Ginger And Turmeric Starches Hydrolysis Using Subcritical Water + Co 2: The Effect Of The Sfe Pre-treatment

In this work, the hydrolysis of fresh and dried turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) in the presence of subcritical water + CO2 was studied. The hydrolysis of ginger and turmeric bagasses from supercritical fluid extraction was also studied. The reactions were done using subcritical water and CO2 at 150 bar, 200°C and reaction time of 11 minutes; the degree of reaction was monitored through the amount of starch hydrolyzed. Process yields were calculated using the amount of reducing and total sugars formed. The effects of supercritical fluid extraction in the starchy structures were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Higher degree of hydrolysis (97- 98 %) were obtained for fresh materials and the highest total sugar yield (74%) was established for ginger bagasse. The supercritical fluid extraction did not significantly modify the degree of hydrolysis in the tested conditions.232235242AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Cuniff, P., AOAC International, Gaithersburg, Maryland (1997)Bemiller, J.N., Acid hydrolysis and other lytic reactions of starch (1984) Chemistry and Technology, 1. , Whistler, R.L., BeMiller, J.N. and Paschall, E.F. Starch, Academic Press, London, New YorkBraga, M.E.M., Leal, P.F., Carvalho, J.E., Meireles, M.A.A., Comparison of the yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extracts obtained using various techniques (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, p. 6604Freud, R.J., Littell, R.C., SAS system for regression (1995) SAS Series in Statistical Applications, 2nd Ed., p. 211. , SAS Institute: Cary, NCJacobs, M.B., (1981) The Chemical Analysis of Foods and Food Products, , Robert Krieger Publishing Co, New York, NYKrammer, P., Vogel, H., Hydrolysis of esters in subcritical and supercritical water (2000) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 16, p. 189Miller, G.L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar (1958) Analyt. Chem., 31, p. 426Moreschi, S.R.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Hydrolysis of ginger bagasse starch in subcritical water and carbon dioxide (2004) J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, p. 1753Nelson, N.A., A photometric adaptation for Somogyi method for determination of glucose (1944) J. Biol. Chem, 153, p. 375Pasquel, A., Meireles, M.A.A., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Extraction of stevia glycosides with CO2 + ethanol and water and ethanol (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., p. 271Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., Rapid estimation of the manufacturing cost of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (2004) J. Food Eng, , www.sciencedirect.comSiskin, M., Hydrolysis of esters in subcritical and supercritical water (2000) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 16, p. 189. , cited by Krammer,P and Vogel, HTheander, O., Nelson, D.A., Aqueous, high-temperature transformation of carbohydrate relative to utilization of biomass (1988) Adv Carbohyd Chem. Bi., 46, p. 273Zancan, K.C., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO 2 and co-solvents: A study of the antioxidant action of the extracts (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 24, p. 57Zheng, Y., Lin, H.M., Wen, J., Cao, N., Yu, X., Tsao, G.T., Supercritical carbon dioxide explosion as a pretreatment for cellulose hydrolysis (1995) Biotech. Letters, 17, p. 84

Supercritical Extraction: Technical and Economical Issues

Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T17:10:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 6.pdf: 217168 bytes, checksum: 5652b36f3bb5ca6aec250d3acad94b25 (MD5) Previous issue date: 15Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos. Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos. Laboratório de Tecnologia Supercrítica: Extração, Fracionamento e Identificação de Extratos Vegetais. Campinas, SP, Brasil.Este trabalho discute alguns aspectos técnicos e econômicos da extração supercrítica. As principais etapas para o desenvolvimento do processo são discutidas em termos da elaboração de extratos de macela (Achyrocline alata e Achyrocline satureioides) e cravo-da-índia (Eugenia caryophyllus). Dados de processo tais como a temperatura, a pressão e o rendimento são apresentados para a obtenção de extratos de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum), capim limão (Cymbopogon citratus), bacuri (Platonia insignis), recuperação de carotenóides de resíduos das fibras de dendê (Elaeis guineensis), Artemísia (Artemisia annua), erva-baleeira (Cordia verbenacea), funcho (Foeniculum vulgare), alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis), gengibre (Zingiber officinale), erva-doce (Pimpinela anisum), etc.. This work discusses some technical and economical issues related to supercritical extraction. The major steps in process development are discussed as applied to obtaining extracts from macela (Achyrocline alata and Achyrocline satureioides) and clove buds (Eugenia caryophyllus). Process data such as temperature, pressure, and yield are presented for obtaining extracts from black pepper (Piper nigrum), lemongrass (Cymbopogom citratus), bacuri (Platonia insignis), recovery of carotenoids from palm (Elaes guineensis) residue, Artemisia (Artemisia annua), ervabaleeira (Cordia verbenacea), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), anise (Pimpinella anisum), etc

Supercritical Extraction From Solid: Process Design Data (2001-2003)

