The Application of Airtraq (fibreoptic intubation device) to Otolaryngology

The anaesthetic laryngoscope Airtraq is designed for the difficult airway. This disposable laryngoscope requires minimal cervical manipulation and unlike other common anaesthetic larynmgoscopes contains a channel for the guidance of an endotracheal tube. This could also be used for diagnosis and biopsy under a general anaesthetic or potentially under a local anaesthetic in an outpatient setting for biopsies or the removal of hypopharyngeal foreign bodies via flexible biopsy forceps obviating the need for a general anaesthetic. Thus Airtraq could be included in the armoury of pre-existing direct laryngoscopes because of its virtue of minimal airway manipulation

The solar wind interaction with comets: A post encounter view

The recent spacecraft encounters with comets Giacobini-Zinner and Halley have led to an enormous increase in our knowledge of comets, including their dust, neutral gas, plasma, and magnetic field environments. The latter has in turn led to better understanding of the nature of the solar wind interaction with the well developed atmosphere of a comet. The post-encounter understanding of this interaction is reviewed, underscoring the differences with pre-encounter reasoning. The problems outstanding in this area are emphasized

Plasma Interaction With Microbes

The germicidal effects of a non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma generated by a novel resistive barrier discharge on representatives of the two classes of bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) are discussed. The plasma exposure, while being lethal to both bacterial classes, also produced gross structural damage in the Gram-negative E. coli while none was observed in the more structurally robust Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. An electrophysical process involving the role of the electrostatic tension on a charged body in a plasma is invoked to explain both observations. Since the efficacy of this electrophysical process depends not only on the tensile strength of the bacterial cell wall but also on its shape and texture, the need for more experimental studies, using a wide range of bacteria belonging to various morphological groups, is suggested. Ways to further test the validity of this electrophysical lysis mechanism for Gram-negative bacteria on one hand, and also to extend its operation to the more robust Gram-positive bacteria on the other, are suggested

Video head impulse testing: Pitfalls in neurological patients

The video head impulse test (vHIT) assesses the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) during a rapid high-velocity low amplitude (10°–20°) head rotation. Patients with peripheral vestibulopathy have a reduced VOR gain with corrective catch-up saccades during the head turn. There are several pitfalls, mainly technical, which may interfere with interpretation of vHIT data. In addition, intrusive eye movement disorders such as spontaneous nystagmus that affect normal eye position and tracking can affect the vHIT results. To date there has been little study of neurological saccadic eye movements that may interfere with the interpretation of vHIT data. Here, in ten patients with a range of central neurological disorders, we describe oculomotor abnormalities on vHIT in the presence of normal range VOR gain values, recorded at a tertiary vestibular neurology service

Subcutaneous Leiomyosarcoma of the Frenulum

Leiomyosarcomas of the penis are rare, with only 29 reported cases to date. We record the case of a patient who presented with a 2-year history of a seemingly indolent penile skin lesion. On histopathology of the local resection, a diagnosis of subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma was made. Specifically, leiomyosarcoma of the penile frenulum has not been clearly reported previously. The patient underwent a further excision to ensure an adequate resection margin and has had no disease recurrence at subsequent follow-up. Our case was of a lesion that, although clinically benign, was malignant and this possibility should be borne in mind when assessing patients

The electrostatics of a dusty plasma

The potential distribution in a plasma containing dust grains were derived where the Debye length can be larger or smaller than the average intergrain spacing. Three models were treated for the grain-plasma system, with the assumption that the system of dust and plasma is charge-neutral: a permeable grain model, an impermeable grain model, and a capacitor model that does not require the nearest neighbor approximation of the other two models. A gauge-invariant form of Poisson's equation was used which is linearized about the average potential in the system. The charging currents to a grain are functions of the difference between the grain potential and this average potential. Expressions were obtained for the equilibrium potential of the grain and for the gauge-invariant capacitance between the grain and the plasma. The charge on a grain is determined by the product of this capacitance and the grain-plasma potential difference

The composition of heavy molecular ions inside the ionopause of Comet Halley

The RPA2-PICCA instrument aboard the Giotto spacecraft obtained 10-210 amu mass spectral of cold thermal molecular ions in the coma of Comet Halley. The dissociation products of the long chain formaldehyde polymer polyoxymethylene (POM) have recently been proposed as the dominant complex molecules in the coma of Comet Halley; however, POM alone cannot account for all of the features of the high resolution spectrum. An important component of the dust at Comet Halley is particles highly enriched in carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen relative to the composition of carbonaceous chondrites. Since this dust could be a source for the heavy molecules observed by PICCA, a search was conducted for other chemical species by determining all the molecules with mass between 20 and 120 amu which can be made from the relatively abundant C, H, O, and N, without regard to chemical structure

Nonlinear Interactions Between Gravitational Radiation and Modified Alfven Modes in Astrophysical Dusty Plasmas

We present an investigation of nonlinear interactions between Gravitational Radiation and modified Alfv\'{e}n modes in astrophysical dusty plasmas. Assuming that stationary charged dust grains form neutralizing background in an electron-ion-dust plasma, we obtain the three wave coupling coefficients, and calculate the growth rates for parametrically coupled gravitational radiation and modified Alfv\'{e}n-Rao modes. The threshold value of the gravitational wave amplitude associated with convective stabilization is particularly small if the gravitational frequency is close to twice the modified Alfv\'en wave-frequency. The implication of our results to astrophysical dusty plasmas is discussed.Comment: A few typos corrected. Published in Phys. Rev.

Evaluation of the undergraduate family medicine programme of Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya : quantitative and qualitative student feedback

Background: Worldwide there is an increasing emphasis on the importance of primary care. The ministry of health Sri Lanka issued a directive in 2016 that training of doctors in primary care should be strengthened. Medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya follow a 1 month long clinical appointment in family medicine in their fourth year of study. Methods: Feedback is taken from students on completion of the appointment. Half the students from each group complete a pre tested structured feedback questionnaire that consists of answers to questions based on a likert scale with a space for free comments. The other half provide qualitative feedback. In this evaluation data were gathered from 185 (98%) students from all eight clinical groups throughout the year 2016. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 22. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data from the Round Robin activity and free comments from the questionnaire. Results: The qualitative feedback provided a richer indepth overview of student ideas on the appointment compared to the quantitative data. In reflection of a desire for learning to be of relevance students wanted clinically oriented teaching focused on management. They preferred active teaching learning methods such as the opportunity to conduct consultations and receive immediate feedback. Students had a high regard for the teaching sessions by general practitioners at their clinics. The appointment had created an interest in the discipline of family medicine which could have an impact on future choice of career. There were indications to suggest that student attitudes towards patients may have evolved to be more patient centred. Students appreciated the inclusive and low stress ambience of the learning environment. Conclusions and recommendations: Regular evaluation of teaching programmes helps maintain accountability of faculty and paves the way for more student centred teaching through the incorporation of students’ views in devising teaching methods. This evaluation found that qualitative feedback provided more descriptive material to reflect on and therefore improve teaching on the programme. It is recommended that more use should be made of qualitative methodologies in programme evaluations