Medienkompetenz als theoretisches Konzept und Gegenstand empirischer Forschung

Der Beitrag versteht sich als Teil der Bemühung, das Phänomen Medienkompetenz bei Jugendlichen besser beschreiben und analysieren zu können. Dabei gehen wir von einem Verständnis von Medienkompetenz aus, das sich an den von Dieter Baacke (1996) vorgeschlagenen vier Dimensionen (Medienkritik, Mediennutzung, Medienkunde, Mediengestaltung) orientiert. Im Rahmen des DFG-Projektes „Untersuchung zum Mediennutzungsverhalten 13-18jähriger und Entwicklung von Medienkompetenz im Jugendalter“ untersuchen wir empirisch das Medienhandeln Jugendlicher in Anlehnung an das Bielefelder Medienkompetenzmodell (Treumann/Baacke u.a. 2002). In einer quantitativen Befragung haben wir zunächst die Dimensionen der Medienkompetenz operationalisiert und erhoben. Des Weiteren konkretisieren wir in qualitativen Befragungen die Medienkompetenz bei Jugendlichen inhaltlich und erschließen diese in ausgewählten Fällen auch rekonstruktiv hermeneutisch. Die Einzelinterviews dienen dazu, das Medienhandeln und die verschiedenen Ebenen der Medienkompetenz umfassend zu erheben und im Rahmen einer Clusteranalyse mit den quantitativen Daten in Beziehung zu setzen. Im Rahmen von Gruppendiskussionen werden indes die kollektiven Orientierungen Jugendlicher in der analytisch-reflexiven Auseinandersetzung mit Medien und damit die Dimension der Medienkritik empirisch erschlossen

Pharmacokinetic study of praziquantel enantiomers and its main metabolite R-trans-4-OH-PZQ in plasma, blood and dried blood spots in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected patients

Praziquantel (PZQ) is the treatment of choice for infections with the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, a major health problem in Southeast Asia. However, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies investigating the disposition of PZQ enantiomers (R- and S-PZQ) and its main metabolite, R-trans-4-OH-PZQ, in diseased patients are lacking. The implementation of a dried blood spot (DBS) sampling technique would ease the performance of PK studies in remote areas without clinical facilities. The aim of the present study is to provide data on the disposition of PZQ enantiomers and R-trans-4-OH-PZQ in opisthorchiasis patients and to validate the use of DBS compared to plasma and blood sampling.; PZQ was administered to nine O. viverrini-infected patients at 3 oral doses of 25 mg/kg in 4 h intervals. Plasma, blood and DBS were simultaneously collected at selected time points from 0 to 24 h post-treatment. PK parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. Drug concentrations and areas under the curve (AUC0-24h) measured in the 3 matrices were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. We observed plasma AUC0-24hs of 1.1, 9.0 and 188.7 μg/ml*h and half-lives of 1.1, 3.3 and 6.4 h for R-PZQ, S-PZQ and R-trans-4-OH, respectively. Maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 0.2, 0.9 and 13.9 μg/ml for R-PZQ, S-PQZ and R-trans-4-OH peaked at 7 h for PZQ enantiomers and at 8.7 h for the metabolite. Individual drug concentration measurements and patient AUC0-24hs displayed ratios of blood or DBS versus plasma between 79-94% for R- and S-PZQ, and between 108-122% for R-trans-4-OH.; Pharmacodynamic (PD) in vitro studies on PZQ enantiomers and R-trans-4-OH-PZQ are necessary to be able to correlate PK parameters with efficacy. DBS appears to be a valid alternative to conventional venous sampling for PK studies in PZQ-treated patients

Introduction

Constructivism has become the overarching scientific paradigm in the social study of science and technology (STS). The notion that scientific facts and technological artefacts result from processes of social construction is the major scientific innovation of the preceding decades in the sociology of science and technology. With constructivism being the established paradigm in this field of research: what comes next? What comes after constructivism in science and technology studies? The contributions of this special issue of Science, Technology & Innovation Studies suggest different answers to these questions which can roughly be subsumed under the three headings 'Spelling out Constructivism', 'Adding Disregarded Aspects', and 'Going beyond Constructivism'