Supercritical extraction from solid substrate using carbon dioxide as solvent, with or without the addition of cosolvent, has proved to be technically feasible. The relatively high investment costs associated with high pressure processes are responsible for the elimination of this technology at the very early stages of the process design, that is, during the selection of an extraction process. In order to avoid this, a preliminary analysis of the manufacturing costs must be done with a minimum of experimental information. In this review a compilation of the process parameters required for the economic analysis is presented. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.704/05/15321330Brunner, G., Kikic, I., Perrut, M., (2003) Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, , Versailles: ISASF28-30 AprilLeal, P.F., Braga, M.E.M., Sato, D.S., Carvalho, J.E., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Functional properties of spice extracts obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (2003) J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, pp. 2520-2525Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., (2001) Proceedings of the IV EBFS: Brazilian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (CD-ROM), pp. 305-310. , 9-11 October, Salvador, BA, BrazilSun, L., Rezaei, K.A., Temelli, F., Ooraikul, B., Supercritical fluid extraction of alkylamides from Echinacea angustifolia (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 3947-3953Zancan, K.C., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: A study of the antioxidant action of the extracts (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 24, pp. 57-76Martínez, J., Monteiro, A.R., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Multicomponent model to describe extraction of ginger oleoresin with supercritical carbon dioxide (2003) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, pp. 1057-1063de Lucas, A., Martínez de la Ossa, E., Rincón, J., Blanco, M.A., Gracia, I., Supercritical fluid extraction of tocopherol concentrates from olive tree leaves (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 221-228del Valle, J.M., Jiménez, M., de la Fuente, J.C., Extraction kinetics of pre-pelletized Jalapeño peppers with supercritical CO2 (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 33-44Adams, R.P., (2001) Identification of Essential Oil Components By Gas Chromatography/quadruple Mass Spectroscopy, , Carol Stream: Allured Publishing CorporationSimándi, B., Deák, A., Rónyai, E., Yanxiang, G., Veress, T., Lemberkovics, E., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of fennel oil (1999) J. Agr. Food Chem., 47, pp. 1635-1640Rodrigues, V.M., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical extraction of essential oil from aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.) using CO2: Solubility, kinetics, and composition data J Agr Food Chem, 51, pp. 1518-1523Perrut, M., Personal communicationMohamed, R.S., Saldana, M.D.A., Mazzafera, P., Extraction of caffeine, theobromine, and cocoa butter from Brazilian cocoa beans using supercritical CO2 and ethane (2002) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, pp. 6751-6758Ferreira, S.R.S., Meireles, M.A.A., Modeling the supercritical fluid extraction of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil (2002) J. Food Eng., 54, pp. 263-269Dauksas, E., Venskutonis, P.R., Sivik, B., Supercritical fluid extraction of borage (Borago officinalis L.) seeds with pure CO2 and its mixture with caprylic acid methyl ester (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 211-219Molero Gómez, A., Martínez de la Ossa, E., Quality of borage seed oil by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) Chem. Eng. J., 88, pp. 103-109Smith Jr., R.L., Malaluan, R.M., Setianto, W.B., Inomate, H., Arai, K., Separation of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut shell liquid with supercritical carbon dioxide (2003) Bioresource Tech., 88, pp. 1-7Dauksas, E., Venskutonis, P.R., Sivik, B., Nilson, T., Effect of fast CO2 pressure changes on the yield of lovage (Levisticum officinale Koch.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) extracts (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 201-210Povh, N.P., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil and oleoresin from chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert) (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 21, pp. 245-256Saldana, M.D.A., Zetzl, C., Mohamed, R.S., Brunner, G., Extraction of methylxanthines from guaraná seeds, mate leaves, and cocoa beans using supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 4820-4826Saldana, M.D.A., Mohamed, R.S., Mazzafera, P., Extraction of cocoa butter from Brazilian cocoa beans using supercritical CO2 and ethane (2002) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 194-197, pp. 885-894Simándi, B., Kristo, S.Z.T., Kéry, A., Selmeczi, L.K., Kmecz, I., Kemény, S., Supercritical fluid extraction of dandelion leaves (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 23, pp. 135-142Catchpole, O.J., Perry, N.B., da Silva, B.M.T., Grey, J.B., Smallfield, B.M., Supercritical extraction of herbs I: Saw palmetto, St. John's wort, kava root, and echinacea (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 129-138Wu, W., Hou, Y., Mathematical modeling of extraction of egg yolk oil with supercritical CO2 (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 19, pp. 149-159Saldana, M.D.A., Zetzl, C., Mohamed, R.S., Brunner, G., Decaffeination of guaraná seeds in a microextraction column using water saturated CO2 (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 119-127Chiu, K.L., Cheng, Y.C., Chen, J.H., Chang, C.J., Yang, P.W., Supercritical fluid extraction of Ginkgo ginkgolides and flavonoids (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 24, pp. 77-87Ribeiro, M.A., Bernardo-Gil, M.G., Esqúvel, M.M., Melissa officinalis L.: Study of antioxidant activity in supercritical residues (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 21, pp. 51-60Sousa, E.M.B.D., Chiavove-Filho, O., Moreno, M.T., Silva, D.N., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Experimental results for the extraction of essential oil from Lippia sidoides Cham using pressurized carbon dioxide (2002) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 19, pp. 229-241Leeke, G., Gaspar, F., Santos, R., Influence of water on the extraction of essential oils from model herb using supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, pp. 2033-2039Gaspar, F., Lu, T., Santos, R., Al-Duri, B., Modelling the extraction of essential oil with compressed carbon dioxide (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 247-260Rodrigues, M.R.A., Caramao, E.B., dos Santos, J.G., Dariva, C., Oliveira, J.V., The effects of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of the extracts from high-pressure CO2 extraction of Majorana hortensis Moench (2003) J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, pp. 453-456Vági, E., Simándi, B., Daood, H.G., Deák, A., Sawinsky, J., Recovery of pigments from Origanum majorana L. by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 2297-2301Daood, H.G., Illés, V., Gnayfeed, M.H., Mészáros, B., Horváth, G., Biacs, P.A., Extraction of pungent spice paprika by supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical propane (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 23, pp. 143-152Kiriamiti, H.K., Camy, S., Gourdon, C., Condoret, J.S., Pyrethrin extraction from pyrethrum flowers using carbon dioxide (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 26, pp. 193-200Kiriamiti, H., Camy, S., Gourdon, C., Condoret, J.S., Supercritical carbon dioxide processing of pyrethrum oleoresin and pale (2003) J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, pp. 880-884Szentmihályi, K., Vinkler, P., Lakatos, B., Illés, V., Then, M., Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) oil obtained from waste hip seeds by different extraction methods (2002) Bioresource Tech., 82, pp. 195-201Canela, A.P.R.F., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical fluid extraction of fatty acids and carotenoids from the microalgae Spirulina maxima (2002) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, pp. 3012-3018Yoda, S.K., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical fluid extraction from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni using CO2 and CO2 + water: Extraction kinetics and identification of extracted components (2003) J. Food Eng., 57, pp. 125-134Kiriamiti, H.K., Rascol, E., Marty, A., Condoret, J.S., Extraction rates of oil from high oleic sunflower seeds with supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) Chem. Eng. Proc., 41, pp. 711-718Reverchon, E., Marrone, C., Modeling and simulation of the supercritical CO2 extraction of vegetable oils (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 19, pp. 161-175Cocero, M.J., García, J., Mathematical model of supercritical extraction applied to oil seed extraction by CO2 + saturated alcohol--I. Desorption model (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 229-243Cocero, M.J., García, J., Mathematical model of supercritical extraction applied to oil seed extraction by CO2 + saturated alcohol--II. Shortcut methods (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 245-255Alonso, E., Cantero, F.J., García, J., Cocero, M.J., Scale-up for a process of supercritical extraction with adsorption of solute onto active carbon: Application to soil remediation (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 24, pp. 123-135Rodrigues, V.M., Sousa, E.M.B.D., Monteiro, A.R., Chiavone-Filho, O., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Determination of the solubility of extracts from vegetable material in pressurized CO2: A pseudo-ternary system mixture formed by cellulosic structure + solute + solvent (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 21-36Ge, Y., Yan, H., Hui, B., Ni, Y., Wang, S., Cai, T., Extraction of natural vitamin e from wheat germ by supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 685-689King, J.W., Mohamed, A., Taylor, S.L., Mebrahtu, T., Paul, C., Supercritical fluid extraction of Vernonia galamensis seeds (2001) Ind. Crops Prod., 14, pp. 241-249Caredda, A., Marongiu, B., Porcedda, S., Soro, C., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and characterization of Laurus nobilis essential oil (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 1492-1496Cui, Y., Ang, C.Y.W., Supercritical fluid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of phloroglucinols in St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 2755-2759Ashraf-Khorassani, M., Ude, M., Doana-Weideman, T., Tomczak, J., Taylor, L.T., Comparison of gravimetry and hydrolysis derivatization/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantitative analysis of fat from standard reference infant formula powder using supercritical fluid extraction (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 1822-1826Aro, T., Brede, C., Manninen, P., Kallio, H., Determination of semi-volatile compounds in Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) by supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 1970-1975Antunes, P., Gil, O., Bernardo-Gil, M.G., Supercritical fluid extraction of organochlorines from fish muscle with different sample preparation (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 135-142Christov, M., Dohrn, R., Review--High-pressure fluid phase equilibria experimental methods and systems investigated (1994-1999) (2002) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 202, pp. 153-218Markom, M., Singh, H., Hasan, M., Supercritical CO2 fractionation of crude palm oil (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 45-53Sovová, H., Zaravúcka, M., Vacek, M., Stránsky, K., Solubility of two vegetable oils in supercritical CO2 (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 15-28Raeissi, S., Peters, C.J., Bubble-point pressures of the binary system carbon dioxide + linalool (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 221-228Sovová, H., Stateva, R.P., Galushko, A.A., Essential oils from seeds: Solubility of limonene in supercritical CO2 and how it is affected by fatty oil (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 113-129Murga, R., Sanz, M.T., Beltrán, S., Cabezas, J.L., Solubility of some phenolic compounds contained in grape seeds, in supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 23, pp. 113-121Drescher, M., Seidel, O., Geana, D., High pressure vapor-liquid equilibria in the ternary system orange peel oil (limonene) + ethanol + carbon dioxide (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, pp. 103-111Francisco, J.C., Sivik, B., Solubility of three monoterpenes, their mixtures and eucalyptus leaf oils in dense carbon dioxide (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 23, pp. 11-19Fonseca, J., Simões, P.C., Nunes da Ponte, M., An apparatus for high-pressure VLE measurements using a static mixer. Results for (CO2 + limonene + citral) and (CO2 + limonene + linalool) (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 7-17Berna, A., Cháfer, A., Montón, J.B., High-pressure solubility data of the system resveratrol (3) + ethanol (2) + CO2 (1) (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 19, pp. 133-139Berna, A., Cháfer, A., Montón, J.B., Subirats, S., High-pressure solubility data of system ethanol (1) + catechin (2) + CO2 (3) (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 157-162Cháfer, A., Berna, A., Montón, J.B., Munuz, R., High-pressure solubility data of system ethanol (1) + epicathechin (2) + CO2 (3) (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 24, pp. 103-109Jaubert, J.-N., Borg, P., Coniglio, L., Barth, D., Phase equilibria measurements and modeling of EPA and DHA ethyl esters in supercritical carbon dioxide (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 145-155Duarte, C.M.M., Crew, M., Casimiro, T., Aguiar-Ricardo, A., Nunes da Ponte, M., Phase equilibrium for capsaicin + water + ethanol + carbon dioxide (2002) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 22, pp. 87-92Knez, Z., Skerget, M., Phase equilibria of the vitamins D2, D3 and K3 in binary systems with CO2 and propane (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 20, pp. 131-144Sovová, H., Stateva, R.P., Galushko, A.A., Solubility of β-carotene in supercritical CO2 and the effect of entrainers (2001) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 21, pp. 195-203Budich, M., Brunner, G., Supercritical fluid extraction of ethanol from aqueous solutions (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, pp. 45-55Lang, Q., Wai, C.M., Supercritical fluid extraction in herbal and natural products studies--a practical review (2001) Talanta, 53, pp. 771-782Guba, R., The modern alchemy of carbon dioxide (2002) Int. J. Aromatherapy, 12, pp. 120-126Rozzi, N.L., Singh, R.K., Supercritical fluids and the food industry (2002) Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Safety, 1, pp. 33-44Chen, Y.-T., Ling, Y.-C., An overview of supercritical fluid extraction in Chinese herbal medicine: From preparation to analysis (2000) J. Food Drug Anal., 8, pp. 235-247Yepez, B., Espinosa, M., López, S., Bolanos, G., Producing antioxidant fractions from herbaceous matrices by supercritical fluid extraction (2002) Fluid Phase Equilibria, 194-197, pp. 879-884Yang, C., Xu, Y.-R., Yao, W.-X., Extraction of pharmaceutical components from Ginko biloba leaves using supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 846-849Rozzi, N.L., Phippen, W., Simon, J.E., Singh, R.K., Supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil components from lemon-scented botanicals (2002) Lebensm. Wiss. Technol., 35, pp. 319-324Tonthubthimthong, P., Chuaprasert, S., Douglas, P., Luewisutthichat, W., Supercritical CO2 extraction of nimbin from neem seeds--an experimental study (2002) J. Food Eng., 47, pp. 289-291Lim, G.-B., Lee, S.-Y., Lee, E.-K., Haam, S.-J., Kim, W.S., Separation of astaxanthin from red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (2002) Biochem. Eng. J., 11, pp. 181-187Kubátová, A., Jansen, B., Vaudoisot, J.F., Hawthorne, S.B., Thermodynamic and kinetic models for the extraction of essential oil from savory and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils with hot (subcritical) water and supercritical CO2 (2002) J. Chromatgr. A, 975, pp. 175-188Rostagno, M.A., Araújo, J.M.A., Sândi, D., Supercritical fluid extraction of isoflavones from soybean flour (2002) Food Chem., 78, pp. 111-117Ko, T.-F., Weng, Y.-M., Chiou, R.Y.-Y., Squalene content and antioxidant activity of Terminalia catappa leaves and seeds (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 5343-5348Gómez-Prieto, M.S., Caja, M.M., Herraiz, M., Santa-Maria, G., Supercritical fluid extraction of all-trans-lycopene from tomato (2003) J. Agr. Food Chem., 51, pp. 3-7Rozzi, N.L., Singh, R.K., Vierling, R.A., Watkins, B.A., Supercritical extraction of lycopene from tomato processing byproducts (2002) J. Agr. Food Chem., 50, pp. 2638-264

