4 research outputs found
Callus formation inAnthurium magnificum Linden
Anthurium magnificum Linden is a very popular ornamental plant due to its beautiful foliage.In this species, traditional propagation methods are not practical for its large-scale production,and there are no studies in the scientific literature on itsin vitro culture. The objective ofthis work was to achieve the formation of callus inAnthurium magnificum Linden. For this,the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and two types of explant (leaf sections andpetiole sections) was evaluated. The results showed that the highest percentages ofcallus formation were obtained in the petiole sections with 100% in all treatments. Thefoliar sections showed lower percentages of callus formation in relation to the petiole. Thecallus formed from both explants were translucent, with a watery appearance and ayellowish-white color, characteristics that are evidence of non-regenerable callus. However,plants were regenerated from callus formed from petioles sections. It was shown that it ispossible to form callus in this species. In this sense, the highest percentage and growth ofcallus were reached when sections of petioles and 0.3 mg l-1 2,4-D in the culture mediumwere used. This research constitutes the first scientific report on thein vitro culture ofthis specie
FormaciĂłn de callos en Anthurium magnificum Linden
Anthurium magnificum Linden is a very popular ornamental plant due to its beautiful foliage. In this species, traditional propagation methods are not practical for its large-scale production, and there are no studies in the scientific literature on its in vitro culture. The objective of this work was to achieve the formation of callus in Anthurium magnificum Linden. For this, the effect of different concentrations of 2,4-D and two types of explant (leaf sections and petiole sections) was evaluated. The results showed that the highest percentages of callus formation were obtained in the petiole sections with 100% in all treatments. The foliar sections showed lower percentages of callus formation in relation to the petiole. The callus formed from both explants were translucent, with a watery appearance and a yellowish-white color, characteristics that are evidence of non-regenerable callus. However, plants were regenerated from callus formed from petioles sections. It was shown that it is possible to form callus in this species. In this sense, the highest percentage and growth of callus were reached when sections of petioles and 0.3 mg l-1 2,4-D in the culture medium were used. This research constitutes the first scientific report on the in vitro culture of this species.Anthurium magnificum Linden es una planta ornamental con gran popularidad debido a su hermoso follaje. En esta especie los mĂ©todos de propagaciĂłn tradicionales no resultan prácticos para su producciĂłn a gran escala, y no se encuentran estudios en la literatura cientĂfica sobre su cultivo in vitro. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo lograr la formaciĂłn de callos en Anthurium magnificum Linden. Para ello, se evaluĂł el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de 2,4-D y dos tipos de explante (secciones foliares y secciones de pecĂolos). Los resultados mostraron que los mayores porcentajes de formaciĂłn de callos se obtuvieron en las secciones de pecĂolos con un 100% en todos los tratamientos. Las secciones foliares mostraron menores porcentajes de formaciĂłn de callos en relaciĂłn con el pecĂolo. Los callos formados a partir de ambos explantes fueron traslĂşcidos, de apariencia acuosa y coloraciĂłn blanco-amarillenta, caracterĂstica que son evidencia de callos no regenerables. No obstante, los callos formados a partir de secciones de pecĂolos lograron regenerar plantas. Se demostrĂł que es posible formar callos en esta especie. En este sentido, el mayor porcentaje y crecimiento de los callos se alcanzĂł cuando se emplearon secciones de pecĂolos y 0.3 mg l-1 de 2,4-D en el medio de cultivo. Esta investigaciĂłn constituye el primer informe cientĂfico sobre el cultivo in vitro de esta especie
Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study
Summary
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally.
Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies
have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of
the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income
countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.
Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to
hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis,
exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a
minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical
status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary
intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause,
in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status.
We did a complete case analysis.
Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital
diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal
malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome
countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male.
Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3).
Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income
countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups).
Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome
countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries;
p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients
combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11],
p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20
[1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention
(ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety
checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed
(ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of
parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65
[0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality.
Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome,
middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will
be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger
than 5 years by 2030
CoCoNet: Towards coast to coast networks of marine protected areas (From the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential
This volume contains the main results of the EC FP7 "The Ocean of Tomorrow" Project CoCoNet, divided in two sections: 1) a set of guidelines to design networks of Marine Protected Areas in the Mediterranean and the Black Seas; 2) a smart wind chart that will allow evaluating the possibility of installing Offshore Wind Farms in both seas. The concept of Cells of Ecosystem Functioning, based on connectivity, is introduced to define natural units of management and conservation. The definition of Good Environmental Status, as defined in the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, is fully embraced to set the objectives of the project, by adopting a holistic approach that integrates a full set of disciplines, ranging from physics to bio-ecology, economics, engineering and many sub-disciplines. The CoCoNet Consortium involved scientist sfrom 22 states, based in Africa, Asia, and Europe, contributing to build a coherent scientific community