Approximating Data with weighted smoothing Splines

Given a data set (t_i, y_i), i=1,..., n with the t_i in [0,1] non-parametric regression is concerned with the problem of specifying a suitable function f_n:[0,1] -> R such that the data can be reasonably approximated by the points (t_i, f_n(t_i)), i=1,..., n. If a data set exhibits large variations in local behaviour, for example large peaks as in spectroscopy data, then the method must be able to adapt to the local changes in smoothness. Whilst many methods are able to accomplish this they are less successful at adapting derivatives. In this paper we show how the goal of local adaptivity of the function and its first and second derivatives can be attained in a simple manner using weighted smoothing splines. A residual based concept of approximation is used which forces local adaptivity of the regression function together with a global regularization which makes the function as smooth as possible subject to the approximation constraints

Nonparametric Regression, Confidence Regions and Regularization

In this paper we offer a unified approach to the problem of nonparametric regression on the unit interval. It is based on a universal, honest and non-asymptotic confidence region which is defined by a set of linear inequalities involving the values of the functions at the design points. Interest will typically centre on certain simplest functions in that region where simplicity can be defined in terms of shape (number of local extremes, intervals of convexity/concavity) or smoothness (bounds on derivatives) or a combination of both. Once some form of regularization has been decided upon the confidence region can be used to provide honest non-asymptotic confidence bounds which are less informative but conceptually much simpler

Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Ketepatan Anggaran terhadap Senjangan Anggaran dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura)

The purpose of this research is to understand the influence of the participation and the budget acuracy against budget gap with a current commitment of organization as moderation variables. This kind of research is quantitative research by the use of the primary data. The research population is civil servants of SKPD in Jayapura regency. The amount of sample was 105. Method used in the study was moderated regression analysis. The results of this study found that the budgeting participation has a positive and significant impact on budget gap, while the budget accuracy can not have positive and significant impact on budget gap. Organization commitment as moderate variable cannot moderating budgeting participation and the budget accuracy to budget gap in Jayapura regency. Keywords: Budget participation, budget accuracy, budget gap, organization commitment

Confidence regions, non-parametric regression

In this paper we offer a unified approach to the problem of nonparametric regression on the unit interval. It is based on a universal, honest and non-asymptotic confidence region An which is defined by a set of linear inequalities involving the values of the functions at the design points. Interest will typically centre on certain simplest functions in An where simplicity can be defined in terms of shape (number of local extremes, intervals of convexity/concavity) or smoothness (bounds on derivatives) or a combination of both. Once some form of regularization has been decided upon the confidence region can be used to provide honest non-asymptotic confidence bounds which are less informative but conceptually much simpler. Although the procedure makes no attempt to minimize any loss function such as MISE the resulting estimates have optimal rates of convergence in the supremum norm both for shape and smoothness regularization. We show that rates of convergence can be misleading even for samples of size n = 10^6 and propose a different form of asymptotics which allows model complexity to increase with sample size

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Keadilan Distributif Dan Prosedural Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul

Background: RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul is a privately-owned public hospital that has been burgeoning. Leadership held at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul today is a transformational leadership. While, for motivating employee, the management of the hospital strives to provide adequate and fair compensation based on employee status, class rank and tenure. Hence, the compensation system will encourage every employee to give excellent service for each patient.Methodology: The research is a quantitative analysis using cross-sectional survey method. Data is obtained by disseminating questionnaire to the population, the whole permanent employee up to 104 respondents.Result: The statistical result indicates that management\u27s policy transformational leadership and distributive justice and procedural compensation rate affect to the satisfaction of work of the nurses at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul.Summary: Regarding to the result of the research, management\u27s policy to appreciate its employee through a good and fair compensation can significantly improve the satisfaction of work of the nurses at RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Moreover, the management should maintain a workable situation and pay a lot of attention to the nurses

Residual-based localization and quantification of peaks in x-ray diffractograms

We consider data consisting of photon counts of diffracted x-ray radiation as a function of the angle of diffraction. The problem is to determine the positions, powers and shapes of the relevant peaks. An additional difficulty is that the power of the peaks is to be measured from a baseline which itself must be identified. Most methods of de-noising data of this kind do not explicitly take into account the modality of the final estimate. The residual-based procedure we propose uses the so-called taut string method, which minimizes the number of peaks subject to a tube constraint on the integrated data. The baseline is identified by combining the result of the taut string with an estimate of the first derivative of the baseline obtained using a weighted smoothing spline. Finally, each individual peak is expressed as the finite sum of kernels chosen from a parametric family.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS181 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Combined nitrogen and drought stress leads to overlapping and unique proteomic responses in potato

