Size and number variation of adipocytes during the growth of Rasa Aragonesa lambs

The size and number of adipocytes of different fat depots was studied in 45 male lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed, distributed in three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36), slaughtered respectively at l 1.7 0.67,24.5 0.57 and 35.8 ? 1.74 kg live weight (LW) and at an age of 32 5, 89 8 and 123 & 8 days. G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, G24 and G36 lambs were weaned respectively at 16.2 & 1.32 and 18.3 r 2.46 kg LW and were fed from then onwards on concentrated fodder and barley straw ad libitum until they were slaughtered. The results obtained show that there is a significant increase in the amount of fat deposited in three internal (omental, mesenteric and kidney knob and channel) fat depots as the LW at slaughter increases (P<O.Ol). A similar phenomenon occurs in the size of the adipocytes, hypertrophy being more evident between 24 and 36 kg (Px0.01) than between 12 and 24 kg, except in the intermuscular fat depot, where the differences were between the two most extreme weights (P<O.Ol). The number of adipocytes in the omental and mesenteric fat depots increased significantly during the period of the study while no variation occurred in the kidney knob and channel fat depot during the same period."Variation de la taille et Aragonesa'! On a étudié la taille et le nombre des adipocytes de différents tissus adipeux chez 45 agneaux 3 groupes de 15 agneaux (G12, G24, G36), abattus respectivement à 11,7 0,67; 24,5 0,57 et 35,8 1,74 kg de poids vif (PV) et 32 5; 89 8 y 123 2 8 jours d'âge. Les agneaux du G12 ont été abattus le jour du sevrage; ceux du G24 et du G36 ont été sevrés respectivementà 16,2 -+ 1,32 y 18,3 2 2,46 kg de PV, et ont eu à leur disposition de l'aliment concentré et de la paille d'orge "ad libitum" jusqu'au le moment de l'abattage. Les résultats obtenus montrent une augmentation significative de la quantité de graisse deposée dans les trois dépôts gras internes (omental, mésentérique, pelvico-rénal) au fur età mesure de l'augmentation du PV d'abattage (P<O,OI). Des résultats semblables ont été trouvés avec la taille des adipocytes car elle augmente avec le PL( l'hypertrophie étant plus marquée entre 24 et 36 kg (P<O,OI) qu' entre 12 et 24 kg, sauf dans le tissu intermusculaire dans lequel les différences ont été entre les deux poids extrêmes (P<O,Ol). Le nombre des adipocytes dans les tissus omental et mésentérique a augmenté significativement pendant la période étudiée (P<O,OI), tandis que dans le tissu pelvico-rénal il n'y a pas eu de variation pendant cette période

Lipogenic enzyme activity in growing Rasa Aragonesa lambs

- The lipogenic enzyme activity of the following enzymes was studied: Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), fatty acids synthetase (FAS), NADP-Malate dehydrogenase (ME) and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in five fat depots (omental, OM; mesenteric, MES; kidney knob and channel, KKC; subcutaneous, SC; intermuscular, IM) in 45 male Rasa Aragonesa lambs divided into three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36). They were slaughtered respectively at 11.70 r 0.67; 24.50 -c 0.57 and 35.80 f 1.74 kg of live weight (LW) and at 32 f 5; 89 f 8, and 123 f 8 days old. The G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, having consumed solely their mother's milk; those in the G24 and G36 groups were weaned at 16.20 -c 1.32 and 18.30 i 2.46 kg LW respectively, were fed from then onward increase in the activity of the G3PDH and FAS lipogenic enzymes was observed. The increase inthe 'de novo' synthesis (FAS) at 36 kg LW was matched by G6PDH activity, which indicates greater use of acetate as a precursor of fatty acids. Furthermore, the maintenance of ME activity during the period studied would indicate that the glucose rate utilization for the fatty acids synthesis was not modified throughout this period."Activité enzymatique lipogénique chez l'agneau de race Rasa Aragonesa au cours de la croissance". On a étudié l'activité enzymatique lipogénique des enzymes Glycérol3-phosphate déhydrogénase (G3PDH), Synthétase des acides gras (SAG), NADP-Malate déhydrogénase (EM) et Glucose 6-phosphate déhydrogénase (GGPDH), dans 5 tissus adipeux (omental, OM ; mésentérique, MES ; pelvien-rénal, PVR ; sous-cutané, SC ; et intermusculaire, /M) chez 45 agneaux mâles de race Rasa Aragonesa répartis en trois lots de 15 agneaux (G12, G24, G36), abattus respectivement à 11,70 0,67; 24,50 -t 0,57 et 35,80 1,74 kg de poids vif (PV) et 32 f 5 ; 89 & 8 et 123 8 jours d'âge. Les agneaux du lot G12 ont été abattus le jour du sevrage et ont ingéré uniquement du lait de la mère ; ceux du lot G24 et du lot G36 ont été sevrés à 16,20 1,32 et 18,30 -r- 2,46 kg de PV, et ont ingéré après le sevrage de l'aliment concentré et de la paille d'orge ad libitum jusqu'à l'abattage. Entre 24 et 36 kg de PV, on a observé une augmentation des activités des enzymes G3PDH et SAG. L'augmentation de la synthèse "de novo" (SAG) B 36 kg de PV a éte accompagnée par une augmentation de l'activité de la GGPDH, qui pourrait indiquer une utilisation plus élevée de l'acétate comme précurseur des acides gras. D'autre part, l'absence de variation dans l'activité de I'EM pourrait indiquer que l'utilisation du glucose pour la synthèse des acides gras n'a pas été modifiée pendant la période ét

Determinación del grado de engrasamiento de canales bovinas mediante análisis de imagen

