Major reproductive disorders on Jersey breed dairy cattle at Adea Berga dairy farm, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

Reproductive efficiency of dairy cows is influenced by different factors including gene, season, age, production system, nutrition, management, environment anddisease. This study was conducted with the objectives of determining the   prevalence of reproductive disorders and evaluates reproductive performances of Jersey dairy cattle maintained at Adea berga dairy farm. The retrospective and longitudinal studies were employed through document revision; clinical and laboratory examination from 1996 to 2010 and from 2010 to 2014, respectively. All 97 cows from first to 10th parity which were kept under semi intensive management system in the farm were included in this study. The overall prevalence of reproductive health problems was 54.6% (n=53) and the major ones were found to be prolonged anoestrus, abortion, still birth and retained fetal membrane accounting for 48.5%, 28.9%, 14.4% and 5.2% prevalence, respectively. Of the considered risk factors, age, parity and body condition didn’t show significant (P>0.05) effect on abortion and prolonged anestrous while found to significantly (P<0.05) affect still birth. However, season had a significant (P<0.05) effect on all disorders (abortion, prolonged anestrous and still birth). Pluriparus animal with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) showed higher prevalence of abortion (29%), still birth (15.1%) and retained fetal membrane (5.4%) than uniparus ones which represented 25%, o%, o% prevalence for abortion, still birth and retained fetal membrane respectively. In contrast uniparus animals showed higher  prevalence (50%) of prolonged anoestrus as compared to the pluriparus ones  (48.4%) and no statistical significant difference was observed (P>0.05) among them. The parasitological, serological and bacteriological test results in this study showed a negative result, where all animals tested were found to be free from brucellosis, trichomonoiasis and other bacterial infections. In this study a mean value for AFS (age at first service), AFCA (age at first calving), ALS (age at last service), ALCA (age at last calving) and CI (calving interval) were found to be (25.8 + 0.76), (35.5 + 0.71), (66.6 + 3.2), (77.1 + 2.6) and (17.7 + 0.4) months respectively. While the mean value for parity, LN (lactation number), NSPC (number of service per conception) and days open were (4.16 + 0.19), (3.09 + 0.2), (2.25 + 0.14) and (270.47 + 14.17), respectively. From this study, it was concluded that the major reproductive disorders responsible for the altered reproductive performance of jersey dairy cows were prolonged anoestrus, abortion, still birth and retained fetal membrane. Routine and periodical examination of cows during postpartum period, awareness creation to farm attendants and employing improved dairy herd management should be implemented. Moreover associated economic losses in this dairy farm and cause of abortion should be exclusively investigatedwith other test methodologies for other entities. Keywords: Adea berga, Jersey breed, Oromia region, Reproductive disorder, West Shewa

Covid-19 Prevention Practices and Associated Factors among Workers in Yirgalem Agro-Industry Park, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak resulted in millions of cases and deaths with an incredible pace of spread. It has been a global public health crisis since December 2019. Though the work behaviors of some organizations can facilitate more ways for the mode of transmission, the potential work areas for the risk of infection are not identified yet. Designing intervention strategies based on the risky assessment findings of a specific population or organization is better. The problem is more significant in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevention practices and associated factors of COVID-19 among workers in Yirgalem Agro-Industrial Park, Sidama Regional State; Ethiopia, 2020 Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15th to August 15th, 2020. Yirgalem Agro-Industrial Park had 233 workers during the study period and data were collected from all of them. Collected data were entered into Epi Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS 22 for analysis. Factors associated with the practice of prevention were then analyzed. Results: Among the respondents, 91.8%, 75.1%, and 48.9% had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practice toward COVID-19 prevention strategies respectively. Multivariate regression revealed that age, spiritual or sin, training, knowledge, attitude, opposition to wearing, ordinary residents, and hoping leaders can win against COVID-19 were predicted practices of COVID-19 prevention strategies Conclusion: The practice of COVID-19 prevention strategies was so poor and needed adequate attention. Age, spiritual/sin as a cause, prior training, knowledge, attitude, opposing mask-wearing, and belief in whether to defeat COVID-19 or not were identified as the predictors. It is so important to revamp the current practices and assure the implementation of the standard as expected

