An adaptive learning control system for aircraft

A learning control system and its utilization as a flight control system for F-8 Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW) research aircraft is studied. The system has the ability to adjust a gain schedule to account for changing plant characteristics and to improve its performance and the plant's performance in the course of its own operation. Three subsystems are detailed: (1) the information acquisition subsystem which identifies the plant's parameters at a given operating condition; (2) the learning algorithm subsystem which relates the identified parameters to predetermined analytical expressions describing the behavior of the parameters over a range of operating conditions; and (3) the memory and control process subsystem which consists of the collection of updated coefficients (memory) and the derived control laws. Simulation experiments indicate that the learning control system is effective in compensating for parameter variations caused by changes in flight conditions

An adaptive learning control system for aircraft

A learning control system is developed which blends the gain scheduling and adaptive control into a single learning system that has the advantages of both. An important feature of the developed learning control system is its capability to adjust the gain schedule in a prescribed manner to account for changing aircraft operating characteristics. Furthermore, if tests performed by the criteria of the learning system preclude any possible change in the gain schedule, then the overall system becomes an ordinary gain scheduling system. Examples are discussed

Digital modeling of human operator dynamics via class of Liapunov functions

A technique is described which is utilized for modeling human operator dynamics. The technique is based upon a model-reference system configuration and a class of Liapunov functions formulated for this purpose which possess variable characteristics. It is shown how such a class of Liapunov functions and their time derivatives is formulated. The crux of the formulation lies in three variable positive definite matrices used for the construction of the class of Liapunov functions. The form and order of these matrices depend upon the form and order of the error differential equation of the human operator model-reference system. These matrices can be modified to include nonlinear functions of the human operator model

Hobson\u27s Choice: Ensuring Open Government or Conserving Government Funds, A

In Hemeyer v. KRCG-TV, a case that arose when the Cole County Sheriff filed suit seeking a judicial determination supporting closure of a videotape of a legislator’s booking on drunk driving charges, the Missouri Supreme Court reiterated the public policy statement of openness that is part of the state’s Sunshine Law. To give broad effect to the policy of openness, as prescribed in the Sunshine Law, the court interpreted a component of the Sunshine Law’s remedial provision, Missouri Revised Statutes Section 610.027.5 (“Subsection 5”), liberally against the Cole county Sheriff. As a result of its liberal construction of Subsection 5, the court held that the sheriff was required to pay the television station’s suit-related attorney fees. In so holding, the court provided a booster for the public policy of openness that underlies Missouri’s Sunshine Law by eliminating the possibility that a governmental agency will employ its resources to force an economically weaker record seeker to forego his or her right of access to public records due to the cost associated with being forced to defend in court. The Note supports the analysis of and the decision reached by the Missouri Supreme Court in Hemeyer. Both are consistent with the public policy of openness explicitly provided in the state’s Sunshine Law, as well as in other Missouri record-related statutes that were in effect at the time of the decision

The Role of the YXXΦ Motif in CD82 Trafficking and Function

CD82, a tetraspanin, is a tumor metastasis suppressor. Tetraspanins are membrane spanning proteins that play critical roles in diverse biological and pathological processes, e.g., the regulation of cancer metastasis. CD82 is ubiquitously expressed in various types of tissues, but its expression becomes down-regulated or lost in a majority of metastatic tumors. It inhibits tumor metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. Cancer patients whose tumors contain CD82 exhibit minimal metastasis. We know that CD82 functions as a tumor metastasis suppressor but the mechanism by which this occurs is largely unknown. CD82 can be found on the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular compartments, and CD82 undergoes endocytosis. The intracellular trafficking of proteins plays a key role in their functions. The mechanism by which CD82 is able to traffic remains not well known. Notably, CD82 contains an YXXΦ internalization and intracellular trafficking motif in its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Previous reports suggest that the mutation of the YXXΦ motif of a tetraspanin will disrupt internalization and subsequent trafficking. We have established the stable transfectant of CD82 YVAA mutant, which contains a mutation in the YXXΦ motif of CD82. This research focuses on the roles of CD82’s YXXΦ motif 1) in intracellular trafficking of CD82 and its associated proteins as well as 2) in the CD82-mediated inhibition of the migration of metastatic tumor cells. Results from the internalization assays reveal that the YXXΦ motif is not required for the internalization of CD82, nor does the mutation of this motif have drastic effect on the steady state distribution of CD82. Results from the intracellular trafficking and recycling assays reveal that there is a defect in the intracellular trafficking of CD82 upon the mutation of its YXXФ motif. We found that both CD82 WT and CD82 YVAA mutant trafficked to the late endosomes/lysosomal compartments. We also observed that the recycling of CD82 proteins is Rab 11-mediated process and that the mutation of the YXXΦ motif significantly decreases the CD82 YVAA release via exosomes. Our study also revealed that the CD82 YVAA mutant traffics to and accumulates within the lysosomal compartments within the cells. Regarding the role of CD82 trafficking in cell movement, we found that that the mutation of CD82 YXXΦ motif results in a loss of function in CD82-mediated inhibition of collective cell migration and cell invasion but appears not to affect CD82-mediated inhibition of solitary cell migration. In addition, CD82 YVAA mutation increases cell-cell adhesion in a calcium dependent manner, which likely results from altered trafficking of cell-cell adhesion proteins. From the results obtained in this study, we conclude that the YXXΦ motif of CD82 is not essential for CD82 internalization but rather regulates CD82 trafficking to the late endosome where CD82 is recycled back to the plasma membrane or secreted into the extracellular environment via exosomes. CD82 trafficking also regulates the trafficking and function of cell adhesion proteins. Furthermore, the proper trafficking and recycling of CD82 plays a key role in maintaining its motility suppressive function. Further studies will determine 1) the molecular mechanism by which CD82 trafficking regulates the behavior of cell adhesion proteins and 2) the effect of aberrant CD82 trafficking on tumor metastasis in animal models