Modeling The Supercritical Fluid Extraction Of Black Pepper (piper Nigrum L.) Essential Oil

The fixed bed extraction of black pepper essential oil using supercritical carbon dioxide was modeled by the extended Lack's plug flow model developed by Sovová (Sovová's model). The experimental data were obtained for extractions conducted at 30, 40 and 50 °C, and 150, 200, and 300 bar, for two different types of ground black pepper (batches 1 and 2). The model parameters were evaluated from the experimental data. The fluid-phase mass transfer coefficient was obtained from the constant extraction rate (CER) period using a logarithmical solute mass ratio difference. The Sovová's model was able to describe the experimental data quite well. The best value for the extraction parameter, which relates the resistances of solid-phase mass transfer to fluid-phase mass transfer, was 0.12 and 0.25 for batches 1 and 2, respectively. The experimental data were well represented by the model for the mass ratio of solute present in ruptured cell to the initial mass ratio of solute equal to 65% and 38% for batches 1 and 2, respectively. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.544263269Berna, A., Tárrega, A., Blasco, M., Subirats, S., Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil from orange peelEffect of the height of the bed (2000) Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 18, pp. 227-237Brunner, G., (1994) Gas extraction: An introduction to fundamentals of supercritical fluids and the applications to separation processes, Vol. 4 (1st ed.), 4. , Darmstadt, Germany: SteinkopffBuckle, K.A., Rathnawathie, M., Brophy, J.J., Compositional differences of black, green and white pepper (Piper nigrum L.) oil from three cultivars (1985) Journal of Food Technology, 20, pp. 599-613Bulley, N.R., Fattory, M., Meisen, A., Moyls, S., Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable oil seeds (1984) Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society, 61 (8), pp. 1362-1365Dean, J.R., Kane, M., Instrumentation for supercritical fluid extraction (1993) Applications of supercritical fluids in industrial analysis, pp. 47-73. , J. R. Dean (Ed.), Glasgow: BlackieFerreira, S.R.S., (1996) Cinética de Transferência de Massa na Extração Supercrítica deÓleo Essencial de Pimenta-do-reino, p. 218. , Ph.D. Thesis, Unicamp, CampinasFerreira, S.R.S., Meireles, M.A.A., Cabral, F.A., Extraction of essential oil of black pepper with liquid carbon dioxide (1993) Journal of Food Engineering, 20, pp. 121-133Ferreira, S.R.S., Meireles, M.A.A., Nikolov, Z., Mass transfer coefficient correlations for SFE of blackpepper essential oil (1997) Proceedings of the VI international symposium on supercritical fluids - ISSF, B, pp. 731-734. , JapanFerreira, S.R.S., Nikolov, Z.L., Doraiswamy, L.K., Meireles, M.A.A., Petenate, A.J., Supercritical fluid extraction of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) essential oil (1999) Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 14 (3), pp. 235-245Lee, A.K.K., Bulley, N.R., Fattory, M., Meisen, A., Modeling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of canola oil seeds in fixed beds (1986) Journal of American Oil Chemistry Society, 63 (7), pp. 921-925Lim, G.B., Holder, G.D., Shah, Y.T., Solid-fluid mass transfer in a packed bed under supercritical conditions (1989) Supercritical fluid science and technology, pp. 379-395. , K. P. Johnston, & J. M. L. Penninger (Eds.), Washington: American Chemical SocietyLim, J.S., Lee, Y.-W., Kim, J.-D., Lee, Y.Y., Mass transfer and hydraulic characteristics in spray and packed extraction columns for supercritical carbondioxide-ethanol-water system (1995) Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 8 (2), pp. 127-137Mandelbaum, J.A., Böhm, U., Mass transfer in packed beds at low Reynolds numbers (1973) Chemical Engineering Science, 28 (2), pp. 569-576Papamichail, I., Louli, V., Magoulas, K., Supercritical fluid extraction of celery seed oil (2000) Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 18, pp. 213-226Parry, J.W., (1969) Spices, 1. , New York: Chemical Publishing CompanyPasquel, A., Meireles, M.A.A., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Extraction of stevia glycosides with CO2 (2000) Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 17 (3), p. 271Reis-Vasco, E.M.C., Coelho, J.A.P., Palavra, A.M.F., Marrone, C., Reverchon, E., Mathematical modeling and simulation of penny royal essential oil supercritical extraction (2000) Chemical Engineering Science, 55, pp. 2917-2922Rodrigues, V.M., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical extraction of essential oil from Anise seed (Pimpinella anisum, L) using CO2: Kinetics and equilibrium data (2001) Proceedings of the 2nd international meeting on high pressure chemical engineering, , TUHH, Hamburg, Germany, March 7-9, 2001, CD-RomSchaeffer, S.T., Zalkow, L.H., Teja, A.S., Modeling of the supercritical fluid extraction of monocrotaline from Crotalaria spectabilis (1989) Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2 (1), pp. 15-21Sovová, H., Rate of the vegetable oil extract with supercritical CO2 - I. Modeling of extraction curves (1994) Chemical Engineering Science, 49 (3), pp. 409-414Sovová, H., Komers, R., Kucera, J., Jez, J., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of caraway essential oil (1994) Chemical Engineering Science, 49 (15), pp. 2499-2505Vidal, J.P., Richard, H., Obtention d'une oléorésine de poivre noir par extraction avec du dioxide decarbone dense ou un mélange de dioxide de carbone et d'ethanol (1987) Science des Aliments, 7, pp. 481-498Zancan, K.C., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Petenate, A.J., Extraction of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Oleoresin with CO2 and Co-solvents: A study of the antioxidant action of the extracts (2001) Proceedings of the 2nd international meeting on high pressure chemical engineering, , TUHH, Hamburg, Germany, March 7-9, 2001. CD-Ro

Production Of Valuable Compounds By Supercritical Technology Using Residues From Sugarcane Processing