Factors associated with low birth weight among babies born at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Low birth weight is defined as infant born with weight of less than 2500 g. It is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In Ethiopia, there are limited evidences on factors contributing to low birthweight. Objective To assess factors associated with low birth weight babies in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia from March to April, 2018. Methods and Materials An unmatched case control study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. All low birth weight newborns and two unmatched controls for each case were included in the study from March to April, 2018. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Epi-data version 3.1 software and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess goodness-of-fit. Results In this study 330 mother-newborn pairs (110 cases and 220 controls) were participated making 100% response rate. Among the participants 325(98.48%) were married, 164 (49.7%) were Protestant, 296 (89.7%) had ANC follow up and 212 (64.24%) were multipara. Mothers’ mid-upper arm circumference less than 220 mm [(AOR) =2.89, 95% CI: 1.58, 5.29)], lack of nutritional counseling [AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.3, 4.34], presence of complications during pregnancy [AOR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.55, 5.64)] and lack of iron supplementations during pregnancy [AOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.58, 5.29)] were significantly associated with Low birth weight. Conclusions Mothers’ mid-upper arm circumference less than 220 mm, lack of nutritional counseling, presence of complications and lack of iron supplementations during current pregnancy were significantly associated with low birth weight. Counseling on nutrition during prenatal care needs attention of service providers

Factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section among mothers who gave birth in Ambo town, Oromia, Central Ethiopia, a case-control study

Background: While Trial of labour after previous cesarean section for women with no contraindication for vaginal delivery is an important strategy to reduce short- and long-term morbidity related with repeated cesarean section, the rate of cesarean section and repeated cesarean section with its complication are increasing. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess factors associated with successful vaginal birth among women with previous cesarean delivery in public hospitals of Ambo town in 2019. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Ambo public Hospitals in 2019. A total of 243 clients were included, of which 81 clients were cases and 162 clients were controls with controls to cases ratio of 2. A Lottery method was applied to select the controls and cases were selected consecutively. Bivariate, followed by multivariate analyses, were conducted with 95% CI and p-value &lt;0.05 to identify factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Result: Parity three and four(AOR = 3.45, 95%CI(1.16, 10.229), labour monitoring with partograph (AOR= 4.77, 95%CI: 1.65,13.88), prior vaginal birth after caesareans (AOR = 5.68, 95%CI:1.44,22.46), occiput-posterior position (AOR = 0.109, 95%CI: (0.02, 0.49), duration of labour after admission less than 8 hours (AOR = 4.57, 95%CI: 1.92,10.85) and artificial rupture of membrane (AOR = 5.02 95%CI: 1.67,15.06) were factors significantly associated with successful vaginal birth after previous cesarean section.&nbsp; Conclusion: The study shows that parity, duration of labour, previous history of successful vaginal birth after cesarean section, artificial rupture of membrane, and partograph monitoring of labour were associated with successful vaginal birth after previous cesarean section. All Women with a history of cesarean section should be counselled and encouraged to undergo a trial of labour as long as it is not contraindicated. Keywords: Previous cesarean section; vaginal birth after cesareans; Ambo; Ethiopia

Prevalence and determinants of neonatal near miss in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Neonatal near miss is a condition of newborn infant characterized by severe morbidity (near miss), but survived these conditions within the first 27 days of life. It is considered as the first step to design management strategies that can contribute in reducing long term complication and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess prevalence and determinants of neonatal near miss in Ethiopia. Methods The protocol of this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at the Prospero with a registration number of (PROSPERO 2020: CRD42020206235). International online databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Google scholar, Global Health, Directory of open Access journal and African Index Medicus were used to search articles. Data extraction was undertaken with Microsoft Excel and STATA11 was used to conduct the Meta-Analysis. Random effect model analysis was considered when there was evidence of heterogeneity between the studies. Results The overall pooled prevalence of neonatal near miss was 35.51% (95%CI: 20.32–50.70, I2 = 97.0%, p = 0.000). Primiparity (OR = 2.52, 95%CI: 1.62, 3.42), referral linkage (OR = 3.92, 95%CI: 2.73, 5.12), premature rupture of membrane (OR = 5.05, 95%CI: 2.03, 8.08), Obstructed labor (OR = 4.27, 95%CI: 1.62, 6.91) and maternal medical complications during pregnancy (OR = 7.10, 95%CI: 1.23, 12.98) had shown significant statistical association with neonatal near miss. Conclusion The prevalence of neonatal near miss in Ethiopia is evidenced to be high. Primiparity, referral linkage, premature rupture of membrane, obstructed labor and maternal medical complications during pregnancy were found to be determinant factors of neonatal near miss

