4 research outputs found

    L'acquisition d'un paradigme : éclairage multidimensionnel sur la mise en place des déterminants chez quatre enfants entre 1;6 et 3;5

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    Given their presence at the crossroads of different linguistic fields (phonology, morphosyntax, semantics or pragmatics), determiners have for a long time aroused the interest of language acquisition researchers. We thus find several studies dealing with the phono-prosodic, lexical and syntactic, semantic or pragmatic constraints involved in the acquisition of determiners. But only few of them have provided a combined analysis of all these factors, considering both adult morphemes and transitional forms (omissions and filler syllables). Our study aims to describe the emergence of filler syllables and determiners and understand - in a multidimensional perspective examining simultaneously distributional and functional factors - which factors may affect the acquisition process, and over which periods of time.Our study is based on a corpus of four children, aged from 1;6 for the youngest in the first selected session to 3;5 for the eldest in the last session. We first identified all the noun phrases produced in the data and each occurrence was then analysed according to phono-prosodic, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discursive factors.Our results show that each distributional factor may influence, at different degrees, the production of pre-nominal forms and that children’s use of forms shows early sensitivity to pragmatic factors. However, none of the factors taken separately have accounted for all of the children’s productions. An additional combined analysis of both distributional and functional factors has supported the initial trends and highlighted the influence of a series of factors (and in particular, phono-prosodic, syntactic and pragmatic), more than a single and predominant one throughout the acquisition process of determiners.De par leur prĂ©sence Ă  l’interface entre plusieurs domaines linguistiques (phonologie, morpho-syntaxe, sĂ©mantique ou pragmatique), les dĂ©terminants ont depuis longtemps suscitĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt des chercheurs en acquisition. On trouve ainsi de nombreux travaux portant notamment sur les contraintes phono-prosodiques, lexico-syntaxiques, sĂ©mantiques ou pragmatiques Ă  l’Ɠuvre dans le processus d’acquisition de ces formes, mais peu d’entre eux ont cherchĂ© Ă  proposer une analyse combinĂ©e de ces facteurs, en tenant compte Ă  la fois des morphĂšmes adultes et des formes de transition (omissions et fillers). Nous avons donc souhaitĂ©, dans le cadre de ce travail, dĂ©crire l’émergence des dĂ©terminants et de leurs proto-formes en essayant de saisir, dans une perspective multidimensionnelle intĂ©grant Ă  la fois des facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels, quels facteurs influencent le plus ce processus, et Ă  quelles pĂ©riodes.Cette thĂšse repose sur l’analyse d’un corpus longitudinal de quatre enfants, ĂągĂ©s de 1;6 pour le plus jeune lors de la premiĂšre sĂ©ance sĂ©lectionnĂ©e Ă  3;5 pour le plus ĂągĂ© lors de la derniĂšre. Nous avons repĂ©rĂ© au sein de ce corpus tous les noms produits par les enfants ainsi que les formes les prĂ©cĂ©dant et chaque syntagme a fait l’objet d’une analyse phono-prosodique, lexico-syntaxique, sĂ©mantique, pragmatique et discursive.Les rĂ©sultats montrent d’une part que tous les facteurs distributionnels peuvent - Ă  des degrĂ©s diffĂ©rents - influencer la production des formes prĂ©-nominales, et d’autre part, que les usages que les enfants font des formes tĂ©moignent d’une sensibilitĂ© prĂ©coce Ă  certains contrastes pragmatico-discursifs. Toutefois, aucun des facteurs pris sĂ©parĂ©ment n’a permis de rendre compte de l’intĂ©gralitĂ© des productions des enfants. L’analyse conjointe de ces facteurs distributionnels et fonctionnels a confirmĂ© les tendances dĂ©gagĂ©es au prĂ©alable et a mis en Ă©vidence l’influence d’un ensemble de facteurs (et en particulier, phono-prosodique, syntaxique et pragmatique) plus que d’un facteur unique ou prĂ©dominant tout au long du processus d’acquisition des dĂ©terminants

    Élaboration du corpus Democrat : procédures d’annotation et d’évaluation

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    International audienceThere already exists several corpora that have been manually annotated in referring expressions and coreference chains. Nevertheless, none of them focuses on French language (or for annotations that are related to anaphora more than coreference). The Democrat project has produced such a corpus, with also a diachronic dimension. Its conception raised numerous difficulties, not only linguistic, but also in terms of the homogeneity of the annotations, as well as their verification and the evaluation of their quality. It is this dimension that we explore and discuss here, including concerns about annotation conventions and the evaluation of the annotations, a procedure involving the computation of the inter-annotators agreement. Thus, this article discusses the constitution and content of the Democrat corpus, in order to legitimise the exploitations that will be made of it.S’il existe dĂ©jĂ  plusieurs corpus annotĂ©s manuellement en expressions rĂ©fĂ©rentielles et en chaĂźnes de rĂ©fĂ©rence, il n’en existe aucun pour la langue française, ou alors pour des annotations qui relĂšvent plus de l’anaphore que de la corĂ©fĂ©rence. Le projet Democrat a produit un tel corpus, avec qui plus est une dimension diachronique. Sa conception a posĂ© un ensemble de difficultĂ©s, non seulement linguistiques, mais aussi au niveau de l’homogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des annotations, de leur vĂ©rification et de l’évaluation de leur qualitĂ©. C’est cette dimension que nous proposons ici d’explorer et de discuter, en nous focalisant sur les conventions d’annotation et l’évaluation des annotations obtenues, procĂ©dure impliquant un calcul de l’accord inter-annotateurs. Cet article met ainsi en perspective le contenu du corpus Democrat, pour lĂ©gitimer les exploitations qui en seront faites

    Eating fruits and vegetables : An Ethnographic Study of American and French Family Dinners.

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    International audienceThe French eat more fruits and vegetables than Americans and have lower rates of childhood obesity. This ethnographic study compares various aspects of meal environment in sixteen households in LA, Cal- ifornia and Paris, France, and offers insights on the relationship between local practices and preferences and children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables. Our analysis of video-recorded naturalist data reveals that the consumption of fruits and vegetables is linked to the cultural organization of dinner – what, when and how food is served – and to local beliefs about children’s eating practices. We also found that the French model for dinnertime prioritizes the eating of fruits and vegetables more than the American model does. We propose that local eating models should be taken into account in research on child- hood obesity and in prevention programs
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