Parâmetros físicos e fisiológicos relacionados com a tolerância ao calor em ovinos no Brasil

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Animais, 2016.A adaptabilidade aos ambientes tropicais, tolerância ao calor, bem como a capacidade de prever os efeitos ambientais nos animais são fatores importantes para a ovinocultura. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar a tolerância ao calor de 26 ovinos da raça Santa Inês (SI) e Morada Nova (MN) no Distrito Federal e se os índices ambientais e os coeficientes de tolerância ao calor existentes são adequados para avaliar o estresse pelo calor em nessas raças, utilizando parâmetros climáticos, sanguíneos, físicos, fisiológicos, termográficos e coeficientes de adaptabilidade. Bem como e definir os parâmetros sanguíneos e fisiológicos para os ovinos no Brasil utilizando 5081 observações de experimentos anteriores realizados com ovinos de diferentes regiões (Nordeste, Centro-oeste e Sul) com dados de período do dia, sexo, raça, idade, características fisiológicas, hematológicas e variáveis climáticas. As análises estatística incluíram as análises de média variância, correlações, broken lines e componentes principais. Foi observado que a raça influenciou significativamente (p<0,001) características fisiológicas e físicas de pele, pêlo, medidas biométricas e os coeficientes de tolerância ao calor de Ibéria e Benezra. Apesar de ambas as raças poderem ser consideradas adaptadas às condições ambientais da região, considerando coeficientes de tolerância ao calor e características físicas, a raça MN pode ser considerada melhor adaptada às condições locais. A correlação positiva encontrada entre as temperaturas termográficas e os parâmetros fisiológicos, indicou que esta técnica pode ser utilizada para avaliar o conforto térmico animal, tendo como vantagem a não manipulação do animal, o que favorece o bem-estar do animal. Os índices de Ibéria e Benezra foram os coeficientes de tolerância que melhor se correlacionaram com as características avaliadas. Foi observada alta correlação entre os índices ambientais e as temperaturas retais e superficiais da pele, o que indica que esses índices podem ser utilizados para avaliação de conforto térmico para ovinos destas raças. Porém, os valores indicativos de desconforto térmico são diferentes da classificação existente. A frequência respiratória foi o parâmetro que mais divergiu em relação aos padrões de normalidade, com valores acima dos limites para a espécie, sendo superior nos ovinos de raças comerciais lanadas. No hemograma também foram observadas divergências entre os resultados e os valores citados na literatura. Assim, considerando que parâmetros fisiológicos e hematológicos são indicadores do estado patológico ou fisiológico do animal, para uma correta interpretação dos resultados é recomendada a utilização de valores de referência baseados em animais com características raciais semelhantes e submetidos às condições ambientais similares.Adaptability to tropical environments, heat tolerance and the ability to predict the effects of the environment on animals are important factors in sheep production. The aim of this study was to evaluate heat tolerance of 26 Santa Ines (SI) and Morada Nova (MN) sheep in the Federal District of Brazil and to analyze whether existing indices are suitable for evaluating heat stress in these breeds using thermography, climatic, blood, physical, physiological parameters and heat tolerance indices. As well as to determine blood and physiological parameters of sheep in Brazil using 5081 observations from previous experiments with animals from different regions (Northeast, Midwest and South) with time of day, gender, breed, age, physiological characteristics, hematological and climatic variables. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance, means, correlation, broken lines and principal components. Breed significantly influenced (p< 0.001) physiological and physical characteristics of skin, hair, biometric measurements and Iberia and Benezra heat tolerance indices. Although both breeds can be considered adapted to the environmental conditions of the region, considering heat tolerance indices and physical characteristics MN breed can be considered more adapted to the region. The positive correlation found between the thermograph temperatures and physiological parameters indicates that this technique can be used to evaluate thermal comfort, having the advantage that animals do not have to be handled, which favors animal welfare. The indices of Iberia and Benezra were the tolerance indices based on animal measures that best correlated with the assessed parameters. High correlation between environmental indices and rectal and skin surface temperatures was observed, which indicates that these indices can be used for these sheep breeds. However, some indicative values of thermal discomfort are different from the existing classification. Respiratory rate was the parameter that most differed in relation to the published normal range, with values above the limits for the species, being higher in commercial wool sheep. For blood count, differences were also observed between the results and the values reported in the literature. Considering that physiological and hematological parameters are indicators of the pathological or physiological state of the animal, for a correct interpretation of the results the use of reference values based on animals with similar breed characteristics and subjected to similar environmental conditions is recommended

