Additive maps derivable or Jordan derivable at zero point on nest algebras

AbstractLet AlgN be a nest algebra associated with the nest N on a (real or complex) Banach space X. Assume that every N∈N is complemented whenever N-=N. Let δ:AlgN→AlgN be an additive map. It is shown that the following three conditions are equivalent: (1) δ is derivable at zero point, i.e., δ(AB)=δ(A)B+Aδ(B) whenever AB=0; (2) δ is Jordan derivable at zero point, i.e., δ(AB+BA)=δ(A)B+Aδ(B)+Bδ(A)+δ(B)A whenever AB+BA=0; (3) δ has the form δ(A)=τ(A)+cA for some additive derivation τ and some scalar c. It is also shown that δ is generalized derivable at zero point, i.e., δ(AB)=δ(A)B+Aδ(B)-Aδ(I)B whenever AB=0, if and only if δ is an additive generalized derivation. Finer characterizations of above maps are given for the case dimX=∞

Increased Formation of Follicular Antrum in Aquaporin-8-Deficient Mice Is Due to Defective Proliferation and Migration, and Not Steroidogenesis of Granulosa Cells

Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is a water channel protein expressed exclusively in granulosa cells (GCs) in mouse ovary. Our previous studies of AQP8-deficient (AQP8-/-) mice demonstrated that AQP8 participates in folliculogenesis, including in the formation of follicles, ovulation, and atresia. However, its physiological function in formation of the antral follicle is still largely unknown. In the present study, we observed significantly increased numbers of antral follicles in AQP8-/- ovaries as well as significantly increased follicular antrum formation in in vitro 3D culture of AQP8-/- follicles. Functional detection of AQP8-/- GCs indicated that cell proliferation is impaired with FSH treatment, and wound healing and Transwell migration are also impaired with or without FSH treatment, compared with that in WT. However, the biosynthesis of estradiol and progesterone as well as the mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzyme genes (CYP19A1 and StAR) in AQP8-/- GCs did not change, even with addition of FSH and/or testosterone. In order to estimate the influence of the impaired proliferation and migration on the density of GC mass, preantral follicles were injected with FITC-dextran, which distributes only in the intercellular space, and analyzed by confocal microscopy. The micrographs showed significantly higher transmission of fluorescence in AQP8-/- follicles, suggesting increased intercellular space of GCs. Based on this evidence, we concluded that AQP8 deficiency leads to increased formation of follicular antra in vivo and in vitro, and the mechanism may be associated with increased intercellular space of GCs, which may be caused by defective proliferation and migration of GCs. This study may offer new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the formation of follicular antrum

Bridging Weather and Climate Research and Forecasts of the Global Monsoon System

The fourth International Workshop on Monsoons (IWM-IV), American Meteorological Society, March 2011The Fourth International Workshop on Monsoons (IWM-IV) was the first World Meteorological Organization (WMO) quadrennial monsoon workshop organized under the new World Weather Research Programme (WWRP). The previous emphasis of this workshop series on seasonal and long-term variations was expanded in IWM-IV to encompass all time scales (mesoscale, synoptic, intraseasonal, and climate) that are relevant to the forecasting of high-impact weather events, such as heavy rainfall, tropical cyclones, and droughts, in the world’s monsoon regions

Securing Fast and High-Precision Localization for Shallow Underground Explosive Source: A Curiosity-Driven Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Shallow underground explosive source localization technology is a key technology in the field of underground space localization. The existing approaches mainly aim to improve the localization accuracy, but need to deploy enormous sensors in the monitoring area, and rely on a large number of backend workstations to solve. These methods have the defects of considerable calculation and high time cost, and are hard to satisfy the precise and real-time requirements of onsite testing, ultimately resulting in slow localization speed and accurate localization failure. Fortunately, emerging deep reinforcement learning can effectively solve the problem of slow search policy by modeling the source localization as a Markov decision process (MDP). Therefore, a curiosity-driven deep dueling double Q-learning network (C-D3QN) is subsequently proposed to solve the above MDP. The overestimation problem is solved by decoupling selection and evaluation of the bootstrap action, and the action difference is effectively increased by introducing the dueling network that separately represents state values and action advantages. Meanwhile, the exploration is jointly reinforced by an intrinsic reward outputted from the curiosity module and an extrinsic reward supplied by the environment, guaranteeing the convergence to global optimal. Finally, extensive simulation results based on the outfield experiment data show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed scheme can significantly improve exploration ability and learning speed as well as generalization and robustness. In addition, compared to the baseline algorithm deep Q-learning network, the C-D3QN algorithm can offer an improved localization accuracy as high as 99.62% and an increased localization speed of 66.23%

Ensilage of oats and wheatgrass under natural alpine climatic conditions by indigenous lactic acid bacteria species isolated from high-cold areas

<div><p>Five different species of selected broad-spectrum antibiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from extremely high–cold areas were used as starters to ferment indigenous forage oats and wheatgrass under rigid alpine climatic conditions. The five isolates were <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> QZ227, <i>Enterococcus mundtii</i> QZ251, <i>Pediococcus cellicola</i> QZ311, <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> QZ1137 and <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> QZ613, and commercial <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> FG1 was used as the positive control and sterile water as the negative control. The minimum and maximum temperatures were −22°C and 23°C during the fermentation process, respectively. The pH of wheatgrass silage fermented by the QZ227 and FG1 inocula reached the expected values (≤4.15) although the pathogens detected in the silage should be further investigated. All of the inocula additives used in this study were effective in improving the fermentation quality of oat silage as indicated by the higher content of lactic acid, lower pH values (≤4.17) and significant inhibition of pathogens. QZ227 exhibited a fermentation ability that was comparable with the commercial inoculum FG1 for the whole process, and the deterioration rate was significantly lower than for FG1 after storage for 7 months. The pathogens <i>Escherichia coli</i>, mold and yeast were counted and isolated from the deteriorated silage. <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> were the main NH₃-N producer while <i>F</i>. <i>fungi</i> and yeast produced very little.</p></div

Phonon-mediated superconductivity in two-dimensional hydrogenated phosphorus carbide: HPC3_{3}

In the recent years, three-dimensional (3D) high-temperature superconductors at ultrahigh pressure have been reported, typical examples are the polyhydrides H$_{3}$S, LaH$_{10}$, and YH$_{9}$, etc. To find high-temperature superconductors in two-dimensional (2D) at atmosphere pressure is another research hotspot. Here, we investigated the possible superconductivity in a hydrogenated monolayer phosphorus carbide based on first-principles calculations. The results reveal that monolayer PC$_{3}$ transforms from a semiconductor to a metal after hydrogenation. Interestingly, the C-$\pi$-bonding band contributes most to the states at the Fermi level. Based on the electron-phonon coupling mechanism, it is found that the electron-phonon coupling constant of HPC$_{3}$ is 0.95, which mainly origins from the coupling of C-$\pi$ electrons with the in-plane vibration modes of C and H. The calculated critical temperature $T_{c}$ is 31.0 K, which is higher than most of the 2D superconductors. By further applying biaxial tensile strain of 3$\%$, the $T_{c}$ can be boosted to 57.3 K, exceeding the McMillan limit. Thus, hydrogenation and strain are effective ways for increasing the superconducting $T_{c}$ of 2D materials

The antibacterial activity presented as diameter of inhibition zones (mm).

<p>The antibacterial activity presented as diameter of inhibition zones (mm).</p

The chemical composition and microbial community of wheatgrass and oat prior to ensiling.

<p>The chemical composition and microbial community of wheatgrass and oat prior to ensiling.</p