Far-UV Spectroscopic Analyses of Four Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae

We analyze the Far-UV/UV spectra of four central stars of planetary nebulae with strong wind features -- NGC 2371, Abell 78, IC 4776 and NGC 1535, and derive their photospheric and wind parameters by modeling high-resolution FUSE (Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) data in the Far-UV and HST-STIS and IUE data in the UV with spherical non-LTE line-blanketed model atmospheres. Abell 78 is a hydrogen-deficient transitional [WR]-PG 1159 object, and we find NGC 2371 to be in the same stage, both migrating from the constant-luminosity phase to the white dwarf cooling sequence with Teff ~= 120 kK, Mdot ~= 5x10^-8 Msun/yr. NGC 1535 is a ``hydrogen-rich'' O(H) CSPN, and the exact nature of IC 4776 is ambiguous, although it appears to be helium burning. Both objects lie on the constant-luminosity branch of post-AGB evolution and have Teff ~= 65 kK, Mdot ~= 1x10^-8 Msun/yr. Thus, both the H-rich and H-deficient channels of PN evolution are represented in our sample. We also investigate the effects of including higher ionization stages of iron (up to FeX) in the model atmosphere calculations of these hot objects (usually neglected in previous analyses), and find iron to be a useful diagnostic of the stellar parameters in some cases. The Far-UV spectra of all four objects show evidence of hot (T ~ 300 K) molecular hydrogen in their circumstellar environments.Comment: 38 pages, 8 figures (6 color). Accepted for publication in Ap

Influence of Electric Field in the Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen on Graphene

The influence of external electric field (EF) in the adsorption of atomic hydrogen on graphene (H/G) was studied by means of electronic structure calculations based on spin-polarized density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The changes in atomic hydrogen physisorption-chemisorption on graphene owed to EF (which ranged between −1.25 V/Å and 0.75 V/Å) were determined. Analysis of the electronic charge density for an H/G system explained the EF influences on the adsorption properties (analyzing changes in electronic charge density for H/G system). A decrease of more than 100% in the chemisorption barrier for an EF of −1.25 V/Å was found. The changes in the electronic charge density confirm the possibility of manipulating the physical-chemical adsorption of hydrogen on graphene by applying electric fields

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial, Departamento de Santander.

El diplomado de profundización y opción de grado nos permitió como psicólogos en formación y próximos a desempeñarnos en el ámbito laboral lográramos realizar un análisis argumentativo, crítico e interpretativo sobre los abordajes terapéuticos y psicosociales de violencias sistemáticas. Con la realización de la siguiente actividad se dará cumplimiento al trabajo final del “diplomado de profundización en acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia” del programa de psicología que oferta la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia como opción de grado, teniendo como base cada una de las lecturas de las diez unidades, que permite la comprensión y el entendimiento de las subjetividad y nos dará el soporte teórico que sustenta el análisis del trabajo, la “comprensión de la dimensión psicosocial” que nos permite determinar “cuándo un factor es de cambio social o un instrumento de dominación”. La actividad incluye el desarrollo de varias actividades, individuales como colaborativas, pero se pretende integrar un grupo de futuros profesionales que miren para el mismo horizonte, por medio del video del enfoque narrativo que nos ofrecen como herramienta en el entorno practico, se pretende darle vida a cada uno de los casos “Relatos tomados del libro Voces: historias de violencia y esperanza en Colombia”, que se encuentran en el entorno colaborativo, dando selección a uno que servirá de base para la realización de las siguientes actividades que están sugeridas en la guía integradora. Para finalizar se proponen planes de acción y estrategias de intervención en la “situación en crisis” por los hechos que, generados a causa de la violencia del conflicto armado, donde se integren las técnicas, las teorías y los métodos que facilitaran la acción y el desarrollo de la intervención. Palabras Claves: Intervención psicosocial, Violencia, Psicológica, Abordaje Psicosocial, Enfoques Narrativos, Victimas, Desplazamiento, Resiliencia, Estigmatización, Narrativa, Foto voz, Empoderamiento.The Diploma of deepening and grade option allowed us as psychologists in training and close to work in the field achieve carry out an argumentative, critical and interpretative analysis on the therapeutic and psychosocial approaches of Systematic violences. Witht hecompletion of the following activity will be fulfilled the final work of the "diploma of deepening in psychosocial accompaniment in scenarios of violence" of thepsychologyprogramofferedbytheNational Open University and Distance as a degree option, based on each of the readings of the ten units, which allows the understanding of thesubjectives and willgive us the theoretical support that sustains the analysis of the work, the "understanding of the psychosocial dimension" that allows us to determine "when a factor is of social change or an instrument of domination. ". The activity includes the development of several activities, individual as collaborative, but it is intended to integrate a group of future professionals who look to the same side, through the video of the narrative approach offered as a tool in the practical environment, it is intended to give life to each of the cases "Stories taken from the book Voices: stories of violence and hope in Colombia", which are found in the collaborative environment, giving a selection to one that will serve as the basis for carrying out the following activities that are suggested in the integrative guide. Finally, actionplans and intervention strategies are proposed in the "situation in crisis" due to the events generated by the violence of the armed conflict in the case of Pandurí, wheretechniques, theories and methods that facilitate the action and the development of the intervention. Keywords: Psychosocialintervention, Violence, Psychology, Psychosocial Approach, Narrative Approaches, Violence, Displacement, Victims, Stigmatization, Resilience, Narrative image, photo voice, empowerment

