Análisis costo versus efectividad del Etanercept, Infliximab y Adalimumab, en pacientes con artritis reumatoide refractaria

En la actualidad existen varias tecnologías para tratar la artritis reumatoide (AR), lo que se ha convertido en una industria puesto que los tratamientos para la misma, pueden ser por largos periodos de tiempo, con costos importantes para el sistema de salud colombiano. Las instituciones de salud, se enfrentan a un gran reto al tratar de mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes a través de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas mediante medicamentos inmunomoduladores como los antagonistas del factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF), sin embargo, la eficiencia económica de este tipo de tecnologías sigue siendo un aspecto que las instituciones de salud están buscando optimizar. Objetivo: Comparar y evaluar el costo del tratamiento requerido y la efectividad de tres anti-TNF en una Empresa Promotora de Salud (EPS) en Colombia: el Etanercept, Infliximab y Adalimumab. Dicho análisis se realizará de manera cuantitativa, para poder determinar cuál de ellos es la primera opción más costo-efectiva.Currently there are several technologies to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which has become an industry since the treatments for it can be for long periods of time, with significant costs for the Colombian health system. Health institutions face a major challenge in trying to improve the quality of life of patients through new therapeutic alternatives using immunomodulatory drugs such as tumor necrosis factor antagonists (anti-TNF), however, the economic efficiency of this type of technology is still an aspect that health institutions are seeking to optimize

Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis from Schoolchildren in Honduras

This study aimed to identify the circulating genotypes of Giardia intestinalis in Honduran schoolchildren. Of a total of 242 fecal samples, 7.4% showed G. intestinalis cysts by microscopy. All positive samples amplified the tpi gene. Three samples amplified genotype A, four samples amplified genotype B, while 11 samples amplified both genotypes. These results suggest the presence of mixed infections or recombinant strains within the analyzed population. The sequences of the 18Sr gene confirmed for the first time in Honduras the presence of both genotypes (A and B) of Giardia intestinalis causing human infections

Genotyping of Giardia intestinalis from Schoolchildren in Honduras

This study aimed to identify the circulating genotypes of Giardia intestinalis in Honduran schoolchildren. Of a total of 242 fecal samples, 7.4% showed G. intestinalis cysts by microscopy. All positive samples amplified the tpi gene. Three samples amplified genotype A, four samples amplified genotype B, while 11 samples amplified both genotypes. These results suggest the presence of mixed infections or recombinant strains within the analyzed population. The sequences of the 18Sr gene confirmed for the first time in Honduras the presence of both genotypes (A and B) of Giardia intestinalis causing human infections

Un centro de interpretación para el uso social del patrimonio histórico de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

From the perspective of the management of cultural heritage, the design of a space that allows the public to know the historical heritage of the National University of San Marcos is proposed. Well, it is paradoxical that the exhibition of its assets with patrimonial value, circumscribed to its rich and vast history, is an almost unknown area because it lacks an adequate physical and / or virtual space, ordered and organized for its permanent display. This heritage, as a whole, is perceived as distant and isolated objects or, simply unknown due to the lack of adequate promotion and dissemination of the important participation of the academic institution in the process of development of the cultural and national history of Peru. In this sense, it is possible to propose a new scenario through the design and development of an interpretation center that promotes the social use of the historical heritage of the UNMSM where the recipients can discover, in a didactic and tangible way, the historical meaning and heritage value of the cultural assets owned by the Dean University of America.Desde la perspectiva de la gestión del patrimonio cultural se plantea el diseño de un espacio que permita conocer, a todo el público, el patrimonio histórico de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Pues resulta paradójico que la exposición de sus bienes con valor patrimonial, circunscritos a su rica y vasta historia, sea un ámbito casi desconocido por carecer de un espacio físico y/o virtual adecuado, ordenado y organizado para su permanente exhibición. Este patrimonio, en su conjunto, es percibido como objetos lejanos y aislados o, simplemente, desconocidos debido a la falta de una adecuada promoción y divulgación de la importante participación de la institución académica en el proceso de desarrollo de la historia cultural y nacional del Perú. En tal sentido, es posible plantear un nuevo escenario a través del diseño y desarrollo de un centro de interpretación que promueva el uso social del patrimonio histórico de la UNMSM donde los receptores puedan descubrir, de forma didáctica y tangible, el significado histórico y el valor patrimonial de los bienes culturales que posee la Universidad Decana de América

