Predicting the Proteins of Angomonas deanei, Strigomonas culicis and Their Respective Endosymbionts Reveals New Aspects of the Trypanosomatidae Family

Endosymbiont-bearing trypanosomatids have been considered excellent models for the study of cell evolution because the host protozoan co-evolves with an intracellular bacterium in a mutualistic relationship. Such protozoa inhabit a single invertebrate host during their entire life cycle and exhibit special characteristics that group them in a particular phylogenetic cluster of the Trypanosomatidae family, thus classified as monoxenics. in an effort to better understand such symbiotic association, we used DNA pyrosequencing and a reference-guided assembly to generate reads that predicted 16,960 and 12,162 open reading frames (ORFs) in two symbiont-bearing trypanosomatids, Angomonas deanei (previously named as Crithidia deanei) and Strigomonas culicis (first known as Blastocrithidia culicis), respectively. Identification of each ORF was based primarily on TriTrypDB using tblastn, and each ORF was confirmed by employing getorf from EMBOSS and Newbler 2.6 when necessary. the monoxenic organisms revealed conserved housekeeping functions when compared to other trypanosomatids, especially compared with Leishmania major. However, major differences were found in ORFs corresponding to the cytoskeleton, the kinetoplast, and the paraflagellar structure. the monoxenic organisms also contain a large number of genes for cytosolic calpain-like and surface gp63 metalloproteases and a reduced number of compartmentalized cysteine proteases in comparison to other TriTryp organisms, reflecting adaptations to the presence of the symbiont. the assembled bacterial endosymbiont sequences exhibit a high A+T content with a total of 787 and 769 ORFs for the Angomonas deanei and Strigomonas culicis endosymbionts, respectively, and indicate that these organisms hold a common ancestor related to the Alcaligenaceae family. Importantly, both symbionts contain enzymes that complement essential host cell biosynthetic pathways, such as those for amino acid, lipid and purine/pyrimidine metabolism. These findings increase our understanding of the intricate symbiotic relationship between the bacterium and the trypanosomatid host and provide clues to better understand eukaryotic cell evolution.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)ERC AdG SISYPHEUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, Lab Metab Macromol Firmino Torres de Castro, BR-21941 Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLab Bioinformat, Lab Nacl Computacao Cient, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilINRIA Grenoble Rhone Alpes, BAMBOO Team, Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Lab Biometrie & Biol Evolut, F-69622 Villeurbanne, FranceUniv Estadual Campinas, Inst Biol, Dept Genet Evolucao & Bioagentes, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut Ribeirao Preto, Dept Ciencias Farmaceut, São Paulo, BrazilLab Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Bioetano, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Bioquim & Imunol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Goias, Inst Ciencias Biol, Mol Biol Lab, Goiania, Go, BrazilFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Carlos Chagas, Lab Biol Mol Tripanossomatideos, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Carlos Chagas, Lab Genom Func, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Estadual Campinas, Ctr Pluridisciplinar Pesquisas Quim Biol & Agr, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Minas Gerais, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Parasitol, Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, Ctr Ciencias Biol, Lab Protozool & Bioinformat, Florianopolis, SC, BrazilUniv Fed Vicosa, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Vicosa, MG, BrazilInst Butantan, Lab Especial Ciclo Celular, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Biol, Fac Filosofia Ciencias & Letras Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Microbiol Imunol & Parasitol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Innate Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii: An Evolutionary Tale of Mice, Cats, and Men

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-21T17:55:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Innate Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii- An Evolutionary Tale of Mice, Cats, and Men.pdf: 1199408 bytes, checksum: 4d1bed7034f47c642f7fd88134b3c9f6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-21T17:56:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Innate Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii- An Evolutionary Tale of Mice, Cats, and Men.pdf: 1199408 bytes, checksum: 4d1bed7034f47c642f7fd88134b3c9f6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2015-07-21T17:59:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Innate Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii- An Evolutionary Tale of Mice, Cats, and Men.pdf: 1199408 bytes, checksum: 4d1bed7034f47c642f7fd88134b3c9f6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-21T17:59:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Innate Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii- An Evolutionary Tale of Mice, Cats, and Men.pdf: 1199408 bytes, checksum: 4d1bed7034f47c642f7fd88134b3c9f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Rene Rachou. Laboratorio de Imunopatologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil/University of Massachusetts Medical School. Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology. Worcester, MA, USAUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas. Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniversity of Cologne. Institute for Genetics. Cologne, GermanyUniversity of Cologne. Institute for Genetics. Cologne, Germany/Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia. Oeiras, PortugalNational Institutes of Health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. Bethesda, MD, USARecent studies have revealed remarkable species specificity of the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR11 and TLR12 and the immunity-related GTPase (IRG) proteins that are essential elements for detection and immune control of Toxoplasma gondii in mice, but not in humans. The biological and evolutionary implications of these findings for the T. gondii host-pathogen relationship and for human disease are discussed