Study of the composition of biologically active compounds in chaga meal. Perspectives of application of chaga meal in pharmaceutical industry

Methods of utilization of chaga meal are reviewed. Extraction of chaga meal with ethanol, chloroform, and tert-butyl methyl ether gives compounds possessing a high antioxidant activity. A wide spectrum of other biologically active compounds was found in these extracts. These compounds can be used for production of drugs and biologically active additives. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012

The Current State of Natural Foci of Tick-Borne Encephalitis near Irkutsk City

Among main factors that influence intensity of tick-borne encephalitis foci one can distinguish the numbers of core vector (here, taiga tick Ixodes persulcatus) and the percentage of infected ticks. This paper shows the results of five-year monitoring of the tick-borne encephalitis focus, which is situated near Irkutsk city. Detected are the variations in numbers and infestation of the core vector of tick-borne encephalitis, both spatial and temporal. Cause-effect connection between these factors and human TBE morbidity is not found. However, morbidity rates of the Irkutsk population, observed on the annual basis, bear evidence of high activity and intensity of the foci. In this regard, a number of preventive measures is put forward, but further observations concerning all the parameters that influence foci activity are required

DNA conformational dynamics in the presence of catanionic mixtures

DNA conformational behavior in the presence of non-stoichiometric mixtures of two oppositely charged surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium octyl sulfate, was directly visualized in an aqueous solution with the use of a fluorescence microscopy technique. It was found that in the presence of cationic-rich catanionic mixtures, DNA molecules exhibit a conformational transition from elongated coil to compact globule states. Moreover, if the catanionic mixtures form positively charged vesicles, DNA is adsorbed onto the surface of the vesicles in a collapsed globular form. When anionic-rich catanionic mixtures are present in the solution, no change in the DNA conformational behavior was detected. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, as well as measurements of translational diffusion coefficients of individual DNA chains, supported our optical microscopy observations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T36-3WRB313-V/1/07d45ede3443f93c49fe5d72c57fdfa

Ассоциация полиморфизмов генов TCF7L2, FABP2, KCNQ1, ADIPOQ с прогнозом развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа

Цель. Изучить возможность использования в популяции г. Новосибирска в качестве маркеров прогноза развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа (СД 2) полиморфизмов генов TCF7L2, FABP2, KCNQ1, ADIPOQ. Материалы и методы. На основе проспективного наблюдения репрезентативной популяционной выборки жителей Новосибирска (HAPIEE) сформированы 2 группы по принципу «случай–контроль» (случай – лица, у которых за 10 лет наблюдения выявлен СД 2, и контроль – лица, у которых за 10-летний период не развились нарушения углеводного обмена). Группа СД 2 (n=443, средний возраст 56,2±6,7 года, мужчины – 29,6%, женщины – 70,4%), группа контроля (n=532, средний возраст 56,1±7,1 года, мужчины – 32,7%, женщины – 67,3%). ДНК выделена методом фенол-хлороформной экстракции. Генотипирование выполнено методом полимеразной цепной реакции с последующим анализом полиморфизма длин рестрикционных фрагментов, полимеразной цепной реакции с обратной транскрипцией. Статистическая обработка проведена с использованием программного пакета SPSS 16.0. Результаты и обсуждение. Не обнаружено значимого влияния rs1799883 гена FABP2, rs2237892 гена KCNQ1 и rs6773957 гена ADIPOQ на риск развития СД 2. Генотипы ТТ и TC rs7903146 гена TCF7L2 являются генотипами риска развития СД 2 (относительный риск – ОР 3,90, 95% доверительный интервал – ДИ 2,31–6,61, р<0,001; ОР 1,86, 95% ДИ 1,42–2,43, р<0,001 соответственно). Генотип СС rs7903146 гена TCF7L2 ассоциирован с протективным эффектом в отношении СД 2 (ОР 0,37, 95% ДИ 0,29–0,49, р<0,001). При включении в модель оценки риска развития СД 2 rs7903146 гена TCF7L2 он сохраняет свою значимость и у мужчин, и у женщин. Заключение. Полиморфизм rs7903146 гена TCF7L2 подтвердил свою ассоциацию с прогнозом развития СД 2, что указывает на возможность его рассмотрения в качестве кандидата на внесение в рискометр СД 2. Разработаны варианты рискометров для оценки прогноза развития СД 2 у мужчин и женщин в возрасте 45–69 лет в течение 10 лет наблюдения. Ассоциация с прогнозом развития СД 2 полиморфизмов rs1799883 гена FABP2, rs2237892 гена KCNQ1 и rs6773957 гена ADIPOQ – не обнаружена. // Aim. To study the possibility of using polymorphisms of genes TCF7L2, FABP2, KCNQ1, ADIPOQ as markers for predicting the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the population of Novosibirsk. Materials and methods. On the basis of prospective observation of a representative population sample of residents of Novosibirsk (HAPIEE), 2 groups were formed according to the “case-control” principle (case – people who had diabetes mellitus 2 over 10 years of observation, and control – people who did not developed disorders of carbohydrate metabolism). T2D group (n=443, mean age 56.2±6.7 years, men – 29.6%, women – 70.4%), control group (n=532, mean age 56.1±7.1 years, men – 32.7%, women – 67.3%). DNA was isolated by phenol-chloroform extraction. Genotyping was performed by the method of polymerase chain reaction with subsequent analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism, polymerase chain reaction in real time. Statistical processing was carried out using the SPSS 16.0 software package. Results and discussion. No significant effect of rs1799883 of the FABP2 gene, rs2237892 of the KCNQ1 gene, and rs6773957 of the ADIPOQ gene on the risk of developing T2D was found. Genotypes TT and TC rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene are genotypes for the risk of developing T2D (relative risk – RR 3.90, 95% confidence interval – CI 2.31–6.61, p<0.001; RR 1.86, 95% CI 1.42–2.43, p<0.001, respectively). The CC genotype rs7903146 of the TCF7L2 gene is associated with a protective effect against T2D (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.29–0.49, p<0.001). When the TCF7L2 gene is included in the model for assessing the risk of developing T2D rs7903146, it retains its significance in both men and women. Conclusion. The rs7903146 polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene confirmed its association with the prognosis of the development of T2D, which indicates the possibility of considering it as a candidate for inclusion in a diabetes risk meter. Variants of risk meters have been developed to assess the prognosis of the development of diabetes mellitus 2 in men and women aged 45–69 years during 10 years of followup. The association with the prognosis of the development of T2D polymorphisms rs1799883 of the FABP2 gene, rs2237892 of the KCNQ1 gene and rs6773957 of the ADIPOQ gene was not found

