Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus by Chromogenic in Situ Hybridization Method in Liquid-Based Cervicovaginal Cytology Specimens with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer after breast cancer in women worldwide. Owing to comprehensive cervical screening programs, a significant decrease has been observed in the incidence of invasive cervical cancers. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the underlying etiology in 99.7% of the cases of cervical cancer and is a major risk factor for the development of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions. Chromogenic in situ hybridization method (CISH) is one of the methods used to detect high risk HPV in liquid -based smears. Aims: In this study, we conducted an archive search in the department of pathology and we used chromogenic in situ hybridization technique to investigate whether HPV DNA was present in liquid -based smears  of 68 patients who had been  found to have atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and whether a cervical intraepithelial lesion was present in the biopsy samples of patients who were positive for HPV DNA.Methods and Material:. We prepared additional samples from liquid -based preparations obtained by the ThinPrep method. The CISH procedure was performed on the Benchmark Automated Slide Stainer (Ventana) according to the manufacturer’s standard protocol.Results and Conclusions: We found HPV DNA in  the samples of 10 patients by using INFORM HPV III high risk (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 68, and 70) (Ventana, Tucson, AZ) probe, with CISH method on each additional sample, and biopsy  results of the respective  patients, indicated  low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LGSIL) in 8 patients and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) in 2 cases. Keywords: Human papillomavirus, chromogenic in situ hybridization, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/80-10 Publication date:September 30th 202

Comparison of HER-2 Amplification with Clinicopathological and Prognostic Parameters in Metastatic Gastric Carcinomas

Introduction: HER2 overexpression is present in 7 to 34% of gastric carcinomas. Several studies have demonstrated associations between HER2 overexpression and clinicopathological variables, including tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and intestinal morphology. HER2 overexpression has been linked to shorter survival. Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of HER2 overexpression in patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma referred to our clinic, to assess HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and to demonstrate potential associations between HER2 expression and histopathological parameters. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed archival samples from 120 patients diagnosed with metastatic gastric carcinoma between 2015 and 2019 and tested for HER2 status. Samples had been obtained by endoscopic biopsy in 84 patients and gastric resection in 36 patients, whereas 36 patients were diagnosed in other health facilities and were referred to our department for consulting. Hematoxylin-eosin stained preparations were reassessed, and diagnoses were confirmed based on World Health Organization (WHO), and Lauren classifications and HER2 results were compared to previous results. HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or silver in situ hybridization (SISH) in available paraffin-embedded tumor sections. Associations between HER2 expression levels and age, sex, tumor location,  size and histological type of the tumor, lymphovascular,  perineural and perinodal invasion and perinodal invasion, lymph node metastasis, and site of metastasis. Results: 84 (70%) out of 120 patients with metastatic gastric carcinoma were male, and 36  (30%) were female, and the mean age was  60.7 years  (age range: 21-90 years).  84 patients had undergone an endoscopic biopsy, and 36 patients had undergone gastric resection, whereas 39 patients were diagnosed in other health facilities and were referred to our department for consulting. In total 31(25.8%) out of 120 subjects tested positive for HER2 overexpression Comparisons of histological patterns, according to Lauren's classification, indicated that intestinal type was predominant in both groups, and none of the diffuse gastric carcinomas was HER2 positive. A statistically significant intergroup difference was found with respect to the prevalence of diffuse gastric carcinoma (p=0.03). Conclusion: In our study, HER-2 gene amplification (25.8%) is compatible with the literature. Her2 positive tumors were mostly located proximally and were not observed in diffuse type. In this respect, they were found statistically significant. Keywords:Her2,SISH,Gastric  Carcinoma Original Article: DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/79-07 Publication date:August 31st 202

Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome following Phacoemulsification Secondary to Overdose of Intracameral Gentamicin

Objective. To report a case of toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) that was caused by inadvertent anterior chamber and cornea stromal injection with high dose gentamicin following cataract surgery. Methods. Case report. Results. We report a 72-year-old female patient who developed TASS that was caused by high dose gentamicin (20 mg/0.5 mL), which was inadvertently used during the formation of the anterior chamber and hydration of the corneal incision. Unlike previous cases, hyphema and hemorrhagic fibrinous reaction were seen in the anterior chamber. Despite treatment, bullous keratopathy developed and penetrating keratoplasty was performed. The excised corneal button was sent for histopathological examination. Conclusions. Subconjunctival gentamicin is highly toxic to the corneal endothelium and anterior chamber structures. Including it on the surgical table carries a potentially serious risk for contamination of the anterior chamber

Laryngeal Granular Cell Tumor; Rare Location

Granular cell tumors are benign subcutaneous or submucosal lesions of neurogenic origin. In this case study one patient was diagnosed and treated successfully with complete surgical resection of a laryngeal granular cell tumor that was originated from the left arytenoid region that very rare location. There is no evidence of recurrence 2 years after surgery. Granular cell tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of laryngeal masses, particularly in the posterior glottis