Inequality in healthcare-seeking behavior among women with pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and narrative synthesis

Abstract Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) affects women’s quality of life in various aspects. However, evidence on the healthcare-seeking behavior of women with POP is limited. Therefore, this review aimed to identify and synthesize the existing evidence on the healthcare-seeking behavior among women with POP. Methods This systematic review and narrative synthesis of the literature on healthcare-seeking behavior among women with POP was conducted from 20 June to 07 July 2022. The electronic databases PubMed, African Journals Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, African Index Medicus and Directory of Open Access Journal, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature published from 1996 to April 2022. The retrieved evidence was synthesized using a narrative synthesis approach. The characteristics of included studies and the level of healthcare-seeking behavior were summarized in a table and texts. Error bar was used to show the variability across different studies. Results A total of 966 articles were retrieved of which only eight studies with 23,501 women (2,683 women with pelvic organ prolapse) were included in the synthesis. The level of healthcare-seeking behavior ranges from 21.3% in Pakistan to 73.4% in California, USA. The studies were conducted in four different populations, used both secondary and primary data, and were conducted in six different countries. The error bar shows variation in healthcare-seeking behavior. Conclusions The level of health-care seeking behavior among women with POP is low in low-income countries. There is substantial variability in the characteristics of the reviewed studies. We recommend a large-scale and robust study which will help to better understand the healthcare-seeking behavior among women with POP

Reliability and validity of the Sidaamu Afoo version of the pelvic organ prolapse symptom score questionnaire

Abstract Background Both for clinical and research purposes, it is critical that clinicians and researchers use a tool that is trans-culturally adapted and tested for its psychometric properties. The English version of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score (POP-SS) questionnaire was developed in 2000. Since then it has been translated into other languages and verified. However, the tool has not been adapted for use in Sidaamu Afoo language in the Sidama Region of Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to translate and adapt the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Symptom Score questionnaire into Sidaamu Afoo and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods A total of 100 women with symptomatic prolapse completed version-2 of the POP-SS questionnaire during the first round of interviews, and 61 of them completed the questionnaire during the second round of interviews (to establish the test-retest reliability). We adapted the scale translation process recommended by Beaton and his colleagues. The content validity was assessed using the content validity index and the construct validity was done based on exploratory factor analysis using the principal component analysis model. The criterion validity was evaluated by using the Kruskal-Wallis test based on stages of the prolapse established via pelvic examination. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha value, and test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The questionnaire was successfully translated to Sidaamu Afoo, and achieved a good content validity index (0.88), high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.79), and test-retest reliability (an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.83). The exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors based on an eigenvalue of 1. The two factors explained 70.6% of the common variance, and each item loaded well (0.61 to 0.92) to its corresponding factor. There is a significant difference in the median score of prolapse symptoms across different stages of prolapse (Kruskal-Wallis χ2, 17.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion The Sidaamu Afoo version of the POP-SS tool is valid and reliable. Further studies that involve a balanced number of women in each stage of prolapse are needed to avoid the ceiling and floor effects

Home delivery among antenatal care booked women in their last pregnancy and associated factors: community-based cross sectional study in Debremarkos town, North West Ethiopia, January 2016