[No abstract available]133151Albuquerque, C.L.C., Meireles, M.A.M., Estimate of the cost of manufacturing (COM) of natural colorants obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (2010), II Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids, Natal, Brazil, SC 113Allen, S.G., Kam, L.C., Zemann, A.J., Antal Jr, M.J., Fractionation of sugar cane with hot, compressed, liquid water (1996) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 35, pp. 2709-2715Alonso, E., Cantero, F.J., García, J., Cocero, M.J., Scale-up process of supercritical extraction with adsorption of solute onto active carbon (2002) Application to soil remediation. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 24, pp. 123-135Bravi, M., Bubbico, R., Manna, F., Verdone, N., Process optimization in sunflower oil extraction by supercritical CO2 (2002) Chemical Engineering Science, 57, pp. 2753-2764Brunner, G., Supercritical fluids: technology and application to food processing (2005) Journal of Food Engineering, 67, pp. 21-33Castaño, G., Arruzazabala, M.L., Fernández, L., Effects of combination treatment with policosanol and omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregation: a randomized, double-blind clinical study (2006) Current Therapeutic Research, 67, pp. 174-192de Lucas, A., García, A., Alvarez, A., Gracia, I., Supercritical extraction of long-chain n-alcohols from sugar cane crude wax (2007) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 41, pp. 267-271del Valle, J.M., Aguilera, J.M., High pressure CO2 extraction (1999) Fundamentals and applications in the food industry. Food Science and Technology International, 5, pp. 1-24Diaz, M.S., Brignole, E.A., Modeling and optimization of supercritical fluid processes (2009) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 47, pp. 611-618Díaz-Reinoso, B., Moure, A., Domínguez, H., Parajó, J.C., Supercritical CO2 extraction and purification of compounds with antioxidant activity (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, pp. 2441-2469Ehara, K., Saka, S., Decomposition behavior of cellulose in supercritical water, subcritical water, and their combined treatments (2005) Journal of Wood Science, 51, pp. 148-153Fullana, M., Trabelsi, F., Recasens, F., Use of neural net computing for statistical and kinetic modelling and simulation of supercritical fuid extractors (2000) Chemical Engineering Science, 55, pp. 79-95Garrote, G., Domínguez, H., Parajó, J.C., Hydorthermal processing of lignocellulosic materials (1999) Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff, 57, pp. 191-202Goldemberg, J., Ethanol for a sustainable energy future (2007) Science, 315, pp. 808-810Gouni-Berthold, I., Berthold, H.K., Policosanol: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic significance of a new lipid-lowering agent (2002) American Heart Journal, 143, pp. 356-365Hargrove, J.L., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D.K., Nutritional significance and metabolism of very long chain fatty alcohols and acids from dietary waxes (2004) Experimental Biology and Medicine, 229, pp. 215-226Laguna Granja, A., Magraner Hernandez, J., Carbajal Quintana, D., (1994), Mixture of higher primary aliphatic alcohols, its obtention from sugar cane wax and its pharmaceutical uses, Patent US 5663156Leal, P.F., (2008), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=727, Comparative study of cost of manufacturing and funcional properties of volatile oils obtained by supercritical extraction and steam distillation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PhD Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Leal, P.F., Takeuchi, T.M., Orestes, T., Simulation of flash tank operation conditions to improve anethole obtaining from two different sources by supercritical technology (2006), pp. 866-878. , VII Iberoamerican Conference on Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties for Process Design, Morélia, MexicoLeal, P.F., Takeuchi, T.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Comparison of two anethole sources (Foeniculum vulgare and Croton zethntneri Pax Et Hoffm) in terms of supercritical extraction: economical evaluation. (2007), In Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, SC-028Leal, P.F., Kfouri, M.B., Alexandre, F.C., Brazilian Ginseng extraction via LPSE and SFE: global yields, extraction kinetics, chemical composition and antioxidant activity (2010) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 54, pp. 38-45Lowther, S., Sbordone, J., Food product containing policosanols (2007), Patent CA 2544227Más, R., Rivas, P., Izquierdo, J.E., Pharmacoepidemiologic study of policosanol (1999) Current Therapeutic Research, 60, pp. 458-467Matilha, A., Cardozo-Filho, L., Wolff, F., Simulação do processo de desterpenação supercrítica do oleo essencial de laranja (2001) Acta Scientiarum - Technology, 23, pp. 1433-1437. , (in Portuguese)Mazaheri, H., Lee, K.T., Bhatia, S., Mohamed, A.R., Subcritical water liquefaction of oil palm fruit press fiber for the production of bio-oil: effect of catalysts (2010) Bioresource Technology, 101, pp. 745-751Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of bioactive compounds from Latin American plants (2008) Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds, , (ed. J. Martinez), CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, Boca RatonMiyafuji, H., Nakata, T., Ehara, K., Saka, S., Fermentability of water-soluble portion to ethanol obtained by supercritical water treatment of lignocellulosics (2005) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, pp. 963-972. , 121-124Miyazawa, T., Funazukuri, T., Polysaccharide hydrolysis accelerated by adding carbon dioxide under hydrothermal conditions (2005) Biotechnology Progress, 21, pp. 1782-1785Miyazawa, T., Funazukuri, T., Noncatalytic hydrolysis of guar gum under hydrothermal conditions (2006) Carbohydrate Research, 341, pp. 870-877Mok, W.S.-L., Antal Jr, M.J., Uncatalyzed solvolysis of whole biomass hemicellulose by hot compressed liquid water (1992) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 31, pp. 1157-1161Moreschi, S.R.M., (2004), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=86, Hydrolysis by using subcritical water and CO2, of the cellulose and starch present in the bagasse of the supercritical extraction of the ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe): oligossacharides production, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PhD Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Moreschi, S.R.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Hydrolysis of ginger bagasse starch in subcritical water and carbon dioxide (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 1753-1758Nakata, T., Miyafuji, H., Saka, S., Bioethanol from cellulose with supercritical water treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis (2006) Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, pp. 476-485. , 129-132Navarro-Díaz, H.J., Carvalho, G.H., Leal, P.F., Obtaining of extracts from Origanum vulgare and Cordia verbenacea via supercritical technology and steam distillation: process and economical study (2009), pp. P18. , 9th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Arcachon, FranceNoa, M., Mas, R., Protective effect of policosanol on atherosclerotic plaque on aortas in monkeys (2005) Archives of Medical Research, 36, pp. 441-447Ohta, Y., Ohashi, K., Matsura, T., Octacosanol attenuates disrupted hepatic reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with acute liver injury progression in rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (2008) Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 42, pp. 118-125Oomori, T., Khajavi, S.H., Kimura, Y., Hydrolysis of disaccharides containing glucose residue in subcritical water (2004) Biochemical Engineering Journal, 18, pp. 143-147Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Economic analysis of rosemary, fennel and anise essential oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (2007) Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22, pp. 407-413Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Evaluation of global yield, composition, antioxidant activity and cost of manufacturing of extracts from lemon verbena (Aloysia triphylla [L'Hérit.] Britton) and mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves (2007) Journal of Food Process Engineering, 30, pp. 150-173Pereira, C.G., Rosa, P.V.T., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction and isolation of indole alkaloids from Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC: Technical and economical analysis (2007) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 40, pp. 232-238Perrut, M., Industrial applications of supercritical fluids: development status and scale-up issues (2007) I Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids, Iguassu Falls, Brazil.Petersen, M.Ø., Larsen, J., Thomsen, M.H., Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw for production of bioethanol at low eater consumption without addition of chemicals (2009) Biomass & Bioenergy, 33, pp. 834-840Pons, P., Illnait, J., Más, R., A comparative study of policosanol versus probucol in patients with hypercholesterolemia (1997) Current Therapeutic Research, 58, pp. 26-35Prado, I.M., (2009), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=727, Use of simulator in scale up and economic viability study of supercritical fluid extraction from natural sources, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Master's Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Prado, J.M., Leal, P.F., Meireles, M.A.A., Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation (2009), pp. P19. , 9th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Arcachon, FrancePrado, I.M., Albuquerque, C.L.C., Cavalcanti, R.N., Meireles, M.A.A., Use of commercial process simulator to estimate the cost of manufacturing (COM) of carotenoids obtained via supercritical technology from palm and buriti trees (2009), pp. P20. , 9th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Arcachon, FrancePrado, J.M., Assis, A.R., Maróstica-Júnior, M.R., Meireles, M.A.A., Manufacturing cost of supercritical-extracted oils and carotenoids from Amazonian plants (2010) Journal of Food Process Engineering, 33, pp. 348-369Prado, J.M., Prado, G.H.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Scale-up study of supercritical fluid extraction process (2011) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 56, pp. 231-237Rogalinski, T., Liu, K., Albrecht, T., Brunner, G., Hydrolysis kinetics of biopolymers in subcritical water (2008) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 46, pp. 335-341Rosa, P.T.V., Meireles, M.A.A., Rapid estimation of the manufacturing cost of extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (2005) Journal of Food Engineering, 67, pp. 235-240Rouf, S.A., Douglas, P.L., Moo-Young, M., Scharer, J.M., Computer simulation for large scale bioprocess design (2001) Biochemical Engineering Journal, 8, pp. 229-234Rozário, C.H.R., Processo simplificado de obtenção de policosanol a partir de cera de cana-de-açúcar (2008), Patent BR PI0702137-2 (in Portuguese)Santos, D.T., Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of antioxidant compounds from jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) skins: yield, composition and economical evaluation (2010) Journal of Food Engineering, 101, pp. 23-31Sasaki, M., Kabyemala, B., Malaluan, R., Cellulose hydrolysis in subcritical and supercritical water (1998) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 13, pp. 261-268Sasaki, M.S., Fang, Z., Fukushima, Y., Dissolution and hydrolysis of cellulose in subcritical and supercritical water (2000) Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 39, pp. 2883-2890Sasaki, M., Adschiri, T., Arai, K., Fractionation of sugarcane bagasse by hydrothermal treatment (2003) Bioresource Technology, 86, pp. 301-304Schacht, C., Zetzl, C., Brunner, G., From plant materials to ethanol by means of supercritical fluid technology (2008) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 46, pp. 299-321Shintaku, A., Meireles, M.A.A., Processo de extração de componentes ativos da cera contida na torta de filtro resultante do processamento da cana de açúcar empregando processo de extração supercrítica (2008), Patent BR PI0701341-8 (in Portuguese)Shintaku, A., (2006), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=575, Obtaining extract from the residue of the sugar cane and alcohol industry using supercritical CO2: process parameter and estimative of the cost of manufacturing, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Master's Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Soccol, C.R., Vandenberghe, L.P.S., Medeiros, A.B.P., Bioethanol from lignocelluloses: Status and perspectives in Brazil (2010) Bioresource Technology, 101, pp. 4820-4825Takeuchi, T.M., Leal, P.F., Favareto, R., Study of the phase equilibrium formed inside the flash tank used at the separation step of a supercritical fluid extraction unit (2008) The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 43, pp. 447-459Takeuchi, T.M., Pereira, C.G., Braga, M.E.M., Low-pressure solvent extraction (solid-liquid extraction, microwave-assisted, and ultrasound assisted) from condimentary plants (2009) Extracting Bioactive Compounds for Food Products: Theory and Application, , (ed. M.A.A. Meireles), CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, Boca RatonTaylor, J.C., Rapport, L., Lockwood, G.B., Octacosanol in human health (2003) Nutrition, 19, pp. 192-195Teymouri, F., Laureano-Perez, L., Alizadeh, H., Dale, B., Optimization of the ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover (2005) Bioresource Technology, 96, pp. 2014-2018Thippeswamy, G., Sheela, M.L., Salimath, B., Octacosanol isolated from Tinospora cordifolia downregulates VEGF gene expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-kB and its DNA binding activity (2008) European Journal of Pharmacology, 588, pp. 141-150Turton, R., Bailie, R.C., Whiting, W.B., Shaeiwitz, J.A., (2003) Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes, , Prentice Hall, New Jersey(2010), www.unica.com.br, UNICA - Unĩao da Agroindústria Canavieira de São Paulo, Available from, Accessed in SeptemberVan Walsum, G.P., Shi, H., Carbonic acid enhancement of hydrolysis in aqueous pretreatment of corn stover (2004) Bioresource Technology, 93, pp. 217-226Veggi, P.C., (2009), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=737, Obtaining vegetable extracts by different extraction methods: experimental study and process simulation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Master's Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Veggi, P.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Economical evaluation of chamomile (2010), (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert) extract obtained via supercritical technology and low pressure solvent extraction. II Iberoamerican Conference on Supercritical Fluids, Natal, Brazil, SC 05Veggi, P.C., Prado, I.M., Vaz, N., Manufacturing cost of extracts from jackfruit (2009) Astocarpus heterophyllus, pp. P21. , leaves obtained via supercritical technology and solvent extraction. 9th International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, Arcachon, FranceVieira, T.M.F.S., (2003), http://www.fea.unicamp.br/alimentarium/ver_documento.php?did=207, Obtenção de cera de cana de açúcar a partir de subproduto da indústria sucro-alcooleira: extração, purificação e caracterização, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, PhD Thesis, Available from, (in Portuguese)Zhao, Y., Lu, W.-J., Wang, H.-T., Li, D., Combined supercritical and subcritical process for cellulose hydrolysis to fermentable hexoses (2009) Environmental Science & Technology, 43, pp. 1565-1570Zhao, Y., Lu, W.-J., Wang, H.-T., Yang, J.-L., Fermentable hexoses production from corn stalks and wheat straw with combined supercritical and subcritical hydrothermal technology (2009) Bioresource Technology, 100, pp. 5884-588

