11,161 research outputs found
Modified Newtonian Dynamics as an entropic force
Under natural assumptions on the thermodynamic properties of space and time
with the holographic principle we reproduce a MOND-like behaviour of gravity on
particular scales of mass and length, where Newtonian gravity requires a
modification or extension if no dark matter component is introduced in the
description of gravitational phenomena. The result is directly obtained with
the assumption that a fundamental constant of nature with dimensions of
acceleration needs to be introduced into gravitational interactions. This in
turn allows for modifications or extensions of the equipartion law and/or the
holographic principle. In other words, MOND-like phenomenology can be
reproduced when appropriate generalised concepts at the thermodynamical level
of space and/or at the holographic principle are introduced. Thermodynamical
modifications are reflected in extensions to the equipartition law which occur
when the temperature of the system drops below a critical value, equals to
Unruh's temperature evaluated at the acceleration constant scale introduced for
the description of the gravitational phenomena. Our calculations extend the
ones by Verlinde (2011) in which Newtonian gravity is shown to be an emergent
phenomenon, and together with it reinforces the idea that gravity at all scales
is emergent.Comment: 6 pages. Accepted for publication in Journal of Modern Physics (JMP
A direct primitive variable recovery scheme for hyperbolic conservative equations: the case of relativistic hydrodynamics
In this article we develop a Primitive Variable Recovery Scheme (PVRS) to
solve any system of coupled differential conservative equations. This method
obtains directly the primitive variables applying the chain rule to the time
term of the conservative equations. With this, a traditional finite volume
method for the flux is applied in order avoid violation of both, the entropy
and "Rankine-Hugoniot" jump conditions. The time evolution is then computed
using a forward finite difference scheme. This numerical technique evades the
recovery of the primitive vector by solving an algebraic system of equations as
it is often used and so, it generalises standard techniques to solve these kind
of coupled systems. The article is presented bearing in mind special
relativistic hydrodynamic numerical schemes with an added pedagogical view in
the appendix section in order to easily comprehend the PVRS. We present the
convergence of the method for standard shock-tube problems of special
relativistic hydrodynamics and a graphical visualisation of the errors using
the fluctuations of the numerical values with respect to exact analytic
solutions. The PVRS circumvents the sometimes arduous computation that arises
from standard numerical methods techniques, which obtain the desired primitive
vector solution through an algebraic polynomial of the charges.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in PLOS ON
Towards a unified lattice kinetic scheme for relativistic hydrodynamics
We present a systematic derivation of relativistic lattice kinetic equations
for finite-mass particles, reaching close to the zero-mass ultra-relativistic
regime treated in the previous literature. Starting from an expansion of the
Maxwell-Juettner distribution on orthogonal polynomials, we perform a
Gauss-type quadrature procedure and discretize the relativistic Boltzmann
equation on space-filling Cartesian lattices. The model is validated through
numerical comparison with standard benchmark tests and solvers in relativistic
fluid dynamics such as Boltzmann approach multiparton scattering (BAMPS) and
previous relativistic lattice Boltzmann models. This work provides a
significant step towards the formulation of a unified relativistic lattice
kinetic scheme, covering both massive and near-massless particles regimes
Kinetic approach to relativistic dissipation
Despite a long record of intense efforts, the basic mechanisms by which
dissipation emerges from the microscopic dynamics of a relativistic fluid still
elude a complete understanding. In particular, no unique pathway from kinetic
theory to hydrodynamics has been identified as yet, with different approaches
leading to different values of the transport coefficients. In this Letter, we
approach the problem by matching data from lattice kinetic simulations with
analytical predictions. Our numerical results provide neat evidence in favour
of the Chapman-Enskog procedure, as suggested by recently theoretical analyses,
along with qualitative hints at the basic reasons why the Chapman-Enskog
expansion might be better suited than Grad's method to capture the emergence of
dissipative effects in relativistic fluids
A cosmological dust model with extended f(chi) gravity
Introducing a fundamental constant of nature with dimensions of acceleration
into the theory of gravity makes it possible to extend gravity in a very
consistent manner. At the non-relativistic level a MOND-like theory with a
modification in the force sector is obtained, which is the limit of a very
general metric relativistic theory of gravity. Since the mass and length scales
involved in the dynamics of the whole universe require small accelerations of
the order of Milgrom's acceleration constant a_0, it turns out that the
relativistic theory of gravity can be used to explain the expansion of the
universe. In this work it is explained how to use that relativistic theory of
gravity in such a way that the overall large-scale dynamics of the universe can
be treated in a pure metric approach without the need to introduce dark matter
and/or dark energy components.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in the European Physical
Journal
Non-relativistic Extended Gravity and its applications across different astrophysical scales
Using dimensional analysis techniques we present an extension of Newton's
gravitational theory built under the assumption that Milgrom's acceleration
constant is a fundamental quantity of nature. The gravitational force converges
to Newton's gravity and to a MOND-like description in two different mass and
length regimes. It is shown that a modification on the force sector (and not in
the dynamical one as MOND does) is more convenient and can reproduce and
predict different phenomena usually ascribed to dark matter at the
non-relativistic level.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the 2011 Spanish
Relativity Meeting (ERE2011) held in Madrid, Spai
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Keys to academic success for under-represented minority young investigators: recommendations from the Research in Academic Pediatrics Initiative on Diversity (RAPID) National Advisory Committee.
BackgroundAlthough Latinos, African-Americans, and American Indians/Alaska Natives comprise 34% of Americans, these under-represented minorities (URMs) account for only 7% of US medical-school faculty. Even when URMs become faculty, they face many substantial challenges to success. Little has been published, however, on keys to academic success for URM young faculty investigators.MethodsThe Research in Academic Pediatrics Initiative on Diversity (RAPID) goal is to enhance the professional advancement of URM junior faculty pursuing research careers in general academic pediatrics. One important RAPID component is the annual mentoring/career-development conference, which targets URM residents, fellows, and junior faculty, and has included 62 URM participants since its 2013 inception. A conference highlight is the panel discussion on keys to academic success for URM young investigators, conducted by the RAPID National Advisory Committee, a diverse group of leading senior researchers. The article aim was to provide a guide to academic success for URM young investigators using the 2018 RAPID Conference panel discussion. A modified Delphi technique was used to provide a systematic approach to obtaining answers to six key questions using an expert panel: the single most important key to success for URM young investigators; ensuring optimal mentorship; how to respond when patients/families say, "I don't want you to see my child because you are ____"; best strategies for maximizing funding success; how to balance serving on time-consuming committees with enough time to advance research/career objectives; and the single thing you wish someone had told you which would have substantially enhanced your success early on.Results/conclusionsThis is the first published practical guide on keys to academic success for URM young investigators. Identified keys to success included having multiple mentors, writing prolifically, being tenaciously persistent, having mentors who are invested in you, dealing with families who do not want you to care for their child because of your race/ethnicity by seeking to understand the reasons and debriefing with colleagues, seeking non-traditional funding streams, balancing committee work with having enough time to advance one's research and career by using these opportunities to generate scholarly products, and asking for all needed resources when negotiating for new jobs
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