El derecho a vivir en familia: experiencia en procesos de investigación tutelar

This is a comment about the situation of the children without parental care, who live institutionalized in the Residential Care Centers, for long periods of time, because their processes of Tutelary Research are not solved. When the children and teenagers cannot return to a family environment, their rights are infringed, especially the right to live in a family environment that contributes to their protection, development and wellbeing. It is an analysis created out of a job  experience, about the situation lived by many children, even since they are born, to whom the system usually does not prioritize the resolution for their legal situation.Es un comentario respecto a la situación de los niños sin cuidados parentales,  que viven institucionalizados en los Centros de Atención Residencial, durantelargos periodos de tiempo, porque no se resuelve de manera oportuna sus procesos de Investigación Tutelar. Cuando los niños, niñas y adolescentes no pueden retornar a un ambiente familiar, se vulneran sus derechos, especialmente el derecho a vivir en un entorno familiar que contribuya a su protección, desarrollo y bienestar integral. Es una reflexión desde la experiencia de trabajo, respecto a esta situación que viven muchos niños, incluso desde recién nacidos, para quienes el sistema no suele priorizar la resolución de su situación legal

Grado del sistema tecnológico de los inventores peruanos: producción de patentes (2003/2013)

The patent registration is considered one of the industrial and scientific development indexes of countries, once used to measure the capacity of this activity in the transformation of knowledge into products, processes or technological innovation. In view of the whole scientific, technological and innovation contexts activities in Peru, we ask: how does the patent production process behave in the country? The main focus is to identify the production of patents, as well as their inventors. The main objective of this study is to determine the degree of patent productivity in Peru. The search strategy was based on the Esp@cenet patent base, in the Inventors field, using the expression "[PE]" representing the country of inventor, selecting the period of study mentioned above. In a second step, a data cleansing was performed to identify if the strategy was successful, 1104 patents were identified, which were tabulated later. Among the several results of this research, an interesting observation is the predominance of US patent citations, practically monopolizing the sample. On 47 occasions the US country appears, while patents from Germany are cited 4 times and from Great Britain 2 times. During the study period, a 60 % increase in patent registrations was observed. The main patent producers in Peru have interesting characteristics, where one can notice a market reserve in some segments such as hygiene, consumer products and daily life. Finally, one can identify a technological and innovative predominance in sectors where the industry is installed and that has direct interference in the products that are directed to the Peruvian population

Gestión de efectivo en las pymes del distrito especial, turístico y cultural de Riohacha

The objective of the research was to analyze cash management in SMEs in the commerce sector in a special, tourist and cultural district of Riohacha. For this, a descriptive quantitative study was established, with a non-experimental, transectional, field design, applying a questionnaire with 12 statements with a frequency scale. The population was of 15 SMEs, selected by the volume of turnover that each one generates, that is to say, of the income obtained by the sales. The results show that the SMEs under study establish to a very high degree an optimal cash balance according to the needs of the company. Concluding that, the analyzed companies invest their money in the normal course of business and make the payments of their obligations with suppliers and financial institutions. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar la gestión del efectivo en pymes del sector comercio en distrito especial, turístico y cultural de Riohacha. Para esto, se estableció un estudio de tipo cuantitativo descriptivo, con diseño no experimental, transeccional, de campo, aplicando un cuestionario con 12 afirmaciones con escala frecuencial. La población fue de 15 Pymes, seleccionadas por el volumen de facturación que cada una genera, es decir, de los ingresos obtenidos por las ventas. Los resultados muestran, que las pymes objeto de estudio establecen en un grado muy alto un saldo óptimo de efectivo de acuerdo a las necesidades de la empresa. Concluyendo que, las empresas analizadas invierten su dinero en el giro normal del negocio y realizan los pagos de sus obligaciones con proveedores e instituciones financieras