The steady flow between reservoirs with different density and level through a contraction

This paper presents a complete analytical solution of steady gravity flow between two reservoirs connected by a channel of slowly varying breadth and containing fluids of different densities and levels. The hydrostatic approximation is used and dissipation is neglected. It is shown that seven different regimes are possible depending on the value of the parameter δ = γ/ε, which is the ratio of relative lighter and denser reservoir level difference, γ, to positive relative density difference, ε. The exact solution of the problem is obtained for all these regimes. If the level of the heavier fluid reservoir is higher than the level of lighter fluid reservoir, δ ≤ 0, then the denser fluid plunges under the lighter motionless fluid. If δ ≥ 1, the lighter fluid runs up on a wedge of the motionless denser fluid. If 0 \u3c δ \u3c 1, two-directional exchange flow occurs. The exact analytical expressions for layer discharges for the entire range of the parameters ε and δ are found and discussed. Wood\u27s (1970) experimental data with nonsmall ε are in good agreement with the theory. When ε → 0 an exchange regime exists as long as γ → 0 to keep their ratio between 0 and 1, 1 \u3e γ/ε \u3e 0. At this limit the existence of an exchange flow and the solution depend only on the ratio γ/ε, not the values of γ and ε individually, and the Boussinesq approximation can be used. Some examples of application of the theory to prediction of mass and volume transport through a contraction for steady and quasi-steady flows are given

Murine isoforms of retinoic acid receptor gamma with specific patterns of expression.

We have characterized seven murine retinoic acid receptor gamma cDNA isoforms (mRAR-gamma 1 to -gamma 7) generated by alternative splicing of at least seven exons. These isoforms differ from one another in their 5' untranslated region and in two cases (mRAR-gamma 1 and -gamma 2) differ in their N-terminal A region, which is known to be important for differential transactivation by other nuclear receptors. mRAR-gamma 1 and -gamma 2, the predominant isoforms, are differentially expressed in adult tissues and during embryogenesis. Most notably, skin contains almost exclusively mRAR-gamma 1 transcripts. The conservation of the RAR-gamma isoforms from mouse to human together with their patterns of expression suggests that they perform specific functions, which may account for the pleiotropic effect of retinoic acid in embryogenesis and development

The Grizzly, September 14, 2017

Three Workers Injured in IDC Construction Accident • Rush Week Comes Early This Year • Have You Seen Scene / Unseen? • Ursinus Welcomes a New AD to Main Street • A Fairy Tale in the English Department • Opinions: Trump\u27s Move to End DACA is One of his Most Disgusting Acts Yet; Why Resident Advisers Could Benefit From a Union • Fresh Voice for UC Volleyball • Bears Beat Bison and Bullets for Hot Start to Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1624/thumbnail.jp

Housing insecurity, housing conditions, and breastfeeding behaviors for medicaid-eligible families in urban settings

BACKGROUND: Research exploring associations between exposure to social determinants of health and breastfeeding is needed to identify breastfeeding barriers. Housing insecurity and household conditions (chaos and crowding) may affect breastfeeding by increasing maternal stress and discomfort and decreasing time available to breastfeed. RESEARCH AIM: We aimed to examine the relationships between housing insecurity, breastfeeding exclusivity intention during the early postnatal period, and breastfeeding exclusivity at 6 months postpartum among a sample "at risk" for suboptimal breastfeeding rates. METHODS: This study is a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study at two time periods. Data were collected from English- and Spanish-speaking, Medicaid-eligible mother-infant dyads (N = 361) at near-birth and child aged 6 months, in New York City and Pittsburgh. Structural equation modeling was used to examine direct and indirect effects of housing insecurity on breastfeeding exclusivity at child aged 6 months. RESULTS: The path model showed that experiencing more markers of housing insecurity (i.e., foreclosure/eviction threat, history of homelessness, late rent) was predictive of significantly lower breastfeeding exclusivity at 6 months. This was partially mediated through less exclusive breastfeeding intention during the early postnatal period. Greater household crowding was associated with 6-month breastfeeding exclusivity when mediated by intention. Household crowding had differential effects by study site and participant race/ethnicity. CONCLUSION: Refinement of housing insecurity as a multi-dimensional construct can lead to the development of standardized data collection instruments, inform future methodological decisions in research addressing social determinants of health, and can inform the development of responsive individual- and structural-level interventions.The data used in this study were collected as part of the SMART Beginnings Randomized Controlled Trial (NCT02459327 registered at ClinicalTrials.gov)

Spectroscopic Study of 75^{75}As and 139^{139}La NMR on Layered Structure Ferromagnet LaCoAsO

$^{75}$As and $^{139}$La field-swept NMR spectra were obtained for the novel weakly itinerant ferromagnet LaCoAsO with 2D layered structure above the Curie temperature of 55 K. By analyzing NMR spectra, temperature dependences of Knight shift $K$ and nuclear quadrupole resonance frequency $\nu_Q$ were obtained successfully for each nucleus. We confirmed from the so-called $K$-$\chi$ plots that the macroscopic magnetization of our {LaCoAsO} powder sample is intrinsic and does not contain the contribution from impurity phases. We estimated hyperfine coupling constants from the slope of $K$-$\chi$ plots and compared to that of iron-arsenide superconductor.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, published on J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. at Vol.79, pp.054703 (2010)

Effects of an intervention program for female victims of intimate partner violence on psychological symptoms and perceived social support

Background: Research has documented severe mental health problems in female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Therefore, providing effective treatment is pivotal. Few studies have investigated the effects of intervention programs on reducing the harmful consequences of IPV. Objective: The present study examined the effects of a specific three-phase intervention program for female victims of IPV on psychological symptoms (PTSD, anxiety, and depression) and perceived social support. Given that many of the women dropped out before and during the intervention program, potential differences in initial levels of psychological symptoms, perceived social support, as well as descriptive variables were explored between the women who completed the whole program and the groups of women who dropped out prematurely. Method: The initial sample consisted of 212 female victims of IPV. Symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and level of perceived social support were measured with validated scales before the start of the intervention and after completion of each treatment phase. Results: Results showed a significant effect of the intervention program on reducing psychological symptoms and increasing levels of perceived social support. Effect sizes ranged from medium to very high. Significant positive effects were found for each of the treatment phases. There were no significant differences between the women who completed the whole program and those women who dropped out prematurely in terms of initial level of symptoms and perceived social support as well as descriptive characteristics. Conclusions: Specifically developed intervention programs for female victims of IPV are effective in reducing the harmful personal consequences of IPV. Future studies should consider employing controlled study designs and address the issue of high drop out rates found in intervention studies