Kiss and Tell: Making the Case for the Torious Transmission of Herpes and Human Papillomavirus

Recognizing theories of recovery for a tort committed an estimated six million times per year in the United States alone at an annual cost in excess of $4 billion is logical—if not imperative. Not all jurisdictions, however, recognize theories of recovery when the tort in question is the wrongful transmission of herpes and human papillomavirus (“HPV”), two of the most common, incurable sexually transmitted diseases (“STDs”) in America. Nevertheless, in Deuschle v. Jobe, the Missouri Court of Appeals for the Western District of Missouri took a significant step by acknowledging an unmarried sexual partner’s right to bring negligence and intentional tort claims for the transmission of the STDs. Contending that wrongful transmission causes of action sounding in negligence and intentional tort should be recognized, the Note begins by setting forth the facts and holding of Deuschle, and then provides an overview of genital herpes and HPV. Next, this Note surveys the legal landscape of tortious transmission cases involving these two STDs and examines the public policies that factor into the decision whether to allow tortious transmission actions. After exploring Deuschle in detail, the Note seeks to uncover the roadblocks to recovery that exist even when causes of action are recognized

A statistical approach to the diagnosis of liver disease on the basis of serum bilirubin and enzyme levels

No Abstract

Strategi dan Ball Possesion Timnas Futsal Putra U-20 AFC Championship 2019

Futsal merupakan cabang olahraga yang memiliki karakteristik permainan cepat dengan determinasi yang tinggi dalam setiap pertandingannya. Pengunaan strategi yang tepat serta kemampuan tim dalam mengembangkan Strategi Ball Possession juga menjadi salah satu kunci keberhasilan mencapai suatu prestasi. Begitupun dengan Timnas Futsal Putra U-20 Indonesia yang mampu berada di peringkat ke Empat Asia saat ditangani oleh Kenshuke Takahashi. Pencapaian ini mampu menjadi langkah awal Futsal Indonesia agar dapat dipertimbangan di Asia. Strategi dan penguasaan bola Timnas U-20 perlu dibahas untuk bahan evaluasi dan rujukan bagi pelatih pelatih di indonesia saat ini untuk perkembangan futsal di Indonesia. Pada penilitian ini mengunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data berasal dari analisis video dengan perhitungan statistik. Penghitungan dilakukan pada Strategi dan Ball Possesion yang dilakukan oleh Timnas U-20 selama pertandingan di AFC Championship 2019. Dengan hasil Strategi dominan yang digunakan oleh Timnas U-20 saat melakukan penyerangan dengan mengunakan formasi 2-2 dengan nilai 65,45% dan menghasilkan empat gol, selanjutnya dengan formasi 1-2-1 dengan nilai berhasil mehasilkan empat gol. Startegi bertahan dominan mengunakan formasi 2-2 dengan nilai 67,32%. Startegi bertahan yang menyebabkan Timnas U-20 banyak mengalami kebobolan dengan formasi 1-3 dimana situasi ini terjadi akibat kesalahan passing dan terjadi serangan balik yang menyebabkan kebobolan dan selama pertadingan berlansung di ajang AFC Championship  total rata-rata penguasaan bola Timnas U-20 adalah 48.47%. Dengan pengunaan strategi 2-2 Timnas U-20 mampu mengatur pola serangan dan pola bertahan dengan baik.   Kata Kunci: Futsal, Strategi, Ball Possession, Timnas U-20, AFC 201

What makes us human: revisiting an age-old question in the genomic era

In 1970, Karl Pribram took on the immense challenge of asking the question, what makes us human? Nearly four decades later, the most significant finding has been the undeniable realization of how incredibly subtle and fine-scaled the unique biological features of our species must be. The recent explosion in the availability of large-scale sequence data, however, and the consequent emergence of comparative genomics, are rapidly transforming the study of human evolution. The field of comparative genomics is allowing us to reach unparalleled resolution, reframing our questions in reference to DNA sequence – the very unit that evolution operates on. But like any reductionist approach, it comes at a price. Comparative genomics may provide the necessary resolution for identifying rare DNA sequence differences in a vast sea of conservation, but ultimately we will have to face the challenge of figuring out how DNA sequence divergence translates into phenotypic divergence. Our goal here is to provide a brief outline of the major findings made in the study of human brain evolution since the Pribram lecture, focusing specifically on the field of comparative genomics. We then discuss the broader implications of these findings and the future challenges that are in store