Biocompatible Reverse Thermal Gel Sustains the Release of Intravitreal Bevacizumab In Vivo

PURPOSE. We assessed the in vivo release profile of bevacizumab from and biocompatibility of poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-(serinol hexamethylene urethane), or ESHU, a thermoresponsive hydrogel administered intravitreally for drug delivery. METHODS. The technical feasibility of injection was assessed quantitatively via mechanical testing. For in vivo studies, New Zealand White rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with 0.05 mL of either: ESHU dissolved in 25 mg/mL bevacizumab, ESHU dissolved in PBS, or 25 mg/mL bevacizumab. Clinical examination included IOP measurements and examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy for signs of inflammation. Additionally, eyes were examined histologically following euthanasia. To quantify bevacizumab release, aqueous humor samples were obtained via anterior chamber paracentesis and ELISA was used to determine the concentration of drug weekly. In vitro cytotoxicity testing also was performed using bovine corneal endothelial cells. RESULTS. The ESHU was injected easily through a 31-gauge needle, was well tolerated in vivo, and caused minimal cell death in vitro when compared to other common materials, such as silicone oil. The long-term presence of the gel did not affect IOP, and there was no evidence of inflammation histologically or through indirect observation. The ESHU sustained the release of bevacizumab for over 9 weeks and maintained a drug concentration that averaged 4.7 times higher than eyes receiving bolus bevacizumab injections. CONCLUSIONS. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating sustained bevacizumab release in vivo from an intravitreally injected hydrogel formulation, suggesting that this delivery system may be a promising candidate for ocular drug delivery. Keywords: thermally responsive hydrogel, ocular drug delivery, sustained release, biocompatibility, injectable gel C horoidal neovascularization (CNV) is the hallmark of many blinding disorders, most notably wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. It is characterized by pathologic blood vessel growth, which originates in the choroid and progresses through the Bruch's membrane into the subretinal space. 1 These vessels are fragile and permeable, causing hemorrhage, retinal detachment, scarring, and ultimately, loss of central vision. Elevated levels of VEGF is a central cause of CNV. 2-4 Thus, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF medications, such as bevacizumab (Avastin) or ranibizumab (Lucentis), has emerged as a leading treatment strategy. 10-13 Therefore, a delivery system that extends the presence of intravitreal drugs in the eye is highly desirable for reducing injection frequency and adverse effects, while maximizing therapeutic outcomes. A number of polymeric delivery systems have been considered by researchers for intravitreal drug delivery, including microparticles, which are well tolerated in the eye and are capable of delivering drugs over a longer period of time. 14,15 For example, microparticle-encapsulated or PEGylated bevacizumab is more effective than bevacizumab alone in treating CNV in rats

