Black Hole masses for 14 gravitational lensed quasars

We estimate black hole masses (M$_{\rm BH}$) for 14 gravitationally lensed quasars using the Balmer lines along with estimates based on MgII and CIV emission lines for four and two of them, respectively. We compare with results obtained for other lensed quasars. We use spectroscopic data from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT), Magellan and the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to measure the FWHM of the broad emission lines. Combined with the bolometric luminosity measured from the spectra energy distribution, we estimate M$_{\rm BH}$ including uncertainties from microlensing and variability. We obtain MBH using the single-epoch method from the H$\alpha$ and/or H$\beta$ broad emission lines for 14 lensed quasars, including the first estimates for QJ0158-4325, HE0512-3329 and WFI2026-4536. The masses are typical of non-lensed quasars of similar luminosity, and the implied Eddington ratios are typical. We have increased the sample of lenses with estimates of MBH by 60%.Comment: 16 pages. Submitted to A&

Evaluación del impacto social de la Licenciatura en Educación Especial en dos subregiones de Antioquia, Colombia

This research paper presents the results of the evaluation of the social impact of the Special Education undergraduate program, of the University of Antioquia’s Education Faculty, in the East and Southwest subregions of the Antioquia department (Colombia). The main objective was to evaluate the impact of the Program among the graduates and other audiences. The methodology was carried out under a qualitative design, in the evaluative research modality, Social Programs impact type of evaluation. The results of the research were structured under the following categories: Assessment of the quality of the Program, the role of the Special Educator, significant experiences and their impact, and location and working conditions of the graduates. Finally, it poses recommendations to various academic units of the University.Keywords: special education, evaluation, social impact, graduates, occupational performance, assessment.En el presente artículo se dan a conocer los resultados de la evaluación del impacto social del programa de Licenciatura en Educación Especial, Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Antioquia, en las subregiones de Oriente y Suroeste del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia), cuyo objetivo principal fue evaluar el impacto del Programa desde los egresados y otras audiencias. La metodología se llevó a cabo bajo un diseño cualitativo, modalidad de investigación evaluativa, tipo de evaluación de impacto de programas sociales. Los resultados se estructuraron bajo las categorías: valoración de la calidad del Programa, rol del educador especial, experiencias significativas y su impacto, y ubicación y condiciones laborales de los egresados y egresadas. Finalmente, se plantean recomendaciones a diferentes unidades académicas de la Universidad

BASS. XXV. DR2 Broad-line-based Black Hole Mass Estimates and Biases from Obscuration

We present measurements of broad emission lines and virial estimates of supermassive black hole masses (M BH) for a large sample of ultrahard X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as part of the second data release of the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS/DR2). Our catalog includes M BH estimates for a total of 689 AGNs, determined from the Hα, Hβ, Mg ii λ2798, and/or C iv λ1549 broad emission lines. The core sample includes a total of 512 AGNs drawn from the 70 month Swift/BAT all-sky catalog. We also provide measurements for 177 additional AGNs that are drawn from deeper Swift/BAT survey data. We study the links between M BH estimates and line-of-sight obscuration measured from X-ray spectral analysis. We find that broad Hα emission lines in obscured AGNs ( log(NH/cm−2)>22.0 ) are on average a factor of 8.0−2.4+4.1 weaker relative to ultrahard X-ray emission and about 35−12+7 % narrower than those in unobscured sources (i.e., log(NH/cm−2)1 dex) masses for Type 1.9 sources (AGNs with broad Hα but no broad Hβ) and/or sources with log(NH/cm−2)≳22.0 . We provide simple multiplicative corrections for the observed luminosity and width of the broad Hα component (L[bHα] and FWHM[bHα]) in such sources to account for this effect and to (partially) remedy M BH estimates for Type 1.9 objects. As a key ingredient of BASS/DR2, our work provides the community with the data needed to further study powerful AGNs in the low-redshift universe

Calculo del torque de un rotor para un reactor industrial utilizado en la producción de recubrimientos por medio de arco pulsado