Trends In Annatto Agroindustry: Bixin Processing Technologies And Market

This paper presents an overview of the annatto agro industry by reviewing publications related to colorant technology production, the market, and the worldwide intellectual property protection. The aim was to identify solutions, technological advances and trends by observing the research and development activities and publication of patents in this area. In the last decade, the demand of annatto use in the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries increased. Advances in technology are observed throughout the production chain, such as improvements in raw material production, seed characteristics, colorant manufacturing processes and colorant formulations with the extract; socioeconomic benefits for the production regions are also observed. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers.5294102Non-Wood Forest Products 4. Natural colorants and dyestuffs, , www.fao.org/docrep/V8879E/V8879E00.htm, FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Available at, (Accessed on: January 25, 2011)Furtado, M., Colorants: Food industry adheres to the natural colorants, , http://www.quimicaederivados.com.br/index.php?sessao=reportagem&id=534&codigo_revis=421, Available at, (Accessed on: May 24, 2007)Oliveira, J.S., (2005) Characterization, extraction and purification by chromatography of annatto compounds (Bixa orellana L.), , PhD Thesis, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, FebruaryScotter, M.J., Thorpe, S.A., Reynolds, S.L., Wilson, L.A., Strutt, P.R., Characterization of the principal colouring components of annatto using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection (1994) Food Addit Contam, 11, pp. 301-315Scotter, M.J., Wilson, L.A., Appleton, G.P., Castle, L., Analysis of annatto (Bixa orellana) food coloring formulations. 1. Determination of coloring components and colored thermal degradation products by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (1998) J Agric Food Chem, 46, pp. 1031-1038Bareth, A., Strohmar, W., Kitzelmann, E., HPLC and spectrophotometric determination of annatto in cheese (2002) Eur Food Res Technol, 215, pp. 359-364Montenegro, M.A., Rios, A.O., Mercadante, A.Z., Nazareno, M.A., Borsarelli, C.D., Model studies on the photosensitized isomerization of bixin (2004) J Agric Food Chem, 52, pp. 367-373Rehbein, J., Dietrich, B., Grynbaum, M.D., Hentschel, P., Holtin, K., Kuehnle, M., Schuler, P., Albert, K., Characterization of bixin by LC-MS and LC-NMR (2007) J Separ Sci, 30, pp. 2382-2390Scotter, M., The chemistry and analysis of annatto food colouring: A review (2009) Food Addit Contam, 26, pp. 1111-1123Ramamoorthya, S., Dossa, F.P., Kundua, K., Satyanarayana, V.S.V., Kumarb, V., Molecular characterization of bixin-An important industrial product (2010) Ind Crop Prod, 32, pp. 48-53Annatto Extracts: Chemical and Technical Assessment, , ftp://ftp.fao.org/ag/agn/jecfa/cta_annatto.pdf, FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Available at, (Accessed on: May 24, 2007)Franco, C.F.O., Fabri, E.G., Barreiro Neto, M., Manfiolli, M.H., Harder, M.N.C., Rucker, N.C.A., (2008) Annatto: Production systems for Brazil, , 1 st ed. EMEPA: João PessoaMercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Rodrigues-Amaya, D., Pfander, H., Britton, G., Isolation of methyl 9'Z-apo-6'-lycopenoate from Bixa orellana (1996) Phytochem, 41, pp. 1201-1203Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Isolation and identification of new apocarotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds (1997) J Agric Food Chem, 45, pp. 1050-1054Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Isolation and structure elucidation of minor carotenoides from annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds (1997) Phitochem, 46, pp. 1379-1383Mercadante, A.Z., Steck, A., Pfander, H., Three minor carotenoids from annatto (Bixa orellana) seeds (1999) Phytochem, 52, pp. 135-139Bouvier, F., Dogbo, O., Camara, B., Biosynthesis of the food and cosmetic plant pigment bixin (annatto) (2003) Science, 300, pp. 2089-2090Giuliano, G., Rosati, C., Bramley, P.M., To dye or not to dye: Biochemistry of annatto unveiled (2003) Trends Biotechnol, 21, pp. 513-515Iqbal, M., International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview, , http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5326e/x5326e00.htm, FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at, (Accessed on: November 25, 2010)Satyanarayana, A., Prabhakara Rao, P.G., Rao, D.G., Chemistry, processing and toxicology of annatto (Bixa orellana L.) (2003) J Food Sci Technol, 40, pp. 131-141Carvalho, P.R.N., Production of colorific (2010) Proceedings of the 2 nd National Meeting of the Annatto Production Chain, , Campinas, Brazil, December 2Teramoto, J.R.S., Fabri, E.G., The annatto crop in the State of Sao Paulo (2010) Proceedings of the 2 nd National Meeting of the Annatto Production Chain, , Campinas, Brazil, December 2Fabri, E.G., Latesta, C.S., Rós-Gola, A., Teramoto, J.R.S., Pantano, A.P., Occurrence of annatto in the State of São Paulo, , http://www.iac.sp.gov.br/Tecnologias/Urucumsp/urucumsp.htm, Available at, (Accessed on: August 5, 2009)Franco, C.F.O., EMEPA extracts the highest colorant content from annatto in Brazil, , http://www.paraiba.pb.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=24004&Itemid=2, Available at, (Accessed on: May 5, 2008)The country's biggest producer, Rondônia, supplies the Southeast with annatto, , http://www.globoamazonia.com/Amazonia/0,MUL1617232-16052,00-MAIOR+PRODUTOR+DO+PAIS+RONDONIA+ABASTECE+O+SUDESTE+COM+URUCUM.html, Globo Amazônia, Available at, (Accessed on: January 29, 2011)Franco, C.F.O., Agriculture in the State of Paraíba generates wealth for exporters, , http://www.paraiba.com.br/noticia.shtml?13610, Available at, (Accessed on: May 4, 2007)Carvalho, P.R.N., The colorants from annatto (2010) Proceedings of the 2 nd National Meeting of the Annatto Production Chain, , Campinas, Brazil, December 2Pereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds: Fundamentals, applications and economic perspectives (2010) Food Bioprocess Technol, 3, pp. 340-372Chao, R.R., Mulvaney, S.J., Sanson, D.R., Hsieh, F., Tempesta, M.S., Supercritical CO 2 extraction of annatto (Bixa orellana) pigments and some characteristics of the color extracts (1991) J Food Sci, 56, pp. 80-83Degnan, A.J., Von Elbe, J.H., Hartel, R.W., Extraction of annatto seed pigment by supercritical CO 2 (1991) J Food Sci, 56, pp. 1656-1659Silva, G.F., Gamarra, F.M.C., Oliveira, A.L., Cabral, F.A., Extraction of bixin from annatto seeds using supercritical carbon dioxide (2008) Braz J Chem Eng, 25, pp. 419-426Nobre, B.P., Mendes, R.L., Queiroz, E.M., Pessoa, F.L.P., Coelho, J.P., Palavra, A.F., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of pigments from Bixa orellana seeds (experiments and modeling) (2006) Braz J Chem Eng, 23, pp. 251-258Meireles, M.A.A., Leal, P.F., Rosa, P.T.V., (2008) Extraction process and purification process in series of active compounds and colorants from solid matrices using supercritical CO2: Bixin from annatto, , PI0605425Perrut, M., Supercritical fluid application: Industrial development and economic issues (2000) Ind Eng Chem Res, 39, pp. 4531-4535Isager, P.P., Winning, M., (2007) Water dispersible compositions containing natural hydrophilic water-insoluble pigments, methods of preparing same and their use, , US7229490Souza, C.E., The rustic and profitable annatto, , http://diariodaregiao.com.br/noticias/corpo_noticia.asp?IdCategoria=177&IdNoticia=113129, Available at, (Accessed on: January 29, 2011)Sabliov, C.M., Astete, C.E., (2010) Water-soluble nanoparticles containing water-insoluble compounds, , US20100112073Tan, B., Foley, J., (2002) Tocotrienols and geranylgeraniol from Bixa orellana byproducts, , US6350453Tan, B., (2008) Annatto extract compositions, including geranyl geraniols and methods of use, , US20080031985Cardarelli, C.R., Benassi, M.T., Mercadante, A.Z., Characterization of different annatto extracts based on antioxidant and colour properties (2008) LWT-Food Sci Technol, 41, pp. 1689-1693Mercadante, A.Z., Capitani, C.D., Decker, E.A., Castro, I.A., Effect of natural pigments on the oxidative stability of sausages stored under refrigeration (2010) Meat Sci, 84, pp. 718-726Tibodeau, J.D., Isham, C.R., Bible, K.C., (2010) Annatto constituent cis-bixin has selective antimyeloma effects mediated by oxidative stress and associated with inhibition of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase antioxid redox sign, 13, pp. 987-997The measurement of scientific and technological activities. Using patent data as science and technology indicators-Patent Manual 1994, , http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/33/62/2095942.pdf, Available at, (Accessed on: January 29, 2011