Main conclusion: Nitrogen deficient and drought-tolerant or sensitive potatoes differ in proteomic responses under combined (NWD) and individual stresses. The sensitive genotype ‘Kiebitz’ exhibits a higher abundance of proteases under NWD. Abstract: Abiotic stresses such as N deficiency and drought affect the yield of Solanum tuberosum L. tremendously. Therefore, it is of importance to improve potato genotypes in terms of stress tolerance. In this study, we identified differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in four starch potato genotypes under N deficiency (ND), drought stress (WD), or combined stress (NWD) in two rain-out shelter experiments. The gel-free LC–MS analysis generated a set of 1177 identified and quantified proteins. The incidence of common DAPs in tolerant and sensitive genotypes under NWD indicates general responses to this stress combination. Most of these proteins were part of the amino acid metabolism (13.9%). Three isoforms of S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS) were found to be lower abundant in all genotypes. As SAMS were found upon application of single stresses as well, these proteins appear to be part of the general stress response in potato. Interestingly, the sensitive genotype ‘Kiebitz’ showed a higher abundance of three proteases (subtilase, carboxypeptidase, subtilase family protein) and a lower abundance of a protease inhibitor (stigma expressed protein) under NWD stress compared to control plants. The comparably tolerant genotype ‘Tomba’, however, displayed lower abundances of proteases. This indicates a better coping strategy for the tolerant genotype and a quicker reaction to WD when previously stressed with ND

ПЕТРОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И СТРУКТУРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МЕДНО-ПОРФИРОВОГО ОРУДЕНЕНИЯ В РУДОПРОЯВЛЕНИИ АСТАНЕ СРЕДНЕЙ ЧАСТИ МАГМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ДУГИ УРУМИЕ-ДОХТАР (ИРАН)

Within the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc in the central part of Iran, the formation of which is associated with the Neotethys closure, there are many porphyry copper deposits and ore occurrences. One of them is the Astaneh porphyry copper ore deposit, located in the central part of the Saveh-Ardestan ore region southeast of Ardestan city. The purpose of this study is to investigate the petrochemical characteristics of rocks and to determine the relationship between the distribution of porphyry copper mineralization and tectonic position of faults within the study area. To achieve the goal, there were used the structural and geological data obtained in the fieldwork, as well as the results of mineralogical and geochemical analyses. The obtained results show that rocks of different composition of the Astaneh ore deposit (andesite, andesite-basalt, basalt, trachybasalt) were formed in the suprasubduction zone, and probably in the environment prior to the collision of the of continental plates. Paragenetic relationships and mineralogical analysis show that the evolution of mineralization of the Astaneh ore deposit can be divided into three stages: pre-ore, hypogene and supergene mineralization. Geochemical research based on the study of the content of the major chemical elements in the rocks of the region shows that igneous rocks belong to calc-alkaline basalts and geodynamically can be attributed to the products of magmatism of the ensial island arc. The results concluded that the main stages of the formation of a porphyry copper ore deposit in the study area attain maximum spatio-temporal similarity with the tectonomagmatic phases of the development of the Neotethys Ocean. In addition, the Southern Ardestan fault, running through the study area and intersecting the basement structures, forms wide permeable zones favorable for the formation of porphyry copper deposits therein.В пределах магматической дуги Уромие-Дохтар в центральной части Ирана, образование которой связано с закрытием Неотетиса, расположено множество медно-порфировых месторождений и рудопроявлений. Одно из них – медно-порфировое рудопроявление Астане, которое находится в центральной части рудного района Саве-Ардестан, расположенного юго-западнее г. Ардестан. Целью данного исследования является изучение петрохимических характеристик горных пород и определение взаимосвязи между распределением меднопорфирового оруденения и положением тектонических разломов в пределах изучаемой территории. Для достижения цели были использованы структурно-геологические и минералого-геохимические данные, полученные как в ходе проведения полевых работ, так и по результатам лабораторных исследований. Результаты исследования доказывают, что разнообразные по составу горные породы рудопроявления Астане (андезит, андезибазальт, базальт, трахибазальт) сформировались в надсубдукционной зоне и, вероятно, в обстановке, предшествовавшей столкновению континентальных плит. Парагенетические связи и минералогический анализ показали, что эволюция минерализации рудопроявления Астане может быть разделена на три этапа: дорудный, рудный и гипергенный. Геохимические исследования, основанные на изучении содержания главных химических элементов в породах района, определяют, что магматические породы относятся к известково-щелочным базальтам и со стороны геодинамической обстановки могут быть отнесены к продуктам магматизма континентальной островной дуги энсиалического типа. В результате изучения был сделан вывод о том, что основные этапы формирования медно-порфирового рудопроявления на исследуемой территории демонстрируют максимальное временное и пространственное сходство с тектономагматическими фазами развития океана Неотетис. Кроме того, разлом Южный Ардестан, проходящий через изучаемую территорию и секущий структуры фундамента, образует широкие проницаемые зоны, благоприятные для формирования медно-порфировых рудопроявлений