Main aspects of Leptospira sp infection in sheep

Este trabalho tem como objetivo revisar as infecções por Leptospira sp em ovinos. São abordados os aspectos epidemiológicos, incluindo a ocorrência no Brasil e as formas de transmissão, os sinais clínicos e as lesões, o diagnóstico e as medidas de prevenção e controle.An updated review of Leptopspira sp infection in sheep is presented emphasizing some epidemiological aspects including the occurrence of the disease in Brazil and mechanisms of transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, prevention and control measures

Illegal animal-origin products seized in baggage from international flights at São Paulo Guarulhos airport (GRU / SBGR), Brazil

Air transportation is one of the most important means to introduce illegally imported animal-origin products into a country. Studies have demonstrated that these items pose a risk of disseminating diseases. São Paulo Guarulhos International Airport (GRU / SBGR) is the main international airport in Brazil in terms of people movement and it has the largest number of seizures of animal-origin products. The aim of the present work was to describe the dynamics of the seizure of illegally imported animal-origin products in baggage from international flight passengers at GRU / SBGR Airport in Brazil. Five hundred and eighty-nine different flights from 43 airlines, arriving from 117 countries were analyzed between 2006 and 2009. The total number of seized items increased from 2006 to 2009 and a single flight from France had the highest number of seizures, followed by flights from South Africa and Germany. Countries were grouped into regions or continents to facilitate the analysis. This grouping was based on historical and cultural ties rather than geographical aspects. Seafood was the most frequently seized product, followed by dairy products, as well as processed and raw meat

Apreensão de produtos de origem animal ilegais em bagagem de voos internacionais no aeroporto de São Paulo - Guarulhos (GRU / SBGR)

O transporte aéreo é um dos meios mais importantes de introdução ilegal de produtos de origem animal importados em um país e estudos têm demonstrado que esses itens representam um risco para a disseminação de doenças. O Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo - Guarulhos (GRU / SBGR) é o principal aeroporto internacional no Brasil em termos de movimento de pessoas e tem o maior número de produtos de origem animal apreendidos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar análise descritiva da dinâmica de apreensão de produtos de origem animal importados ilegalmente em bagagens de passageiros de voos internacionais no Aeroporto GRU / SBGR. Foram analisados 589 diferentes voos de 43 companhias aéreas, que chegaram de 117 países entre 2006 e 2009. O montante total de itens apreendidos aumentou entre 2006 a 2009 e um voo da França teve o maior número de apreensões, seguido de voos da África do Sul e Alemanha. Países foram agrupados em regiões ou continentes para facilitar a análise. Este agrupamento foi baseado em laços históricos e culturais em vez de relações geográficas. Frutos do mar foi o tipo de produto mais apreendido, seguido por produtos lácteos e carnes processadas ​​e cruas.Air transportation is one of the most important means to introduce illegally imported animal-origin products into a country. Studies have demonstrated that these items pose a risk of disseminating diseases. São Paulo Guarulhos International Airport (GRU / SBGR) is the main international airport in Brazil in terms of people movement and it has the largest number of seizures of animal-origin products. The aim of the present work was to describe the dynamics of the seizure of illegally imported animal-origin products in baggage from international flight passengers at GRU / SBGR Airport in Brazil. Five hundred and eighty-nine different flights from 43 airlines, arriving from 117 countries were analyzed between 2006 and 2009. The total number of seized items increased from 2006 to 2009 and a single flight from France had the highest number of seizures, followed by flights from South Africa and Germany. Countries were grouped into regions or continents to facilitate the analysis. This grouping was based on historical and cultural ties rather than geographical aspects. Seafood was the most frequently seized product, followed by dairy products, as well as processed and raw meat