Supercritical Technology In Brazil: System Investigated (1994-2003)

In this work, a review of the Brazilian scientific production in the past 10 years in the field of supercritical fluid is presented. The historical facts associated with the previous edition of the Brazilian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids are discussed. Because of the importance of the other South America countries contribution to the filed, a summary of the research published in the past 5 years by all South America countries is also presented. In the past 5 years (1999-2003) 82 papers from South American countries were published in journals indexed in the Web of Science data base. Of these, 26 papers were related to the use of supercritical fluids as an analytical tool. Supercritical extraction from a variety of vegetable raw material contributed with 38 papers and the petroleum industry added 2 papers to the field. Reactions contributed with 3 publications while thermodynamics and fundamental studies were responsible for 13 publications. The Brazilian contribution represented 53-84% of the publications in the above areas. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.342 SPEC. ISS.109117Sutter, L.E.D.N., Silva, M.F.F., Cassel, E., Extração supercrítica, uma nova tecnologia industrial (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 3Stuart, G.R., Oliveira, J.V., D'Avila, S.G., Extração de óleo essencial de alfavaca utilizando dióxido de carbono e altas pressões (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 11Franco, T.T., Marty, A., Condoret, J.S., Protein solubilization in reverse micelles using supercritical CO 2 (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 17Corrêa, N.C.F., Meireles, M.A.A., França, L.F., Araújo, M.E., Extração de óleo de semente de maracujá (Passiflora edulis) com CO2 supercrítico (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 29Cassel, E., Oliveira, J.V., Planejamento experimental aplicado à discriminação de modelos: Extração supercrítica na indústria alimentícia (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 38Lanças, F.M., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Queiroz, M.E.C., Marchi, E., Projeto, construção e aplicação de sistemas SFE "home-made". I. Aplicações de um sistema analítico no estudo de produtos naturais de origem vegetal (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 45Lanças, F.M., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Sargenti, S.R., Moraes, M.L.L., Nossack, A.C., Projeto, Construção e aplicação de sistemas SFE "home-made". II. Aplicações de um sistema semi-preparativo no estudo de produtos de origem vegetal (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 56Lanças, F.M., Pereira, D.M., Andrade, R.M.B., Projeto, construção e aplicação de sistemas SFE "home-made". III. Aplicações de um sistema estático no estudo de derivados de cana-de-açúcar e combustíveis alternativos (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 66Lanças, F.M., Galhiane, M.S., Barbirato, M.A., Rissato, S.R., Ferreira, L.H., Peres, R.G., Projeto, construção e aplicação de sistemas SFE "home-made". IV. Aplicação de um sistema dinâmico no controle de qualidade de alimentos de origem vegetal (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 75Ferrua, F.Q., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Óleo essencial de capim-limão obtido por extração com dióxido de carbono líquido (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 83Ferrua, F.Q., Meireles, M.A.A., Cinética de extração de óleo essencial de capim-limão com dióxido de carbono líquido (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 93Lanças, F.M., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Vasconcelos, E.C., Caleghini, R.M.S., Novas aplicações de sistemas SFE "home made": I. Plantas medicinais brasileiras (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 413Lanças, F.M., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Nossack, A.C., Vasconcelos, E.C., Caleghini, R.M.S., Cappelaro, E.A., Von Baer, D., Hasegawa, M., Novas aplicações de sistemas SFE "home made": II. Plantas da América do Sul (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 418Lanças, F.M., Assis, L.M., Souza, A.J., Kampen, M.H.V., Basseto Filho, A., Novas aplicações de sistemas SFE "home made": III. Energia química e elétrica Ciênc (1997) Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 423Lanças, F.M., Dórea, H.S., Müller, R.A., Fagundes, C.B., Novas aplicações de sistemas SFE "home made": IV. Qualidade dos alimentos (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 432Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Rissato, R.S., Novas aplicações de sistemas SFE "home made": VI. Controle de agrotóxicos em produtos alimentícios (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 437Mendes, M., Oliveira, J.V., Uller, A., Fracionamento de óleos de citros utilizando fluidos supercríticos (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 441Coelho, L.A.F., Oliveira, J.V., Pinto, J.C., Modelagem e simulação do processo de extração supercrítica do óleo essencial de alecrim (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 446Cardozo-Filho, L., Ferrua, F.Q., Meireles, M.A.A., Estudo do processo da extração supercrítica de óleos essenciais de produtos naturais (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 449Silva, G.F., Cabral, F.A., Estimativa das propriedades de carotenóides por métodos de contribuição de grupos (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 456Dariva, C., Coelho, L.A.F., Oliveira, J.V., Predicting diffusivities in dense fluids (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 461Jaffe, R., Diaz, D., Hajje, N., Chen, L., Eckardt, C., Furton, K.G., Hydrocarbon speciation in ancient sediments studied by stepwise high-temperature supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (1997) Org. Geochem., 26, p. 59Vieira De Melo, S.A.B., Uller, A.M.C., Pessoa, F.L.P., Análise termodinâmica da desterpenação do óleo da casca de laranja com CO2 supercrítico a partir de uma mistura sintética (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 467Vieira De Melo, S.A.B., Uller, A.M.C., Pessoa, F.L.P., Modelagem e simulação da desterpenação do óleo da casca de laranja com CO2 supercrítico em modo semi-contínuo (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 475Cardozo-Filho, L., Stragevitch, L., Wolff, F., Meireles, M.A.A., The generalized maximum likelihood method applied to high pressure phase equilibrium (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 481Cardozo-Filho, L., Wolff, F., Meireles, M.A.A., High pressure phase equilibrium: Prediction of essential oil solubility (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 485Oliveira, A.L., Cabral, F.A., Uso da equação de estado de Peng-Robinson com regra de mistura dependente da composição na predição do equilíbrio de fases do sistema ternário CO2-limoneno- citral (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 489Neves, G.B.M., Mohamed, R.S., Modelagem termodinâmica do fracionamento do óleo de manteiga com fluidos supercríticos (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 494Stuart, G., MacHado, R., Oliveira, J.V., Uller, A.C., Lima, E.L., Hybrid artificial neural network applied to modeling SCFE of basil and rosemary oils (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 501Souza, A.M., Oliveira, J.V., Tavares, F.W., Estudo da seletividade capacidade em sistemas sólido-gás (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 506Dariva, C., Oliveira, J.V., Pinto, J.C., Vale, M.G., Caramão, E.B., Statistical analysis of the SCFE of a Brazilian mineral coal (1997) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 17, p. 512Saldaña, M.D.A., Mohamed, R.S., Mazzafera, P., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of methylxanthines from mate tea leaves (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 251Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Rissato, S.R., Extraction of fluazinan residues from fruits by CO2 in the supercritical state (1997) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 20, p. 569Gerszt, R., Pessoa, F.L.P., Mendes, M.F., Phase behavior of sterols and vitamins in supercritical CO2 (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 261Pasquel, A., Meireles, M.A.A., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Extraction of stevia glycosides with CO2 + water, CO 2 + ethanol, and CO2 + water + ethanol (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 271Silva, E.A., Cardozo-Filho, L., Wolff, F., Meireles, M.A.A., Modeling the supercritical desorption of orange essential oil from a silica-gel bed (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 283Araujo, M.E., MacHado, N.T., França, L.F., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical extraction of pupunha (Guilielma speciosa) oil in a fixed bed using carbon dioxide (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 297Mizutani, F.T., Costa, A.L.H., Pessoa, F.L.P., Stochastic simulation of supercritical fluid extraction processes (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 307Chassagnez-Mendez, A.L., Correa, N.C.F., França, L.F., MacHado, N.T., Araújo, M.E., A mass transfer model applied to the supercritical extraction with CO2 of curcumins from turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L) (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 315Baumann, W., Rodrigues, S.V., Viana, L.M., Pigments and their solubility in and extractability by supercritical CO2 - I: The case of curcumin (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 323Eggers, R., Ambrogi, A., Von Schnitzler, J., Special features of SCF solid extraction of natural products: Deoiling of wheat gluten and extraction of rose hip oil (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 329Del Valle, J.M., Bello, S., Thiel, J., Allen, A., Chordia, L., Comparison of conventional and supercritical CO2-extracted rosehip oil (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 335Costa, A.L.H., Da Silva, F.P.T., Pessoa, F.L.P., Parameter estimation of thermodynamic models for high-pressure systems employing a stochastic method of global optimization (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 349Lanças, F.M., Galhiane, M.S., Rissato, S.R., Barbirato, M.A., Effect of temperature, collection mode, and modifier on the supercritical CO2 extraction of Dicofol residues from fish samples (1997) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 20, p. 369Waintraub, S., Fonseca, C.N., Soares, G.M.G., Campagnolo, E.A., Conversion of a deasphalting unit for use in the process of supercritical solvent recovery (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 355Martins, E.P., Aranda, D.A.G., Pessoa, F.L.P., Zotin, J.L., Hydrogenation of diesel aromatic compounds in supercritical solvent environment (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 361De Melo, S.A.B.V., Costa, G.M.N., Garau, R., Casula, A., Pittau, B., Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris (2000) Braz. J. Chem. Eng., 17, p. 367Augusto, F., Lopes, A.L.E., Zini, C.A., Sampling and sample preparation for analysis of aromas and fragrances (2003) Trac-Trend Anal. Chem., 22, p. 160Arancibia, V., Valderrama, M., Silva, K., Tapia, T., Determination of chromium in urine samples by complexation-supercritical fluid extraction and liquid or gas chromatography (2003) J. Chromatogr. B, 785, p. 303Olenka, L., Nogueiran, E.S., Medina, A.N., Baesso, M.L., Bento, A.C., Muniz, E.C., Rubira, A.F., Photoacoustic study of PET films and fibers dyed in supercritical CO 2 reactor (2003) Rev. Sci. Instrum., 74, p. 328Zuin, V.G., Yariwake, J.H., Bicchi, C., Fast supercritical fluid extraction and high-resolution gas chromatography with electron-capture and flame photometric detection for multiresidue screening