548 research outputs found
Insights from Survivors and Latino Professional Counselors Providing Interventions to Latino Children Affected by Domestic Violence: Implications for Culturally Responsive Interventions and Professional Training
There is a growing need for intervention models for Latino families experiencing psycho-social issues resulting from domestic violence, given the growth of this population and their experience with this issue. The model needs to be inclusive of culturally attuned interventions, culturally proficiency training for professional counselors, and organizational protocols that will ensure implementation. This investigation included Study I which examined the effectiveness of a culturally responsive therapeutic intervention on a sample of Latino children ages 5-12, โCaritas de Esperanzaโ. As was hypothesized, children in the experimental group increased their resiliency self-efficacy, self-esteem, and decreased conduct problems and negative emotional symptoms compared to the group that did not receive the intervention. Findings indicate that โCaritas de Esperanzaโ is a promising intervention with major implications for practitioners working with this specific population. Study II included face-to-face interviews with 21 parents whose children had completed โCaritas de Esperanzaโ intervention and 8 interviews with Latino professional counselors to explore 1) what guides parentsโ decisions to enroll their children in counseling 2) what are their expectations of counselors, the intervention, and the agency that provides the counseling and 3) what are the most important values of Latino parents and those specific values that discourage the use of violence and help overcome problems. Findings from the two studies and results could inform future cultural proficient training for professionals in the counseling field and an overall model for working with Latino families in the context of domestic violence
Christian Connections
This project explored the many different ways Christianity connects to various topics and how Christianity is doing in the modern times. The main topics included how Christianity connects to science, America, and the modern day. Research has shown that Christianity had significant impact on the early days of modern science, with many great scientists being Christian themselves. Americaโs foundation was heavily based on Christianity, such as laws and the society at the time. But, now that Christian influence that once was, has decreased a considerable amount and worldwide Christian persecution is at an all time high
Improving Stroke Documentation on a Stroke Unit
The aim of this project is to improve adherence of stroke documentation per stroke protocols on a stroke unit at an acute hospital setting through nursing education and EPIC modifications. A comprehensive retrospective data collection was done to determine the inconsistencies of nursing documentation per organizational protocols. Firstly, a randomized sample of 163 stroke patients (Site 1 = 98; Site 2 = 65) was generated for retrospective data collection. For this project, the main focus was Site 1 (n = 98). The sample from Site 1 consisted of 4 types of stroke patients, which were patients who either received alteplase (TPA= 19); did not receive alteplase (NTPA= 34); had Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke (ICH= 30); or were suspected of stroke/ Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA= 15). Next, stroke chart audits were done to determine whether or not the nursing documentation was consistent per stroke protocol. The goal of this retrospective data analysis was to recognize areas where there are charting inconsistencies; lacks of adherence to the organizationโs stroke protocols, and recommend interventions to improve nursing stroke documentation. Results from this retrospective data analysis demonstrate the need to educate nurses on the importance of accurate and consistent documentation along with the legal implications if non- compliant with standard protocols. In addition, there is a need to modify EPIC to enforce stroke protocols and increase nursesโ compliance rates
Social-Emotional Learning Icebreakers
Youth Alliance is a non-profit organization located in Hollister, California. GUIAS is a program that encompasses youth leadership, supports, and guides students to become socially responsible and emotionally stable to confront challenges. San Benito High School (SBHS) is one of the many schools that GUIAS focuses on in social-emotional learning among students through case management. It is important for students to be aware of their social, emotional, and cognitive development challenges and coping mechanisms. The problem addressed is that students ages 8-18 do not understand the importance of Social-Emotional Learning. Some contributing factors to this are that studentsโ culture leads to discrimination and isolation, students are socially disadvantaged, psychological trauma, and lack of parent involvement. Without addressing these contributing factors later in life it can lead to severe consequences such as being less likely to get support for mental health, low achieving academic performance, and low-self esteem. For this same reason, the development of the Social-Emotional Learning Ice Breakers (SELIB) was created to address the issue of case management establishing a relationship with clients. The SELIB is intended to be used when case managers are working with clients and have a deep and meaningful conversation. The project\u27s findings concluded that 85% of the students that were served in case management at SBHS showed an improvement in finding coping mechanisms in regards to anxiety and depression. There needs to be a larger scope of students to identify how the SELIB has impacted them in the long term
Conozca sus Derechos Como Rentero