Data on network of live cattle exports from Brazil

This report describes the network of live cattle exports from Brazil using Microsoft Office Excel® files, Terraview®, Maporama®, Pajek® and Google Maps® softwares. The database contains estimates obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and underwent descriptive, spatial and flow network. The network of live cattle exports from Brazil was determined using data from 27,517 Animal Transit Certificates (ATC) and 579 Veterinary Certificate for International Trade. International departure points, municipalities and states of origin, destination countries, purpose of export and compliance with sanitary requirements for exports, cattle movement and the main transportation corridors were showed through flow network. The states that exported live cattle were Pará, Rio Grande do Sul, Tocantins, São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Maranhão. Vila do Conde Port, located in Barcarena municipality in the state of Pará, was the main international departure point of animals, which were intended mostly for immediate slaughter in the importing country. The internal cattle transportation corridors of the main counties and farms that provide animals for exports in 2009 were mapped

Acute Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Pain Level, Functionality, and Rating of Exertion of Elderly Obese Knee Osteoarthritis Individuals: A Randomized Study

Introduction: Among chronic diseases, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a joint disease that causes important progressive alterations in the articular and periarticular structures, including synovial inflammation. Exercise has been suggested as an intervention to KOA individuals, and studies suggest that whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise decreases pain levels and favours the functionality of KOA individuals. Objective: The aim of the present study is to analyze the acute effects of WBV exercise on pain levels, functionality (Timed Up and Go (TUG test), anterior trunk flexion (ATF)), and rating of exertion of elderly obese KOA individuals. Methods: Thirty-seven individuals with KOA were allocated to a WBV exercise group (WBVEG), n = 19 (15 females/4 males), and a control group (CG), n = 18 (15 females/3 males). WBVEG performed one session of WBV exercise (11 min, using 5 Hz, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mm, 0.12, 0.25, and 0.37 g). Three bouts were performed (working time of 3 min and rest time of 1 min) using a side-alternating vibrating platform (VP). The same position was used in CG; however, the VP was turned off and there was equipment coupled to the VP that emitted a sound like the vibrations. The pain level was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was evaluated with a TUG test and ATF. The rating of subjectively perceived exertion was measured with the category ratio CR-10 (BORG Scale CR-10), Results: A reduction of pain levels in WBVEG after the intervention (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.041) was found. A decrease of TUG test time in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.045) was found, while no statistical changes were observed in the Borg Scale score. Significant improvements of flexibility in both groups (p = 0.001) and intergroups (p = 0.043) were found. Conclusion: One session of WBV exercise can lead to important improvements in individuals with KOA, possibly triggered by physiological responses. However, more studies are needed, in this clinical context, to confirm these results

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas&nbsp;Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável&nbsp;os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Mastitis and milk drop Syndrome : Leptospira interrogans infection in Santa Inês ewes from Distrito Federal