of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in Brazil's medicinal plants (2003) J. Chromatogr. a, 985, p. 159Ibanez, E., Benavides, A.M.H., Senorans, F.J., Reglero, G., Concentration of sterols and tocopherols from olive oil with supercritical carbon dioxide (2002) J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 79, p. 1255Nunes, G.S., Santos, T.C.R., Barcelo, D., Pimenta, A.S., Ribeiro, M.L., Supercritical fluid extraction for some carbamate insecticides in potatoes samples, with HPLC/fluorescence determination and HPLC/mass spectrometry confirmation (2002) Quim. Nova., 25, p. 214Paroul, N., Cassel, E., Rota, L., Atti-Santos, A.C., Moyna, P., Grower, A.E., Serafini, L.A., Chemical composition of the volatiles of angelica root obtained by hydrodistillation and supercritical CO2 extraction (2002) J. Essent. Oil Res., 14, p. 282Moraes, M.D.L.L., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Lanças, F.M., Supercritical fluid extraction of glycosylated flavonoids from Passiflora leaves (1997) Phytochem. Anal., 8, p. 257Rostagno, M.A., Araújo, J.M.A., Sandi, D., Supercritical fluid extraction of isoflavones from soybean flour (2002) Food Chem., 78, p. 111Bauza, R., Rios, A., Valcarcel, M., Supercritical fluid extraction with in situ chiral derivatization for the enantiospecific determination of ibuprofen in urine samples (2001) Anal. Chim. Acta, 450, p. 1Celeghini, R.M.S., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Lancas, F.M., Extraction and quantitative HPLC analysis of coumarin in hydroalcoholic extracts of Mikania glomerata Spreng ("guaco") leaves (2001) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 12, p. 706Granados, D.L., Jimenez, A., Cuadrado, T.R., Assessment of parameters associated to the risk of PVC catheter reuse (2001) J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 58, p. 505Maraschin, M., Sugui, J.A., Wood, K.V., Bonham, C., Lanças, F.M., Araújo, P.S., Yunes, R.A., Verpoorte, R., J. D. Fontana Supercritical CO2 extraction of velutinol a from Mandevilla velutina (Apocynaceae) cultured cells and MALDI-TOF MS analysis (2001) Biotechnol. Lett., 23, p. 77Pinto, J.S.S., Cappelaro, E.A., Lanças, F.M., Design and construction of an on-line SPE-SFE-CGC system (2001) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 12, p. 192Tavares, M.C.H., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Lanças, F.M., Separation of underivatised triterpene acids by capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (2001) Phytochem. Anal., 12, p. 134Arancibia, V., Segura, R., Leiva, J.C., Contreras, R., Valderrama, M., Supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography or electroanalysis of metal chelates from different sample matrices (2000) J. Chromatogr. Sci., 38, p. 21Assis, L.M., Pinto, J.S.S., Lancas, F.M., Comparison among different extraction methods (PFE, SFE, sonication, Soxhlet) for the isolation of organic compounds from coal (2000) J. Microcol. Sep., 12, p. 292De Martinis, B.S., Lanças, F.M., An alternative supercritical fluid extraction system for aqueous matrices and its application in pesticides residue analysis (2000) J. Environ. Sci. Heal. B, 35, p. 539Sargenti, S.R., Lanças, F.M., Supercritical fluid extraction of Peumus boldus (Molina) (1997) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 20, p. 511De Vasconcelos, E.C., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Lanças, F.M., Comparison of extraction and clean-up methods for the analysis of friedelan-3-ol and friedelin from leaves of Maytenus aquifolium Martius (Celastraceae) (2000) Phytochem. Anal., 11, p. 247Lanças, F.M., Ruggiero, M.A., On-line coupling of supercritical fluid extraction to capillary column electrodriven separation techniques (2000) J. Microcol. Sep., 12, p. 61Nossack, A.C., Vilegas, J.H.Y., Von Baer, D., Lanças, F.M., Supercritical fluid extraction and chromatographic analysis (HRGC-FID and HRGC-MS) of Lupinus spp. Alkaloids (2000) J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 11, p. 495Tavares, M.C.H., Lanças, F.M., Open tubular supercritical fluid chromatography (ot-SFC) applied to the separation of coal-derived products obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (2000) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 23, p. 515Assis, L.M., Lancas, F.M., High-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry study of the volatile fraction obtained from high-inertinite Brazilian coal by supercritical fluid extraction (1999) J. Microcol. Sep., 11, p. 501Becerra, G., Menolasina, S., Salvador, A., Supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography of vitamin e in pharmaceutical preparations (1999) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 22, p. 300Lanças, F.M., Pereira, D.M., Supercritical fluid extraction of Brazilian coal with alcohols (1999) Energ. Source, 21, p. 355Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Galhiane, M.S., Determination of 2,4-D and Dicamba in food crops by MEKC (1999) Chromatographia, 50, p. 35Stashenko, E.E., Cervantes, M., Combariza, Y., Fuentes, H., Martinez, J.R., HRGC FID and HRGC MSD analysis of the secondary metabolites obtained by different extraction methods from Lepechinia chiedeana, and in vitro evaluation of its antioxidant activity (1999) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 22, p. 343Fontana, J.D., Lanças, F.M., Passos, M., Cappelaro, E., Vilegas, J., Baron, M., Noseda, M., Foerster, L.A., Selective polarity- and adsorption-guided extraction purification of Annona sp. polar acetogenins and biological assay against agricultural pests (1998) Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 70, p. 67Sargenti, S.R., Lanças, F.M., Supercritical fluid extraction of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (1997) Chromatographia, 46, p. 285Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Influence of temperature, pressure, modifier, and collection mode on supercritical CO2 extraction efficiencies of diuron from sugar cane and orange samples (1998) J. Microcol. Sep., 10, p. 473Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Galhiane, M.S., Off-line SFE-MEKC determination of diuron in sugar cane and orange samples (1998) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 21, p. 519Pimenta, A.S., Vital, B.R., Bayona, J.M., Alzaga, R., Characterisation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in liquid products from pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis by supercritical fluid extraction and GC/MS determination (1998) Fuel, 77, p. 1133Polese, L., Ribeiro, M.L., Methods for determination of hexachlorobenzene and pentachlorophenol in soil samples (1998) Talanta, 46, p. 915Salvador, A., Jaime, M.A., Guardia, M., Becerra, G., Supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography of vitamin e in pharmaceutical preparations (1998) Anal. Commun., 35, p. 53Sargenti, S.R., Lanças, F.M., Influence of the extraction mode and temperature in the supercritical fluid extraction of Tangor murcote (Blanco) × Citrus sinensis (Osbeck) (1998) J. Microcol. Sep., 10, p. 213Sargenti, S.R., Lanças, F.M., Influence of extraction mode and temperature in the supercritical fluid extraction of Citrus sinensis (Osbeck) (1998) J. Chromatogr. Sci., 36, p. 169Vilegas, J.H.Y., Marchi, E., Lanças, F.M., Extraction of low-polarity compounds (with emphasis on coumarin and kaurenoic acid) from Mikania glomerata ('guaco') leaves (1997) Phytochem. Anal., 8, pp. 266-270Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Extraction of atabron residues from cabbage with supercritical carbon dioxide (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 213Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Simultaneous extraction of norflurazon and oxadixyl residues from food crops with supercritical carbon dioxide (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 147Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Rissato, S.R., Supercritical fluid extraction of chlorothalonil residues from apples (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 547Coelho, L.A.F., Oliveira, J.V., D'Avila, S.G., Predição da solubilidade de compostos orgânicos em dióxido de carbono e elevadas pressões utilizando-se equações de estado e modelos de GE (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 101Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Galhiane, M.S., Supercritical fluid extraction of flumetralin in tobacco (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 416Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Galhiane, M.S., Off-line SFE-CZE analysis of carbamates residues in tobacco samples (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 323Lanças, F.M., Rissato, S.R., Mozeto, A.A., Off-line SFE-CGC-ECD analysis of 2,4-D and dicamba residues in real sugar cane, rice and corn samples (1996) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 19, p. 564Lopes, W.A., Andrade, J.B., Sources, formation, reactivity and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in atmosphere (1996) Quim. Nova., 19, p. 497Stashenko, E.E., Prada, N.Q., Martinez, J.R., HRGC/FID/NPD and HRGC/MSD study of Colombian ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) oils obtained by different extraction techniques (1996) HRC - J. High Res. Chromatogr., 19, p. 353Stashenko, E.E., Puertas, M.A., Combariza, M.Y., Volatile secondary metabolites from Spilanthes americana obtained by simultaneous steam distillation solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction (1996) J. Chromatogr. a, 752, p. 223Lanças, F.M., Barbirato, M.A., Galhiane, M.S., Extraction of norflurazon residues in cotton seeds with Supercritical CO2 (1995) Chromatographia, 40, p. 432Lanças, F.M., Queiroz, M.E.C., Silva, I.C.E., Simplex optimization of extraction of soybean oil by supercritical pentane (1995) Chromatographia, 40, p. 421Schneider, C., Breitmaier, E., Bayma, J.D., França, L.F., Kneifel, H., Krebs, H.C., Maravuic acid, a new seco-labdane diterpene from croton matourensis (1995) Liebigs Ann., 4, p. 709Fontana, J.D., Almeida, E.R.A., Baron, M., Guimaraes, M.F., Deschamps, F.C., Schwartsmann, G., Cervi, A.C., Lanças, F.M., Screening of acetogenin-producing plants in Brazilian flora - Annona and Rollinia seed oil as a source of the bioactive compounds and subproducts (1994) Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 45, p. 295Rocha, S.R.P., Oliveira, J.V., D'Avila, S.G., Seleção de co-solvente para extração de produtos naturais a altas pressões, utilizando-se dióxido de carbono (1994) Ciênc. Tecnol. Aliment., 14, p. 108Lanças, F.M., Galhiane, M.S., Barbirato, M.A., Supercritical-fluid extraction of oxadixyl from food crops (1994) Chromatographia, 39, p. 11Lanças, F.M., Queiroz, M.E.C., Silva, I.C.E., Seed oil extraction with supercritical carbon-dioxide modified with pentane (1994) Chromatographia, 39, p. 687Sargenti, S.R., Lanças, F.M., Design and construction of a simple supercritical-fluid extraction system with semi preparative and preparative capabilities for application to natural-products (1994) J. Chromatogr. a, 667, p. 213Del Valle, J.M., Jimenez, M., De La Fuente, J.C., Extraction kinetics of pre-pelletized Jalapeno peppers with supercritical CO2 (2003) J. Supercrit. Fluids, 25, p. 33Leal, P.F., Braga, M.E.M., Sato, D.N., Carvalho, J.E., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Functional properties of spice extracts obtained via supercritical fluid extraction (2003) J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, p. 2520Martinez, J., Monteiro, A.R., Rosa, P.T.V., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Multicomponent model to describe extraction of ginger oleoresin with supercritical carbon dioxide (2003) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 42, p. 1057Rodrigues, M.R.A., Caramão, E.B., Dos Santos, J.G., Dariva, C., Oliveira, J.V., The effects of temperature and pressure on the characteristics of t

