Development of a thermal conductivity map of Stockholm

New methods have been suggested to spatially extend in situ thermal response test (TRT) assessments based on geostatistical analysis. These methods can be used to determine a stochastic distribution of the subsurface thermal conductivity beyond the test borehole on larger scales by interpolating the data with geostatistics, including sequential Gaussian simulations (SGS) used in the present study. This paper presents a simulated thermal conductivity map for Greater Stockholm in Sweden, based on the SGS method with input data from in situ measurements (TRT and DTRT). The geology of Stockholm is used as a background raster in the simulations, based on bedrock maps from the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU). The resulting maps are compared with a point map of punctual ground thermal conductivity of Greater Stockholm earlier derived by SGU, compiled from laboratory data that were obtained by thermal conductivity scanning and modal analysis of surface rock specimens of the area

Proterozoic crustal growth along the Archaean continental margin in the Luleå and Jokkmokk areas, northern Sweden

Den Arkeisk-Proterozoiska plattgränsen i norra Sverige har undersökts med hjälp utav fältarbete med både berggrundskartering och provtagning för geokemisk och isotopgeokemisk analys. Gränsen har studerats i både Luleå och Jokkmokkområdena för att man där skall kunna dra gränsen mer i detalj. Sm-Nd isotoper har används som ett verktyg för att se om de provtagna bergarterna innehåller spår utav den äldre (Arkeiska) eller är är bildade i en yngre (Proterozoisk) miljö. Det har visat sig att övergången är relativt skarp i Luleåområdet men gradiell i Jokkmokkområdet. En arbetsmodell har varit att det yngre materialet i söder har kolliderat med den äldre kontinenten under den sk Svekofenniska orogenesen. Detta resulterade i att de södra delarna sköts upp ovanpå det äldre. Prov tagna av bergarter som är bildade både före och efter denna kollision har visat att modellen inte förändrats snarare styrkts. För att förklara de processer som var verksamma under tiden som bergarterna bildades så har en del detaljstudier bedrivits i huvudsak i trakterna kring Luleå. Arbetet presenteras i sju stycken artiklar som behandlar både små och storskalig problematik.Godkänd; 1999; 20061117 (haneit

Proterozoic crustal growth along the Archaean continental margin in the Luleå area, northern Sweden

Godkänd; 1997; 20070418 (ysko

Localization of human neutrophil interleukin-8 (CXCL-8) to organelle(s) distinct from the classical granules and secretory vesicles.

Mature human neutrophils contain small amounts of interleukin-8 [CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8)], which upon proinflammatory activation, increases significantly. It has been suggested that the CXCL-8 content of resting human neutrophils is stored in the secretory vesicles. Here, we have used a fractionation technique, which allows isolation of these vesicles, and we find that CXCL-8 neither colocalizes with the secretory vesicles nor with markers of any of the classical neutrophil granules. To increase resolution in the system, we induced CXCL-8 production by lipopolysaccharide. After 8 h of stimulation, CXCL-8 was visualized within the cell using immunoelectron microscopy. The images revealed CXCL-8-containing stuctures resembling neutrophil granules, and these were distinct from all known neutrophil organelles, as shown by double immunostaining. Further, the CXCL-8 organelle was present in nonstimulated neutrophil cytoplasts, entities lacking all other known granules and secretory vesicles. Upon fractionation of the cytoplasts, CXCL-8 was found to partly cofractionate with calnexin, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Thus, part of CXCL-8 may be localized to the ER or ER-like structures in the neutrophil

Cytochalasin B triggers a novel pertussis toxin sensitive pathway in TNF-alpha primed neutrophils

Background: Cytochalasin B does not directly activate the oxygen-radical-producing NADPH oxidase activity of neutrophils but transfers desensitized G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) into an active signaling state by uncoupling GCPR from the cytoskeleton. The receptor uncoupling results in respiratory burst activity when signals generated by reactivated formyl peptide receptors trigger the NADPH-oxidase to produce superoxide anions. Results Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) primes neutrophils for subsequent activation by cytochalasin B. Pretreatment with TNF-alpha induced mobilization of receptor-storing neutrophil organelles, suggesting that receptor up-regulation significantly contributes to the response, but the receptor mobilization was not sufficient for induction of the cytochalasin B sensitive state. The TNF-alpha primed state resembled that of the desensitized non-signaling state of agonist-occupied neutrophil formyl peptide receptors. The fact that the TNF-alpha primed, cytochalasin B-triggered activation process was pertussis toxin sensitive suggests that the activation process involves a GPCR. Based on desensitization experiments the unidentified receptor was found to be distinct from the C5a receptor as well as the formyl peptide receptor family members FPR and FPRL1. Based on the fact the occupied and desensitized receptors for interleukin-8 and platelet activating factor could not be reactivated by cytochalasin B, also these could be excluded as receptor candidates involved in the TNF-alpha primed state. Conclusions The TNF-alpha-induced priming signals could possibly trigger a release of an endogenous GPCR-agonist, amplifying the response to the receptor-uncoupling effect of cytochalasin B. However, no such substance could be found, suggesting that TNF-alpha can transfer G-protein coupled receptors to a signaling state independently of agonist binding.Medicine, Faculty ofPediatrics, Department ofNon UBCReviewedFacult