Thiacalix[4]monocrowns substituted by sulfur-containing anchoring groups: New ligands for gold surface modification

Crown containing calix[4]arenes 2a-f with thioacetate-functionalized carbon chains on lower rim in 1,3-alternate conformation were synthesized starting from corresponding bromo-derivatives. The use of thiacalixcrowns monolayer films improves adhesion between gold and biomolecules (cytochrome c and catalase). The structures of these monolayers were analyzed using contact angle measurements and AFM visualization by discontinuous contact mode. © ISUCT Publishing

Domain formation in DODAB–cholesterol mixed systems monitored via nile red anisotropy

The effect of the cholesterol (Ch) on liposomes composed of the cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) was assessed by studying both the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of the dye Nile Red. The information obtained combined with analysis of the steady-state emission and luorescence lifetime of Nile Red (NR) for different cholesterol concentrations (5–50%) elucidated the presence of “condensed complexes” and cholesterol-rich domains in these mixed systems. The steady-state fluorescence spectra were decomposed into the sum of two lognormal emissions, emanating from two different states, and the effect of temperature on the anisotropy decay of Nile Red for different cholesterol concentrations was observed. At room temperature, the time-resolved anisotropy decays are indicative of NR being relatively immobile (manifest by a high r∞ value). At higher temperature, rotational times ca. 1 ns were obtained throughout and a trend in increasing hindrance was seen with increase of Ch content

Оценка результатов первых робот-ассистированных гинекологических операций на базе Центра роботической хирургии клиники Башкирского государственного медицинского университета

Introduction. Prolapse of the pelvic organs, atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium, uterine scar dehiscence, and endometriosis are some of the most common conditions found in gynecological practice. Women with these disorders suffer from the deterioration of their quality of life, social status and reproductive potential. There are many surgical techniques available for the treatment of these patients. This article offers a discussion on a surgical treatment with the use of the da Vinci robotic system. Robot-assisted surgery with the use of the da Vinci robotic system is demonstrating a recent gain in popularity. Whenever possible, it is now the method of choice for the surgical treatment strategy for patients with premorbid obesity.Aim: to assess the outcomes of the first robot-assisted gynecologic surgical procedures performed at the Department of Robotic Surgery at the Clinical Hospital of the Bashkir State Medical University (Ufa).Materials and methods. This paper offers a description and assessment of the first robot-assisted procedures performed as part of the “Robot-assisted Surgery in Gynecology” master class.Results and discussion. The following types of procedures were used for the outcome assessment: robot-assisted laparoscopy, supracervical hysterectomy with appendages, sacro-vaginopexy with prolene flap; robot-assisted hysterectomy with appendages; robot-assisted metroplasty and robot-assisted laparoscopy with excision of retrocervical endometrial infiltrate.Conclusions. The robot-assisted surgical treatment method is the most beneficial management strategy ensuring the ease of the actual surgery as well as a speedy recovery of patients and the reduction of possible complications in the early postoperative period.Введение. Пролапс тазовых органов, атипическая гиперплазия эндометрия, несостоятельность рубца на матке, эндометриоз — одни из самых распространенных состояний, встречающихся в гинекологической практике. У женщин с данными патологиями страдает качество жизни, социальная значимость и репродуктивный потенциал. Существует множество методик оперативного лечения данных пациенток. В данной статье рассматривается оперативное лечение с применением хирургической системы Эа Vinci. В последнее время применение робот-ассистированных операций с использованием хирургической системы Эа Vinci набирает все большую популярность и, при возможности, является преимущественной при выборе оперативной тактики у пациенток c преморбидным ожирением.Цель: оценка результатов первых робот-ассистированных операций на базе Центра роботической хирургии Клиники Башкирского государственного медицинского университета (г. Уфа).Материалы и методы. В данной работе приводится описание и оценка результатов первых робот-ассистированных операций в рамках мастер-класса «Робот-ассистированная хирургия в гинекологии».Результаты исследования. Оценка результатов проведена на примере четырех операций: робот-ассистированной лапароскопии, супрацервикальной гистерэктомии с придатками, сакровагинопексии проленовым лоскутом; робот-ассистированной экстирпации матки с придатками; робот-ассистированной метропластики и робот-ас-систированной лапароскопии с иссечением ретроцервикального эндометриоидного инфильтрата.Вывод. Робот-ассистированная методика оперативного лечения является наиболее выгодной тактикой ведения гинекологических пациенток с точки зрения проведения хирургического вмешательства, скорейшего восстановления и снижения возможных осложнений в раннем послеоперационном периоде