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre a mastite clínica e a infecção por Leptospira interrogans/Síndrome da queda do leite em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Examinaram-se 1000 ovelhas, em 12 fazendas do Distrito Federal, quanto à sua condição clínica, com o objetivo de detectar animais com mastite clínica. Considerando um estudo de caso controle, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles que apresentavam sinais de mastite clínica (G1) e os que não apresentavam sinais de mastite clínica (G2). Colheram-se amostras de sangue das ovelhas dos dois grupos e utilizou-se o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica para identificar aquelas soropositivas para Leptospira spp. Dos animais do primeiro grupo, quatro (4,08%) foram soropositivos para Leptospira spp, sendo três positivos para as sorovariedades Hardjoprajitno (Norma) e Hardjoprajitno (OMS) e um animal positivo para as sorovariedades Australis e Autumnalis. Dos animais do segundo grupo, dois (5,26%) foram soropositivos, ambos para as sorovariedades Hardjoprajitno (Norma) e Hardjoprajitno (OMS). Não foi observada relação entre a síndrome da queda do leite / infecção por Leptospira spp e a presença de mastite clínica nas ovelhas (p > 0,05). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of the present work was to determine the relationship between clinical mastitis and Leptospira interrogans / Milk Drop Syndrome in Santa Inês ewes. One thousand sheep were examined on 12 farms in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, as to their clinical condition, in order to identify animals with clinical mastitis. The animals were divided into two groups: animals which presented clinical mastitis symptoms (G1) and animals which did not have clinical mastitis symptoms (G2). Blood samples were collected from all ewes of the two groups. The microscopic agglutination test was performed in order to identify the seropositive animals to Leptospira spp. Four (4.08%) animals of the first group were seropositives to Leptospira spp., of which three were positives to Hardjoprajitno (Norma) and Hardjoprajitno (OMS) sorovars and one to both Australis and Autumnalis sorovars. In the second group, two (5.26%) animals were seropositives to both Hardjoprajitno (Norma) and Hardjoprajitno (OMS) sorovars. A relationship between Leptospira spp. infection / milk drop syndrome and the presence of clinical mastitis in ewes (p > 0.05) was not observed.Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária (FAV

Mastitis and milk drop Syndrome : Leptospira interrogans infection in Santa Inês ewes from Distrito Federal

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a relação entre a mastite clínica e a infecção por Leptospira interrogans/Síndrome da queda do leite em ovelhas da raça Santa Inês. Examinaram-se 1000 ovelhas, em 12 fazendas do Distrito Federal, quanto à sua condição clínica, com o objetivo de detectar animais com mastite clínica. Considerando um estudo de caso controle, os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: aqueles que apresentavam sinais de mastite clínica (G1) e os que não apresentavam sinais de mastite clínica (G2). Colheram-se amostras de sangue das ovelhas dos dois grupos e utilizou-se o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica para identificar aquelas soropositivas para Leptospira spp. Dos animais do primeiro grupo, quatro (4,08%) foram soropositivos para Leptospira spp, sendo três positivos para as sorovariedades Hardjoprajitno (Norma) e Hardjoprajitno (OMS) e um animal positivo para as sorovariedades Australis e Autumnalis. Dos animais do segundo grupo, dois (5,26%) foram soropositivos, ambos para as sorovariedades Hardjoprajitno (Norma) e Hardjoprajitno (OMS). Não foi observada relação entre a síndrome da queda do leite / infecção por Leptospira spp e a presença de mastite clínica nas ovelhas (p > 0,05). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe aim of the present work was to determine the relationship between clinical mastitis and Leptospira interrogans / Milk Drop Syndrome in Santa Inês ewes. One thousand sheep were examined on 12 farms in the Distrito Federal, Brazil, as to their clinical condition, in order to identify animals with clinical mastitis. The animals were divided into two groups: animals which presented clinical mastitis symptoms (G1) and animals which did not have clinical mastitis symptoms (G2). Blood samples were collected from all ewes of the two groups. The microscopic agglutination test was performed in order to identify the seropositive animals to Leptospira spp. Four (4.08%) animals of the first group were seropositives to Leptospira spp., of which three were positives to Hardjoprajitno (Norma) and Hardjoprajitno (OMS) sorovars and one to both Australis and Autumnalis sorovars. In the second group, two (5.26%) animals were seropositives to both Hardjoprajitno (Norma) and Hardjoprajitno (OMS) sorovars. A relationship between Leptospira spp. infection / milk drop syndrome and the presence of clinical mastitis in ewes (p > 0.05) was not observed