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, nearly half of the mothers who were booked for antenatal care, who supposed to have institutional delivery, gave home delivery nationally. Home delivery accounts majority while few of childbirth were attended by the skilled provider in Amhara regional state. This study aimed to determine the proportion of home delivery and associated factors among antenatal care booked women who gave childbirth in the past 1 year in Debremarkos Town, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based Cross sectional study was conducted from January 1st− 25th 2016. Epi Info version 7 was used to determine a total sample size of 518 and simple random sampling procedure was employed. Data was collected through an interview by using pretested structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7, cleaned and exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis. A p-value less than or equals to 0.05 at 95% Confidence Intervals of odds ratio were taken as significance level in the multivariable model. Results A total of 127 (25.3%) women gave childbirth at home. Un-attending formal education (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 7.56, 95% CI: [3.28, 17.44]), absence of health facility within 30 min distance (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI: [1.42, 8.20]), not exposed to media (AOR = 4.46, 95% CI: [2.09, 9.49]), Unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 3.47, 95% CI [1.82, 6.61]), attending ANC at health post (AOR = 5.45, 95% CI: (1.21, 24.49) and health center (AOR = 2.74, 95% CI [1.29, 5.82]), perceived privacy during ANC (AOR = 3.69[1.25, 10.91]) and less than four times ANC visit (AOR = 5.04, 95% CI (2.30, 11.04]) were significantly associated with home delivery. Conclusions Home delivery in this study was found to be low. Educational level, media exposure, geographic access to a health facility, Unplanned pregnancy, an institution where ANC was booked, perceived privacy during ANC and number of ANC visit were found to be determinants of home delivery. Health institutions, health professionals, policy makers, community leaders and all concerned with the planning and implementation of maternity care in Ethiopia need to consider these associations in implementing services and providing care, for pregnant women

Home birth and its determinants among antenatal care-booked women in public hospitals in Wolayta Zone, southern Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION:Antenatal care (ANC), health facility birth and postnatal care services are proved to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, even though antenatal care coverage is good, still home birth is high. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of home birth among women who were booked for ANC in public hospitals in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS:A cohort study was conducted from February to May 2017 among 554 third trimester pregnant mothers who visited public hospitals of Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia for ANC service. All women were interviewed twice: the first interview was done face-to-face in the health facility in which they were having ANC follow up to gather information about basic socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics; the second interview was done via telephone after they gave birth to get information about the place of birth. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used for data entry and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 was used for data analysis. RESULTS:A total of 68 (13.5%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 10.5%-16.6%) women who were booked for ANC gave birth at home. Being uneducated (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: [1.10-5.10]), starting ANC visit late (>16weeks) (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI: [1.14-4.50]), time taken to reach at health facility for ANC service (>30minutes) (AOR = 8.94, 95% CI: [4.50-17.72]), waiting time of greater than 30 minutes for ANC in health facilities (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: [1.06-2.30]) and lack of knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy (AOR = 4.18, 95%CI: [1.80-9.70]) were significantly associated with home birth. CONCLUSIONS:Home birth among ANC booked women is low compared to other studies. Yet, giving attention to women with no education and those coming from far areas while providing advice on birth preparedness and pregnancy danger signs may be useful to further reduce the rate of home birth. Advising mothers to start ANC early and trying to reduce ANC waiting time could also be of importance

Pregnancy Risk Perception and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Health Centers in Jabi Tehnan District, Amhara, Northwestern Ethiopia, 2021

Background. Pregnancy risk perception affects a pregnant woman’s decision about health care services such as prenatal care, place of birth, choices about medical interventions, adherence to medical procedures, and recommendations. Therefore, the study is aimed at assessing pregnancy risk perception and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at health centers in Jabi Tehnan District. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 424 mothers attending ANC at health centers in the Jabi Tehnan District from April 1 to 30, 2021. Data was collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire which was developed according to the health belief model. The logistic regression model was used using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI and pvalue<0.05 to declare significance and associations. Result. Four hundred twenty four (424) pregnant women were interviewed of which nearly half of the respondents 48% (43.2%, 52.7%) had good pregnancy risk perception. Women who had a history of obstetric complications (AOR: 95% CI=3.44:1.73,6.83), those who knew at least one pregnancy danger sign (AOR: 95% CI=5.22,2.46,11.07), pregnant women who had a bad obstetric history (AOR: 95% CI=2.23:1.13,4.41), and knowing women who died due to pregnancy-related complications (AOR: 95% CI=2.85:1.45,5.60) were more likely to have good perception towards pregnancy risk compared to their counterparts. Conclusion. Obstetric complications, awareness of pregnancy danger signs, bad obstetric history, and known women who died due to pregnancy-related complications were found to be significantly associated with pregnancy risk perception