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Removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions by batch and continuous process using chitosan sulfate dispersed in a calcium alginate hydrogel

A novel chitosan sulfate (ChS) which is insoluble at acidic pHs was synthesized and then dispersed in calcium alginate hydrogel beads to be used to remove Cd(II) from aqueous solutions at acidic pHs using a batch process and a continuous process. By batch wise experiments, it was found that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the Alg-ChS beads increase with the increase in the initial concentration of Cd; however, the percentage of Cd removal decreased.The Freundlich model had the best fit to the experimental adsorption equilibrium data. The adsorption rate of Cd onto Alg-ChS beads followed the kinetic model of pseudo-second order and the time to reach equilibrium increased slightly with increasing initial concentration of Cd(II). The removal of Cd using a fixed bed column (continuous process) packed with the Alg-ChS beads had a much higher efficiencythan the Batch process. An adsorption mechanism of Cd(II) onto the Alg-ChS beads was proposed using the FTIR, and XPS spectra of samples of Cd(II) adsorbed onto ChS and the mechanisms of adsorption of metals by alginate and chitosan proposed by other authors

Efecto de dietas enriquecidas con semilla de lino y CLA en el perfil de ácidos grasos del depósito subcutáneo de terneros frisones

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Vidrios biomédicos y vitrocerámicas como sustitutos de los tejidos óseos

Nowadays, an important research topic related with medical devices are the materials designed as bone tissues substitutes. Hard tissues have a great capacity of self-regeneration but in front of traumatic or pathologic critical bone defects it is necessary the use of bone substitutes or templates as temporal or permanent grafts. Glasses or glass-ceramics are osteoconductive, osteoinductive and biocompatible materials. In addition, they have the ability to link directly to the living bone tissues without any interface (bioactivity). Also, it has been reported that bioglasses favor the angiogenesis process and the cellular adhesion, proliferation and differentiation necessary features for bone tissue engineering scaffolds. This work refers generalities of the bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics compositions, manufacture processes, properties, advantages, disadvantages as well as the main clinical applications and new developments for tissue engineering

Models for oscillating polymerization: Activation by product in a system with flow

In this work, four polymerization mechanisms with flow are proposed where sustained oscillation can be present: (1) Polyaddition initiated by radicals produced by initiator decomposition, which is catalyzed by the polymer, first-order termination, a polymer disappears by a reaction with a third substance and by leaving the system in the exit flow. (2) Polycondensation where the polymer has catalytic activity upon H to produce a monomer, first-order termination and a monomer disappears by a reaction with a third substance, and there is exit flow for all the species. (3) Polycondensation with catalytic activity of the polymer upon A to produce a monomer, first-order termination, conformational transitions of the polymers, one of the polymer conformations disappears by a reaction with a monomer and exit flow for all the species. (4) Polycondensation combined with polyaddition where the polycondensation polymer product has catalytic activity on the monomer, first-order termination and exit flow of all the species. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Effect of comonomer type and concentration on the equilibrium swelling and volume phase transition temperature of N-isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogels

The effect of incorporating a hydrophilic monomer into poly(N- isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPA) hydrogels on the equilibrium swelling and the volume phase transition temperature is reported here. A nonionizable monomer (acrylamide) and three ionizable monomers (itaconic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl monoitaconate, and 2,2-(2-ethoxyethyl) monoitaconate) were studied. Hydrogels with larger swelling capacity than that of the polyNIPA hydrogel were obtained. With the exception of the hydrogel containing 2,2-(2-ethoxyethyl) monoitaconate, which did not exhibit the deswelling phenomena, the rest showed a volume phase transition. The hydrogels containing 85 wt% acrylamide and 15 wt% comonomer presented the higher shrinking ratio. For some compositions, the T c of the polyNIPA hydrogel was within the desired temperature range (38-41°C) for controlled-drug delivery in the human body. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Minimum models of damped and limit cycle oscillations in a polymerization

A simple polymerization scheme. {X?R1 Rj+X?Rj+1 (j=1,2,...,?) Ri+Rj?polymer (i=1,2,...?j=1,2,...,?) has been studied introducing small modifications leading to a stable focus type steady state (with damped oscillations) or unstable focus type (which combined with a no return enclosure for phase trajectories will show cycle limit sustained oscillations). Two variables have been employed in this analysis: X? monomer, Y??j=1 ?Rj = radicals. Limit cycle oscillations requires the addition of autocatalysis with respect to the monomer, J+. X?2. X, and so does an "enzymatic" block. {U+X?VV?Uassuming that Ü=0. The combination of both collateral additions makes the steady state an unstable focus and allows a simple Poincaré-Bendixson proof for the existence of the limit cycle. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd

Polybrusselator-type models

In this paper, the possibility for autocatalysis in polymerization reactions is explored by introducing part of a polymerization mechanism in a model known as Brusselator. It is assumed that monomer concentration is practically constant. Four possibilities are examined: (1) a first radical propagator X, which has an isomer of position of the free electron, Y, dimerizes reversibly and this dimer catalyzes the isomerization of Y to X; (2) the radical propagator X is a polymer with a critical degree of polymerization and has an isomer of position of the free electron Y. This critical radical propagator catalyzes the conversion of Y to X; (3) any radical propagator has an isomer of position of the free electron, Y, and any polymer obtained by recombination of the radicals can catalyze the conversion of Y into its corresponding isomer X; and (4) any radical propagator with a critical degree of polymerization can catalyze the conversion of Y into its corresponding isomer. Isomorphism equations are obtained in all mechanisms, which implies the possibility of limit cycle oscillations (Brusselator model). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc