Additional file 6: Table S5. of Retinoic acid and TGF-β signalling cooperate to overcome MYCN-induced retinoid resistance

Top 100 ITRs per treatment, as identified by IPA from the RNA-seq data. (XLSX 100 kb

Az EOS 2D/3D System alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata a szabad alsó végtag anatómiai és biomechanikai paramétereinek mérésére gyermekkorban | Evaluation of the usefulness of the EOS 2D/3D system for the measurement of lower limbs anatomical and biomechanical parameters in children

Bevezetés: Az alsó végtag anatómiai és biomechanikai paraméterei számos gyermekortopédiai betegség kulcstényezői, így pontos mérésük elengedhetetlen. Célkitűzés: A szerzők célja a rendelkezésükre álló 3D rekonstrukcióra képes képalkotó eszköz, az EOS 2D/3D System gyermekkori alkalmazhatóságának vizsgálata volt. Módszer: A 2–16 éves korcsoportba tartozó 523 egyén 3D modellezését végezték el, akiknél az alsó végtag biomechanikáját befolyásoló eltérés nem igazolódott. Az adatok statisztikai feldolgozásához intraclass korrelációs vizsgálatot, páros t-próbát, Spearman-korrelációt, illetve Welch-tesztet alkalmaztak. Eredmények: A megbízhatósági vizsgálat során az operátor minden paraméter esetében kiváló eredményt ért el. A képalkotás során alkalmazott előrelépett pozíció egyedül a sagittalis tibifemoralis szögnél okozott eltérést. A szerzők által vizsgált összes paraméter összefüggést mutatott a korral és a nemmel. Ezzel szemben a magassággal nem mutatott összefüggést a collodiaphysealis szög, a csípő-térd eltolódás és a femoralis és tibialis torzió. Következtetések: Az EOS-technológia alkalmas módszernek bizonyult az alsó végtag anatómiai paramétereinek mérésére gyermekkorban. Ezek változása összefügg a nemmel és a korral egyaránt. Orv., Hetil., 2014, 155(43), 1701–1711. | Introduction: Lower limbs anatomical and biomechanical parameters are essential in several paediatric orthopaedic disease, which makes their exact measurement necessary. Aim: The aim of the author was to evaluate the reliability of the EOS 2D/3D System, a 3D reconstruction capable imaging device in children. Method: 3D reconstructions were performed in 523 cases aged between 2 and 16 years in whom no abnormality influencing lower limbs biomechanics was observed. For statistical analysis intraclass correlation, paired-samples t-test, Spearman-correlation and Welch-test were used. Results: Excellent results were found for all parameters in reliability test used by the operator. The step-forward position used during the examination influenced the sagittal tibiofemoral angle only. All examined parameters showed significant correlation with age and gender. Height correlated with neck-shaft angle, hip-knee shift, femoral and tibial torsion only. Conclusions: The EOS technology proved to be an appropriate method to measure lower limbs anatomical parameters in children. Changes in these parameters during development correlated with age and gender. Orv., Hetil., 2014, 155(43), 1701–1711

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotype characteristics in different study groups before antiviral treatment.

<p>The distribution of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets was similar between study groups. Absolute monocyte count was significantly increased in rapid virological responders compared to early and non-responder patients. Results are expressed as mean±SE.</p>*<p>p<0,05.</p

The effect of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin treatment on Th1/Th2 cytokine production by PMA/Ionomycin stimulated PBMC.

<p>a. IFN-γ production was significantly increased in complete early virological responders during antiviral treatment compared to pretreatment levels and also to null-responders. b. After 4 and 12 weeks of antiviral treatment, a transient increase in IL-2 production was observed in all study groups. c. PEG-IFN plus RBV resulted in decreased IL-6 production in both rapid and complete early virological responders, had a transient effect in null-responders. d. After 24 weeks of treatment, significantly decreased TNF-α production was found in complete early virological responders. e. f. While PEG-IFN/RBV treatment significantly decreased IL-4 and IL-10 levels in complete early virological responders, null-responders showed significantly increased IL-10 production at week 12 or 24. (*p<0,05; **p<0,01).</p

Th2 cytokine production by PMA/Ionomycin stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

<p>Prior to therapy, IL-4 and IL-10 production was significantly lower in patients who had subsequent rapid viral decline after 4 weeks of treatment compared to non-SVR group. Baseline Th2 cytokine production did not differ between complete early responders and null-responders (Fig. 4a,b). SVR patients associated with significantly lower baseline IL-10 production compared to non-SVR patients (Fig. 4d).</p

The effect of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin treatment on TNF-α and IL-6 production by TLR-4 stimulated monocytes.

<p>After 12 weeks of PEG-IFN plus RBV treatment, the proinflammatory cytokine production of TLR-4 stimulated monocytes was significantly increased in complete early virological responders compared to null-responder patients. Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine levels showed no changes and remained low in null-responders throughout antiviral therapy. In contrast to cEVR in RVR patients, proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes was significantly decreased after 4 weeks of treatment (*p<0,05; **p<0,01 compared to baseline values).</p

Pretreatment proinflammatory cytokine production by Toll-like receptor 4 stimulated monocytes.

<p>Prior to antiviral treatment, TLR-4 agonist induced TNF-α and IL-6 production by peripheral blood monocytes was significantly higher in later rapid virological responder CHC patients (RVR n = 14) compared to complete early virological responders (cEVR n = 19), null-responders (NR n = 17) or healthy controls (HC n = 20) (Fig. 1a,b). Baseline TLR-4 agonist induced proinflammatory cytokine production was similar in cEVR and NR groups. Sustained virological responders (SVR) had significantly higher baseline TNF-α production compared to patients without SVR (non-SVR).</p

Patients’ baseline characteristics.

<p>Baseline HCV RNA levels were significantly lower in rapid virological responders (RVR) compared to complete early virological responders (cEVR) and null-responders (NR). Pretreatment histology and ALT did not differ significantly between study groups. Results are expressed as mean±SE (*p<0,05; **p<0,01).</p><p>(SVR = sustained virological response, BMI = body mass index, HAI = Knodell histological activity index, ALT = alanine amino transferase).</p