En el Laboratorio de física del plasma de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales se ha construido un reactor industrial, con el fin de recubrir piezas del herramental de las maquinarias para mejorar su desempeño y vida útil. Las variantes técnicas se fundamentan en el equipamiento auxiliar. Una de ellas es el sistema árbol porta muestras que debe hacer girar los objetos a procesar para conseguir la homogeneidad del recubrimiento en todas las piezas, en un movimiento de traslación y rotación planetario, con una velocidad que pueda ser controlada de acuerdo al tipo de muestra y de recubrimiento que se desee realizar para eliminar en un alto porcentaje las micro-gotas propias de la técnica. Un factor importante en el diseño del sistema de giro es el torque del rotor del motor empleado, el cual depende del peso del árbol, de las piezas a recubrir, el rozamiento entre los engranajes y de éstos con las bandejas. Con este fin se implemento un sistema compuesto por acoples electrónicos (variadores de velocidad) y acoples mecánicos (reductores y juego de piñones). De esta manera se puede variar la velocidad de rotación de la carga entre 0 y 60 rpm.

The effect of nuclear gas distribution on the mass determination of supermassive black holes

Supermassive black holes reside in the nuclei of most galaxies. During their active episodes, black holes are powered by accretion discs where gravitational energy is converted into radiation(1). Accurately determining black hole masses is key to understand how the population evolves over time and how the black holes relate to their host galaxies(2-4). Beyond the local universe, z greater than or similar to 0.2, the mass is commonly estimated assuming a virialized motion of gas in the close vicinity of the active black holes, traced through broad emission lines(5,6). However, this procedure has uncertainties associated with the unknown distribution of the gas clouds. Here, we show that the black hole masses derived from the properties of the accretion disk and virial mass estimates differ by a factor that is inversely proportional to the width of the broad emission lines. This leads to virial mass misestimations up to a factor of six. Our results suggest that a planar gas distribution that is inclined with respect to the line of sight may account for this effect. However, radiation pressure effects on the distribution of gas can also reproduce our results. Regardless of the physical origin, our findings contribute to mitigating the uncertainties in current black hole mass estimations and, in turn, will help us to better understand the evolution of distant supermassive black holes and their host galaxies.CONICYT-PCHA/doctorado Nacional para extranjeros 2013-63130316 Fondecyt 1161184 Israel Science Foundation 234/1

Self-cleaning modified TiO2-cotton pretreated by UVC-light (185 nm) and RF-plasma in vacuum and also under atmospheric pressure

Two new innovative findings presented in this study are: (a) TiO2-cotton fabrics obtained by pretreatment with UVC-light (185nm) at atmospheric pressure introduced functionalities into the cotton surface enabling the chelation/binding of TiO2. This was possible since the molar absorption coefficient of O-2 and N-2 is very low at 185 nm and (b) the radiofrequency (RF-plasma) pretreatment of cotton surface lead to the formation active binding sites on the cotton at atmospheric pressure. This unexpected RF effect was due to the drastic localized heating of the cotton leading to intermolecular H-bond breaking between the cellulose surface-OH groups of adjacent molecules with the formation of functionalized groups in the cellulose fibers. The discoloration kinetics of the wine stain on the TiO2-cotton pretreated by RF at atmospheric pressure for 10 min was the most favorable. The red wine stains discoloration under Suntest simulated light was monitored by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and by the CO2 evolution during the stain mineralization. By X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) it was possible to monitor the decrease of the C, N, S-species on the textile topmost layers during the discoloration process. The XPS Ti 2p(3/2) peak shifts indicating Ti4+/Ti3+ oxido-reduction taking place during the photocatalysis. X-ray diffraction showed the formation of the anatase phase on the cotton. By X-ray fluorescence the loading of TiO2 before and after the discoloration process was found to be similar to 0.8%. High-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) shows transparent TiO2 anatase 8-18 nm coating the cotton with layers similar to 31 nm (+/- 10%). These 3-4 TiO2 layers on the cotton did not affect the touch or handling properties of the cotton enabling the potential commercial use of the TiO2-cotton fabrics. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved