“Hot” and active particles in alluvial soils and sediments of the Yenisei river: Radioisotope composition

New data on abundance and isotope composition of “hot” and active particles in alluvial soils and sediments of the Yenisei river (Krasnoyarsk region, Russia), located in a near influence zone of the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Processing Plant (KMCPP), are presented in this study. On a set of gamma-emitting radioisotopes all “hot” particles can be divided on three groups: 1. monoisotopic (137Cs, 60Co); 2. two-isotopic (137Cs and 134Cs); 3. polyisotopic (137Cs, 134Cs, 60Co, 154Eu, 155Eu and 241Am). Very significant is the absence of 152Eu in all polyisotopic particles whereas in soils this isotope is often predominant. The active particles are presented by the several polyisotopic types, containing: 1. 154Eu, 155Eu, 137Cs, 60Co and 241Am; 2. 154Eu, 155Eu, 137Cs and 241Am; 3. 152Eu, 154Eu, 155Eu, 60Co and 241Am and monoisotopic (60Co and 137Cs). Presence of the active particles containing all isotopes, except of 137Cs, and particles without 152Eu and 60Co is interesting. Some active particles due to their set of radioisotopes can be referred to the finely dispersed fragments of the “hot” particles. However, the majority of them have the nature distinct from the “hot” particles

O gulag e a literatura de gulag: um balanço das pesquisas

This paper presents an overview of recent and old debates on the literature created in Soviet concentration camp complexes (gulags), and examines books, conferences, research institutions and memory organizations dedicated to the matter. The article concludes with the observation that studies on the distinctiveness of Gulag literature are still scarce