Variabilidade genética de variedades locais de arroz determinada por marcadores SSR

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of rice (Oryza sativa) landraces collected in Brazilian small farms. Twelve simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers characterized 417 landraces collected in 1986, 1987 and 2003, in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The number of landraces with long and thin grain type increased in the evaluated period, probably due to market demand. Based on the molecular data, the genetic variability increased during this period and, as per to the factorial correspondence analysis, most of the accessions were grouped according to the year of collection. The incorporation of modern rice cultivars in landrace cultivation areas and the selection carried out by small farmers are the most probable factors responsible for increasing landrace genetic variability, during the evaluated period. Genotype exchange between farmers, selection practice and local environmental adaptation are able to generate novel adapted allele combinations, which can be used by breeding programs, to reinitiate the process.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de variedades locais de arroz (Oryza sativa), coletadas em pequenas propriedades rurais. Doze marcadores microssatélites (SSR) caracterizaram 417 variedades locais, coletadas em 1986, 1987 e 2003, no Estado de Goiás. O número de variedades locais com tipo de grão longo e fino aumentou no intervalo de tempo avaliado, provavelmente em razão da demanda de mercado. Conforme os dados moleculares, houve aumento na variabilidade genética e, por meio da análise fatorial de correspondência, observou-se que a maior parte dos acessos foi agrupada de acordo com o ano de coleta. A incorporação de cultivares modernas de arroz às áreas de cultivo das variedades locais e a seleção realizada pelos pequenos agricultores são, provavelmente, os fatores responsáveis pelo aumento observado na variabilidade genética, ao longo do período avaliado. O intercâmbio de genótipos entre fazendeiros, a prática da seleção e a adaptação ambiental ao local de cultivo são capazes de gerar novas combinações alélicas adaptadas que, por sua vez, podem ser usadas pelos programas de melhoramento, para reiniciar o processo

Le rôle de l’interaction verbale pour l’acquisition de la pensée algébrique dans l’enseignement primaire

L’objectif de ce travail a été d’analyser les interactions verbales élèves-enseignantes mettant en évidence le rôle du langage dans le développement de la pensée algébrique dans une perspective historico-culturelle. Les interactions ont eu lieu grâce à des tâches dont la construction se basait sur la perception des régularités dans des suites non numériques. Cette recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre des enseignantes de l’école primaire et des chercheurs associés à un master académique. Elle a été développée en contexte réel avec 29 élèves (8-9 ans) de 3e année de l’école primaire. Les données recueillies montrent que les interactions verbales élèves-enseignantes favorisent le développement de la pensée algébrique sans l’introduction du langage mathématique (Mason, 2007; Radford, 2013, 2014).The purpose of this study was to examine student-teacher verbal interactions that highlight the role of language in the development of algebraic thinking from a cultural-historical perspective. The interactions took place during tasks dealing with the perception of patterns in non-numeric sequences. The study was conducted as part of a partnership between primary school teachers and researchers associated with an academic master’s degree. The study was developed in a real-life context, with 29 third-grade primary students (8-9 years old). The collected data reveals that “students-teachers” verbal interactions are conducive to developing algebraic thinking without the introduction of mathematical language (Mason, 2007; Radford, 2013, 2014).El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar las interacciones verbales entre alumnos y profesores, poniendo en evidencia el rol del lenguaje en el desarrollo del pensamiento algebraico desde una perspectiva histórico-cultural. Las interacciones tuvieron lugar en situaciones donde las tareas demandadas tenían relación con la percepción de regularidades en secuencias no numéricas. Esta investigación fue realizada en el marco de un acuerdo entre profesores de primaria e investigadores asociados a una maestría; ella fue aplicada con 29 alumnos (de 8 a 9 años) de tercer año de primaria. Los datos recogidos muestran que las interacciones verbales “alumnos-profesores” favorecen el desarrollo del pensamiento algebraico sin la introducción del lenguaje matemático (Mason, 2007; Radford, 2013, 2014)

EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA parâmetros contemporâneos e suas garantias

Nesses meandros projetistas da nossa sociedade dessas incipientes décadas do século XXI, passa-se a pensar a contemplação educacional e suas garantias na constituição brasileira. Esse projeto se dá a partir e com a disciplina do Projeto Integrador e, certamente, por ser um trabalho de pesquisa no ensino superior – na graduação de Direito – ancorado por uma instituição de certame pedagógico não tradicional, permite-se ressaltar a correspondência da temática para compreensões históricas e a materialização das expectativas para, pelo menos, até a metade deste vigente século. Você leitor(a) inicia esta obra atravessando a previsibilidade da educação em matéria legal na constituição brasileira. Preciso destacar como orientador e ministrante da disciplina de Projeto Integrador e coordenador do GPESC – Grupo de Pesquisa em Saberes Contemporâneos apoiado pela RECAM – Revista Camalotes, periódico científico desta instituição, que as integralidades presentes aqui são diversas e estão para além da interação entre os(as) nossos(as) acadêmicos(as). O conteúdo é caríssimo à sociedade brasileira, pois, pensar as garantias educacionais e, principalmente, as suas progressões nos faz pensar que ainda não atingimos e não atingiremos o ideal, mas certamente, caminhamos para uma contemplativa missão de corresponder ao ideal, isso nos conforta, isso nos motiva enquanto operadores(as) da pesquisa na bancada da educação, sobretudo, no ensino superior

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status