Acupuncture and rehabilitation of the painful shoulder: study protocol of an ongoing multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial [ISRCTN28687220]

BACKGROUND: Although the painful shoulder is one of the most common dysfunctions of the locomotor apparatus, and is frequently treated both at primary healthcare centres and by specialists, little evidence has been reported to support or refute the effectiveness of the treatments most commonly applied. According to the bibliography reviewed, physiotherapy, which is the most common action taken to alleviate this problem, has not yet been proven to be effective, because of the small size of sample groups and the lack of methodological rigor in the papers published on the subject. No reviews have been made to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating this complaint, but in recent years controlled randomised studies have been made and these demonstrate an increasing use of acupuncture to treat pathologies of the soft tissues of the shoulder. In this study, we seek to evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy applied jointly with acupuncture, compared with physiotherapy applied with a TENS-placebo, in the treatment of painful shoulder caused by subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). METHODS/DESIGN: Randomised controlled multicentre study with blind evaluation by an independent observer and blind, independent analysis. A study will be made of 465 patients referred to the rehabilitation services at participating healthcare centres, belonging to the regional public health systems of Andalusia and Murcia, these patients presenting symptoms of painful shoulder and a diagnosis of subacromial syndrome (rotator cuff tendinitis and subacromial bursitis). The patients will be randomised into two groups: 1) experimental (acupuncture + physiotherapy); 2) control (TENS-placebo + physiotherapy); the administration of rescue medication will also be allowed. The treatment period will have a duration of three weeks. The main result variable will be the change produced on Constant's Shoulder Function Assessment (SFA) Scale; as secondary variables, we will record the changes in diurnal pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS), nocturnal pain intensity on the VAS, doses of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) taken during the study period, credibility scale for the treatment, degree of improvement perceived by the patient and degree of improvement perceived by the evaluator. A follow up examination will be made at 3, 6 and 12 months after the study period has ended. Two types of population will be considered for analysis: per protocol and per intention to treat. DISCUSSION: The discussion will take into account the limitations of the study, together with considerations such as the choice of a simple, safe method to treat this shoulder complaint, the choice of the control group, and the blinding of the patients, evaluators and those responsible for carrying out the final analysis

Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson's disease

© 2015 Vadalà et al. Electromagnetic therapy is a non-invasive and safe approach for the management of several pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology caused by abnormal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta in the midbrain resulting in damage to the basal ganglia. Electromagnetic therapy has been extensively used in the clinical setting in the form of transcranial magnetic stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy which can also be used in the domestic setting. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy to alleviate motor and non-motor deficits that characterize Parkinson's disease

Astrophysical Origins of Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Rays

In the first part of this review we discuss the basic observational features at the end of the cosmic ray energy spectrum. We also present there the main characteristics of each of the experiments involved in the detection of these particles. We then briefly discuss the status of the chemical composition and the distribution of arrival directions of cosmic rays. After that, we examine the energy losses during propagation, introducing the Greisen-Zaptsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) cutoff, and discuss the level of confidence with which each experiment have detected particles beyond the GZK energy limit. In the second part of the review, we discuss astrophysical environments able to accelerate particles up to such high energies, including active galactic nuclei, large scale galactic wind termination shocks, relativistic jets and hot-spots of Fanaroff-Riley radiogalaxies, pulsars, magnetars, quasar remnants, starbursts, colliding galaxies, and gamma ray burst fireballs. In the third part of the review we provide a brief summary of scenarios which try to explain the super-GZK events with the help of new physics beyond the standard model. In the last section, we give an overview on neutrino telescopes and existing limits on the energy spectrum and discuss some of the prospects for a new (multi-particle) astronomy. Finally, we outline how extraterrestrial neutrino fluxes can be used to probe new physics beyond the electroweak scale.Comment: Higher resolution version of Fig. 7 is available at http://www.angelfire.com/id/dtorres/down3.html. Solicited review article prepared for Reports on Progress in Physics, final versio

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F