Stress hormones: cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone and oxytocin in the context of social violations in children with autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) refer to heterogeneous disorders of neurodevelopment, the main symptom of which is social insufficiency. Aim: to conduct a one-stage assessment of the relationship between key hormones in the regulation of social and stress responses: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, oxytocin, in children with ASD in the context of severe social insufficiency. Materials and methods. A total of 44 children (37 boys and 7 girls) aged 3 to 12 years with a diagnosis of ASD were examined, which were divided into groups: with preserved social contact / lack of it. The concentrations of hormones were evaluated in blood plasma by the method of ELISA. Results. ACTH and cortisol demonstrate interdependent relationships without the involvement of oxytocin in children with ASD, while maintaining their social contact. In children with ASD with symptoms of social insufficiency, there are no correlations between the studied neurohormones. The conclusion. The data obtained suggest that the processes of disorganization / destruction of neuroanatomical and physiological connections between the systems of oxytocin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and (or) the hypothalamic-neurohypophysis system and the HPA-axis

Elliptic operators with discontinuous coefficients in meshfree GFDM

peer reviewedIn phase change simulations, material properties such as density, viscosity, or thermal conductivity may exhibit jump discontinuities, possibly of several orders of magnitude. These jump discontinuities represent interfaces between the phases, and they emerge naturally during the simulation; thus, their exact location is generally unknown a priori. Our goal is to simulate phase change processes with a meshfree generalized finite difference method in a monolithic model without distinguishing between the different phases. There, the material properties mentioned above appear as coefficients inside elliptic operators in divergence form and the jumps must be treated adequately by the numerical method. We present a numerical method for discretizing elliptic operators with discontinuous coefficients without the need for a domain decomposition or tracking of interfaces. Our method facilitates the construction of diagonally dominant diffusion operators that lead to M‐matrices for the discrete Poisson's equation, and thus, satisfy the discrete maximum principle. We demonstrate the applicability of the new method for the case of smooth diffusivity and discontinuous diffusivity. We show that the method is first‐order accurate for discontinuous diffusion problems and provides second‐order and fourth‐order convergence for continuous diffusion coefficients

Анализ путей повышения эффективности сооружения и эксплуатации линейной части магистральных нефтепроводов в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов

Был проведен анализ эффективности сочетания технических и технологических решений, обеспечивающих безопасность эксплуатации линейной части магистрального нефтепровода в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов. Выявлена эффективность предложенного подхода и определено оптимальное сочетание параметров инженерной защиты и технологического режима магистрального нефтепровода, которое обеспечивает защиту от опасных геокриологических процессов при минимальных затратах материальных ресурсов на строительство и эксплуатацию нефтепровода в условиях распространения многолетнемерзлых грунтов.Efficiency analysis of a combination of technical and technological solutions that ensure the safety of the main oil pipeline in permafrost region was conducted. The efficiency of the proposed approach is identified and the optimal combination of engineering protection and technological support of the main oil pipeline is determined. This provides protection against frost actions with minimum expenditures of material resources for the construction and operation of the pipeline in permafrost region

Повышение маневренности парогазовой установки в условиях реального энергетического рынка

В данной работе рассматривается анализ маневренности парогазовой установки в условиях реального энергетического рынка. Произведен расчет тепловой схемы парогазовой установки ПГУ-420. Произведена оценка влияния начального давления контуров ВД и НД на электрическую мощность. Оценено влияние конечного давления, температуры наружного воздуха, температуры газов на входе в газовую турбину на электрическую мощность ПГУ.In this paper, we analyze the maneuverability of a combined cycle plant in a real energy market. The calculation of the thermal circuit of the combined cycle plant PGU-420. The influence of the initial pressure of the VD and ND circuits on the electric power is estimated. The influence of the final pressure, the temperature of the outside air, the temperature of the gases at the inlet of the gas turbine on the electric capacity of the CCGT unit is estimated

Исследование влияния параметров режима лазерной сварки на геометрические размеры шва

Существенную роль в обеспечении надежности тепловыделяющих сборок играют сварные соединения, эксплуатационные свойства которых во многом определяются наличием в сварном шве и зоне термического влияния загрязнений, остаточных напряжений и закалочных структур. Цирконий является основным конструкционным материалом для активных зон ядерных реакторов. В настоящей работе предложена технология лазерной сварки пластин толщиной 0,5 мм из циркониевого сплава Э110, проведены теоретические расчеты режимов сварки и выбор сварочного оборудования.Welds play an important role in ensuring the reliability of fuel assemblies. Their performance properties are determined by the presence of contaminants, residual stresses and quenching structures in the weld and the heat-affected zone. Zirconium is the main structural material for the manufacture of nuclear reactor cores. The technology of laser welding of 0,5 mm thick plates from zirconium alloy E110 is offered in this work, theoretical calculations of welding modes and choice of welding equipment are carried out