4 research outputs found
Assessing mortality prediction through different representation models based on concepts extracted from clinical notes
Recent years have seen particular interest in using electronic medical
records (EMRs) for secondary purposes to enhance the quality and safety of
healthcare delivery. EMRs tend to contain large amounts of valuable clinical
notes. Learning of embedding is a method for converting notes into a format
that makes them comparable. Transformer-based representation models have
recently made a great leap forward. These models are pre-trained on large
online datasets to understand natural language texts effectively. The quality
of a learning embedding is influenced by how clinical notes are used as input
to representation models. A clinical note has several sections with different
levels of information value. It is also common for healthcare providers to use
different expressions for the same concept. Existing methods use clinical notes
directly or with an initial preprocessing as input to representation models.
However, to learn a good embedding, we identified the most essential clinical
notes section. We then mapped the extracted concepts from selected sections to
the standard names in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We used the
standard phrases corresponding to the unique concepts as input for clinical
models. We performed experiments to measure the usefulness of the learned
embedding vectors in the task of hospital mortality prediction on a subset of
the publicly available Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III)
dataset. According to the experiments, clinical transformer-based
representation models produced better results with getting input generated by
standard names of extracted unique concepts compared to other input formats.
The best-performing models were BioBERT, PubMedBERT, and UmlsBERT,
respectively
Information Sharing and Information Quality in the Drugs and Medical Consumables Supply Chain Management (SCM): Drugs and Medical Consumables Supply Chain Management
Information management is considered as one of the keys to the supply chain management (SCM) success. This study intends to explore the factors affecting the knowledge sharing and knowledge quality in the SCM of the drugs and medical consumables. This applied study was conducted using analytical-survey research method. The research population consisted of 78 people involved in the supply chain of the drug and medical consumables in the teaching hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS). Data were collected by a questionnaire whose face and content validity were both confirmed by pooling the ideas of some professors of Health Information Technology and Health-care Services Management faculties of IUMS. The reliability of the questionnaire was validated by estimating Cornbrash’s alpha coefficient (α=0.93). Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis method and SPSS software version.23. Based on the results, the environmental uncertainty and intra-organizational facilitators had no impact on information sharing and information quality but inter-organizational relationships influenced the information sharing (p = 0.01) and information quality (p = 0.001). To achieve high-quality information sharing, establishing appropriate relationships with the other chain partners is of critical importance. Based on the results of the study, although there was no statistically significant relationship between the intra-organizational facilitators and environmental uncertainty and the information sharing and information quality, top management support, information technology (IT), appropriate selection of supplier and attention to the drug needs of the patients, should not be neglected
A graph database approach for temporal modeling of disease progression
The high cost of managing chronic diseases for individuals and governments, as well as the negative impact on the quality of life, highlights the importance of controlling and preventing the chronic disease progression. Understanding the disease progression model is one of the first steps, which can lead to more effective planning for interventions. Most of the different approaches for statistical modeling of disease progression work with the graph. On the other hand longitudinal medical data could be represented in the form of a graph and modeling them in this way has a great deal of potential for analyzing and tracking medical event. Data structures, data model features, query facilities and special commands in graph database for traversing and detection patterns could be useful for building summarized information based on transitions between different stages of a particular disease in individual graphs. Given the fact that clinical data is collected at different times, software and formats, there is a need for a flexible framework for data linkage. Use of graph databases brings this flexibility into account and provide a highly scalable framework for data integrating and linkage. In this study, at first simple medical observations related to patients with varying degrees of Alzheimer's disease stored in a graph database (Neo4j) and then by reviewing the capabilities of this environment in building transition graph of different stages of the disease, suggestions for the model development with more details were
presented
A Study into patient similarity through representation learning from medical records
Patient similarity assessment, which identifies patients similar to a given
patient, can help improve medical care. The assessment can be performed using
Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). Patient similarity measurement requires
converting heterogeneous EMRs into comparable formats to calculate their
distance. While versatile document representation learning methods have been
developed in recent years, it is still unclear how complex EMR data should be
processed to create the most useful patient representations. This study
presents a new data representation method for EMRs that takes the information
in clinical narratives into account. To address the limitations of previous
approaches in handling complex parts of EMR data, an unsupervised method is
proposed for building a patient representation, which integrates unstructured
data with structured data extracted from patients' EMRs. In order to model the
extracted data, we employed a tree structure that captures the temporal
relations of multiple medical events from EMR. We processed clinical notes to
extract symptoms, signs, and diseases using different tools such as medspaCy,
MetaMap, and scispaCy and mapped entities to the Unified Medical Language
System (UMLS). After creating a tree data structure, we utilized two novel
relabeling methods for the non-leaf nodes of the tree to capture two temporal
aspects of the extracted events. By traversing the tree, we generated a
sequence that could create an embedding vector for each patient. The
comprehensive evaluation of the proposed method for patient similarity and
mortality prediction tasks demonstrated that our proposed model leads to lower
mean squared error (MSE), higher precision, and normalized discounted
cumulative gain (NDCG) relative to baselines