Il complesso di gallerie drenanti Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella nel Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio (Napoli)

The Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella drainage galleries complex in the Vesuvius National Park (Naples) The Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella complex, located close to the village of Sant’Anastasia on Mt. Vesuvius, is constituted of 4 drainage galleries, each several tens of meters long, with a total drainage of about 0,1 l/s. Their present structure is due to the hydraulic works made, at the end of the 19th century by the king Ferdinando II of Bourbon, whereas the presence of an underground aquifer in this area had been noticed before the 79 a.C. eruption. The underground complex is not only an important archaeological site, but it is nowadays a part of the monitoring network for the Vesuvius volcanic risk assessment managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Some important variation of the geochemical characteristics of the Olivella 1 gallery were recorded in coincidence with the October 11, 1999, earthquake

Il complesso di gallerie drenanti Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella nel Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio (Napoli)

The Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella drainage galleries complex in the Vesuvius National Park (Naples) The Chianatelle-Felice-Olivella complex, located close to the village of Sant’Anastasia on Mt. Vesuvius, is constituted of 4 drainage galleries, each several tens of meters long, with a total drainage of about 0,1 l/s. Their present structure is due to the hydraulic works made, at the end of the 19th century by the king Ferdinando II of Bourbon, whereas the presence of an underground aquifer in this area had been noticed before the 79 a.C. eruption. The underground complex is not only an important archaeological site, but it is nowadays a part of the monitoring network for the Vesuvius volcanic risk assessment managed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. Some important variation of the geochemical characteristics of the Olivella 1 gallery were recorded in coincidence with the October 11, 1999, earthquake.Published225-2351.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attiveN/A or not JCRope

Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 1-[(1,2-diphenyl-1H-4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4 phenylpiperazines with clozapine-like mixed activities at dopamine D(2), serotonin, and GABA(A) receptors

A series of 18 1-[(1,2-diphenyl-1H-4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-piperazines (la-r) were designed and synthesized as possible ligands with mixed dopamine (DA) D-2/serotonin 5-HT1A affinity, with the aim of identifying novel compounds with neurochemical and pharmacological properties similar to those of clozapine. The binding profile at D-2 like, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors of title compounds was determined. Modifications made in the phenyl rings of the parent compound (1a) produced congeners endowed with a broad range of binding affinities for DA D2 like, serotonin 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors, with IC50 values ranging from 25 to > 10 000 nM. As for the modification of the piperazine N-4 -phenyl ring, the affinities for both D-2 like and 5-HT1A receptors were progressively increased by introduction of ortho-methoxy and ethoxy groups (1b,o, respectively). Data revealed the presence of a para-chloro substituent in 1g to be associated with a relatively high affinity and substantial selectivity for D2 like receptors, whereas the meta-chloro analogue If exhibited preferential affinity for 5-HT1A receptors. A quantitative structure -affinity relationship analysis of the measured binding data resulted in regression equations, that highlighted substituent physicochemical properties modulating the binding to subtypes 1A and 2A of serotonin 5-HT receptors but not to D2 like receptors. Thus, besides an electron-withdrawing field effect and ortho substitution, which both influence binding to serotonin 5-HT receptor subtypes, though to a different extent as revealed by regression coefficients in the multiparametric regression equations, the affinity of congeners la-r to 5-HT1A receptors proved to be linearly correlated with volume/polarizability descriptors, whereas their affinity to 5-HT2A receptors correlated with lipophilicity constants through a parabolic relationship. 1-[(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-4-imidazolyl)methyl-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (1b), with a D-2/5-HT1A IC50 ratio of similar to1, was selected for a further pharmacological study. In rats, the intraperitoneal administration of compound 1b, like that of clozapine, induced an increase in the extracellular concentration of DA measured in the medial prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, 1b and clozapine each inhibited GABA-evoked Cl- currents at recombinant GABA(A) receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These findings suggest that compound lb may represent an interesting prototype of a novel class of drugs endowed with a neurochemical profile similar to that of atypical antipsychotics