Building Healthy Communities- East Salinas is funded by The California Endowment, which is a statewide nonprofit foundation. The BHCโs main goal is to work alongside residents and community-based organizations to work on community participation and leadership to create a healthier community for the residents of East Salinas. Currently, East Salinas tenants are victims of illegal rental practices. Conozca sus derechos como rentero booklet created, an educational booklet and flyer highlighting tenantsโ rights. Factors that contribute to the victimization of the residents include the language barrier, lack of knowledge on laws and their legal status. The goal is to educate tenants on their rights and awareness of housing agencies within the community. During this project, 15 booklets, 49 Spanish and 49 English flyers were distributed to the community. Recommendations for the agency would be to create a forum to discuss the issue at a higher level to reach a larger audience and to distribute more booklets. This issue around community members falling victims to malpractices when it comes to renting can also be taken to the city so that the issue could be addressed by city council
Creating Sustainable Research Consultation Assessment Using Multiple Methods
This poster was presented at the 2018 Library Assessment Conference.Texas A&M Subject Librarians use a research consultation setting to teach engineering student teams information literacy related to the teamโs professional project. The purpose of this study is to determine the best method for librarians to use on an ongoing basis to assess the effectiveness of the research consultations with the teams. In order to determine which assessment technique would be sustainable in the long-term, we used four different data collection methods over two semesters. This poster presents our findings in the form of lessons learned and best practices for each of the four assessment methods: one-minute papers, focus groups, interviews, and questionnaires. The significance of this study is the comparison between multiple data collection methods to determine the best method for continued assessment of the research consultations. Sustainable assessment requires an understanding of oneโs institutional context. Our findings can assist other libraries in balancing time and resources to collect data for long-term research consultation assessment
An Evaluation of Methods to Assess Team Research Consultations
Due to the individualized nature of consultations and institutional constraints, research consultations can be challenging to assess. At Texas A&M University Libraries, subject librarians use research consultations to teach information literacy to upper-division engineering student teams working on a technical paper project. This paper describes an action research project designed to evaluate which assessment method for consultations with student teams would provide the most actionable data about the instruction and the consultation logistics as well as optimize librarian time. Each assessment method had strengths and weaknesses. The one-minute papers provided the best responses about the effectiveness of the instruction when questions were framed positively, but required the most staff buy-in to distribute. The team process interviews were time intensive, but provided an essential understanding of how students think about and prepare for each progress report. Recruiting for and scheduling the focus groups required more time and effort than the data collected about the instruction and logistics warranted. The questionnaire provided student perspectives about their learning after the assignment had been completed, collected feedback about the logistics of the consultations, was easy to modify each semester, and required minimal librarian time.
The questionnaire, which allowed us to collect data on the instruction and consultation logistics, was the most suitable assessment method for us
Nicotiana benthamiana์์์ Ralstonia solanacearum ์ดํํฐ RipB์ ๋ณ์์ฑ ๋ฐ ๋น๋ณ์์ฑ ํน์ฑ ์ฐ๊ตฌ
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ (์์ฌ) -- ์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ : ๋์
์๋ช
๊ณผํ๋ํ ์๋ฌผ์์ฐ๊ณผํ๋ถ(์์๊ณผํ์ ๊ณต), 2021. 2. Kang Byoung CheorlCecile SegonzacHuh Jin Hoe.์๋ฌผ์ ๋ด์ฌ๋ ๋ฉด์ญ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ๋ณ์๊ท ์ ๊ฐ์งํ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ํ๋ค. Pattern
recognition receptor ์ ์ํ pathogen-associated molecular pattern ์ ์ธ์์
PAMP-triggered immunity(PTI)๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค. ํด๋น ๋ฉด์ญ๋ฐ์์ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ
ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
์ ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๋ค์ํ ์ ์ ์์ ๋ฐํ๋ณํ๋ฅผ ํฌํจํ๋ค. ๋ณ์๊ท ์
์๋ฌผ์ ์ด๋ฌํ ๋ฉด์ญ๋ฐ์์ ํผํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๋ณ์์ฑ ์ธ์๋ค์ ์์ฐํ๋ค.
๋ํ์ ์ผ๋ก type III secretion system ์ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ ์ธํฌ ๋ด๋ก ์ง์ ์ฃผ์
๋๋
์ดํํฐ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง(type-III effector, T3E)์ด ์๋ค. ์ด ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ์๋ฌผ์์ effectortriggered susceptibility ๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ค. ํ์ง๋ง ์๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ์ง ์ ํญ์ฑ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ํน์
์ดํํฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ์ฌ effector-triggered immunity ๋ฐ์์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์จ๋ค. ์ด ๊ฐํ ๋ฉด์ญ
๋ฐ์์ ์ธํฌ ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ํํ๋ก ๋ํ๋๋ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ์ฑ ๋ฐ์์ ์ผ์ผํจ๋ค. Ralstonia
solanacearum(Rso)์ ๊ฐ์ง๊ณผ ์๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ํ๋ง๋ฆ๋ณ์ ์ผ์ผํค๋ ๋ณ์๊ท ์ด๋ค.
Rso ๋ Ralstonia-injected protein(Rip)์ด๋ผ๋ ๋ค์ํ ์ดํํฐ๋ค์ ์๋ฌผ ๋ด๋ก
์ฃผ์
ํ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ์ผ์ ์ด์งํ๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ ํ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ํด๋ก๋ํ 50 ๊ฐ์
์ดํํฐ ์ค ์ธํฌ์ฌ๋ฉธ์ ์ผ์ผํค์ง ์๋ 36 ๊ฐ์ ์ดํํฐ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ณํ์ฌ ์๋ฌผ์ PTI
signaling ์ ๋ฏธ์น๋ ์ํฅ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ๋ด๋ฐฐ(Nicotiana benthamiana)์
์ผ์์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ฐํ(transient expression)์์ผฐ๋ค. ์ด ์ดํํฐ๋ค ์ค ์ผ๋ถ๋ flg22
๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ด ์ ๋ํ๋ ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
์ ์์ฐ์ ์ ํดํ๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ฌ๋ค.
