First report of Tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus infecting tomato crops in Panama

In April 2011 and September 2012, virus-like symptoms were observed in open field- and greenhouse-grown tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum) in Chiriqu\ued, the westernmost province of Panama. Samples from symptom-bearing plants (127 in all) were collected and tested for the presence of begomoviruses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with sets of degenerated primers designed to amplify parts of the DNA-A and DNA-B components (Rojas et al., 1993; Table 1). Products of the expected sizes, obtained with both DNA-A- and DNA-B-specific primers for 49 samples, suggested infection with New World bipartite begomoviruses. This corresponds to an incidence of 26% (8 plants) in open field, and 43% (41 plants) in greenhouse crops. Primers specific for ten tomato-infecting begomoviruses found in Central America (Engel et al., 1998; Nakhla et al., 2005; Table 1) were used to typify the PCR-positive samples

Las citas doctrinales en las sentencias de los\ua0tribunales constitucionales. Especial an\ue1lisis de aqu\ue9llas incorporadas en los pronunciamientos de acci\uf3n de inconstitucionalidad de la Suprema Corte de Justicia mexicana

El presente art\uedculo surge en el marco de la investigaci\uf3n general \u201cCortes, doctrina y sociedad inclusiva: el impacto del formante doctrinal en las cortes supremas\u201d, financiada por el Ministerio italiano de Educaci\uf3n, Universidades e Investigaci\uf3n. En relaci\uf3n con el caso mexicano, la investigaci\uf3n muestra en qu\ue9 medida la doctrina, los diccionarios y las enciclopedias influyen en la parte considerativa de las sentencias de acci\uf3n de inconstitucionalidad que la Suprema Corte de Justicia mexicana emiti\uf3 del 2001 al 2014. Asimismo, se evidencia: \ubfcu\ue1les son las autoras y los autores m\ue1s citados?, \ubfcu\ue1l es la nacionalidad de las autoras y los autores citados?, \ubfcu\ue1les son las instituciones educativas o gubernamentales a las que pertenecen los doctrinistas citados?, \ubfqui\ue9nes son m\ue1s citados, los hombres o las mujeres?, \ubfcu\ue1les son las materias jur\ueddicas y de otras ciencias que influyen en las sentencias de la Suprema Corte?, \ubfqu\ue9 influjo tienen los diccionarios y las enciclopedias en las sentencias

Begomoviruses Infecting Tomato Crops in Panama

The key regions in Panama involved in open field- and greenhouse-grown commercial tomato production, including the Chiriqu\ued, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Cocl\ue9 and Panama Oeste provinces, were surveyed for the incidence and distribution of begomoviruses in the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012. The surveys took place in 14 of the 51 districts of the above-mentioned provinces and comprised all relevant tomato production areas of the provinces. A total of 28 tomato plots were surveyed. The exact location of each plot was geo-referenced using a hand-held Global Positioning System unit. In total, 319 individual tomato plants (181 in 2011 and 138 in 2012) were sampled. Plants displayed diverse combinations of virus-like symptoms of different severity, including necrosis, yellowing, mosaic, mottling, rolling, curling, distortion and puckering of leaves, reduced leaf size, and stunted growth. DNA was extracted from each plant for a subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, using two sets of degenerate primers able to detect members of the genus Begomovirus. The samples displaying a positive reaction were subsequently analysed with specific primer pairs to identify the affecting begomoviruses. A total of 42.3% of all collected samples showed a positive signal to PCRs. Three begomovirus species were detected with the species-specific set of primers; in particular, in the samples obtained in 2011, Potato yellow mosaic Panama virus (PYMPV), Tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus (ToLCSiV) and Tomato yellow mottle virus (TYMoV) were detected, while in the 2012 samples, only PYMPV and ToLCSiV were found. To our knowledge, this is the first reported incidence of ToLCSiV and TYMoV in Panamanian tomato crops

Onde, farfalla e aroma di caff\ue8 : storie di donne dominicane

Antologia di racconti delle narratrici dominicane contemporanee \uc1ngela Hern\ue1ndez N\ufa\uf1ez, Aurora Arias, Emilia Pereyra, Martha Rivera, Miriam Mej\ueda, Rosa Julia Vargas, Rita Indiana Hern\ue1ndez, Rosa Silverio, Ariadna V\ue1squez Germ\ue1n, Kianny N. Antigua, Emelda Ramos, Jeannette Miller, Ligia Minaya, Hilma Contreras, A\uedda Cartagena Portalat\uedn, con una nota del curatore alle pp.107-112