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒ๋ ์ดํํฐ ์ค ํ๋์ธ RipB ์ 4 ๊ฐ์ allele ๋ค ์ค 3 ๊ฐ๋ ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
์
์์ฑ์ ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ ํ ์ต์ ํ์๋ค. ์ ์ ์ ์์ด๋ถ์๊ณผ ํค๋ฉ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์ฉํ์ฌ RipB ์ ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
์์ฑ ์ต์ ๊ฐ ์ด 3 ๊ฐ์ง์ RipB allele ๋ค์ C-terminal
domain ๊ณผ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์์ ํ์ธํ์๋ค. RipB ๋ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์๋ฌผ ์ธ๊ท ์ธ Xantomonas
์ Pseudomonas ์ ์ดํํฐ์ธ XopQ ์ HopQ1 ์ homolog ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ด๋ค. ์ด ๋
์ดํํฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ํ๋ ์ ํญ์ฑ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ธ Roq1 ์ ๋ฐํ์ด ์ต์ ๋ ์๋ฌผ์์๋ RipB
allele ๋ค์ C-terminal ๋ถ๋ถ์ด ์ธ์์ด ๋์ง ์์์ง๋ง, ์ฌ์ ํ ํ์ฑ์ฐ์์ข
์
์์ฑ์ด ์ต์ ๋์๋ค. ์ด๋ฌํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ค์ ์ข
ํฉํด ๋ณผ ๋, RipB ๋ ์๋ฌผ์
๋ฉด์ญ๋ฐ์์ ์กฐ์ ํ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ผ๋ก ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ด๋ค ๊ฒฝ๋ก๋ฅผ ํตํด
๊ธฐ๋ฅํ๋์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ๊ธฐ ์ํ ์ถ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.Plants rely on innate immunity to perceive and ward off
potential pathogens. The perception of pathogen-associated molecular
patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors leads to PAMPtriggered immunity (PTI) and involves a rapid and strong production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and massive gene expression change.
To circumvent PTI, bacteria produce different classes of virulence
factors, in particular type-III secreted effectors (T3E) which are
injected into the host cell, thereby providing effector-triggered
susceptibility. However, plants possess resistance proteins (R) that
recognize the T3Es and initiate the effector-triggered immunity. This
triggers a strong defense response which can lead to localized cell
death termed hypersensitive response. Ralstonia solanacearum (Rso),
the causal agent of bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops, is one of the
most destructive plant bacterial pathogens. Rso injects an array of
effector proteins called Rips (Ralstonia-injected proteins) via its type
III secretion system to promote infection. However, the function of
these effectors in plant cells remains mostly unknown.
In this study, I selected 36 Rips from 50 previously cloned that
are not causing cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana to
test their effect on PTI signaling. Transient expression of the selected
Rips in N. benthamiana shows that several Rips could disturb ROS
production triggered by the bacterial PAMP flg22. Interestingly among
the four RipB alleles present in this screen, three could almost
completely suppress flg22-triggered ROS, whereas one could not.
Sequence comparison and design of chimeric constructs revealed that
the differential effect of RipB on flg22-triggered ROS production
might be due to the C-terminal domain, present in the three RipB
alleles suppressing flg22-triggered ROS. RipB shares close homology
with the Xantomonas and Pseudomonas effector protein XopQ and
HopQ1, respectively, which are recognized by the plant resistance
protein Roq1. In Roq1 silenced plants, the RipB allele with the Cterminal region could not be recognized although it could still suppress
flg22-triggered ROS production. Together these results give a glimpse
of how RipB alleles are modulating the immune responses in N.
benthamiana, however, more studies are needed to understand the
pathway it follows.ABSTRACTฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮi
CONTENTS ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ iv
LIST OF TABLES ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮvi
LIST OF FIGURES ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ ix
INTRODUCTION ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 1
MATERIAL AND METHODSฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ6
Plant materials ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 6
Agrobacterium tumeraciences-mediated transient expression
assays (agroinfiltration) ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 6
Measurement of ROS production ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ7
Semiquantitative RT-PCR/ quantitative PCR ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 8
Western blotting ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 9
Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 10
Cell death quantification ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 10
RESULTS ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ 13
Screening for Ralstonia solanacearum effectors that
modulate plant PTI responses ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ13
RipB alleles modulate flg22 but not chitin-triggered ROS
burst ฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ18
RipB alleles are differentially recognized in N.
benthamianaฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ19
Determination of the RipB domain required for flg22-
induced ROS burst suppression and/or recognition in N.
benthamianaฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ26
Roq1 silencing in N.benthamiana to assess in Roq1
recognition of RipB effectors is the reason for ROS burst
suppressionฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ33
DISCUSSIONฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ40
REFERENCESฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ46
ABSTRACT IN KOREANฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮฮ65Maste
- โฆ