Extraction Of Volatile Oils By Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Patent Survey

This review will cover the application of supercritical of fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining volatile oils (VOs) from aromatic, spice and medicinal plants. A brief discussion of advantages and disadvantages of SFE for obtaining these very complex mixtures of substances will be presented. The chemical profile of volatiles oils obtained by SFE will be compared with that obtained by the conventional process, that is, steam distillation. Applications of SFE to obtain clove and chamomile volatiles oils based on the LASEFÍs experience will also be considered. Finally, we will successively detail the patent evolution over time involving extraction of VOs by SFE that have been claimed. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.511722Rodrigues, V.M., Sousa, E.M.B.D., Monteiro, A.R., Chiavone-Filho, O., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Determination of the solubility of extracts from vegetable raw material in pressurized CO2: A pseudoternary mixture formed by cellulosic structure+solute+solvent (2002) J Supercrit Fluids, 22, pp. 21-36Moura, L.S., Carvalho Jr., R.N., Stefanini, M.B., Ming, L.C., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical fluid extraction from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): Global yield, composition and kinetic data (2005) J Supercrit Fluids, 35, pp. 212-219Meireles, M.A.A., Nikolov, Z.L., (1994) Org. Spices, Herbs and Edible Fungi, pp. 171-199. , In: Charalambous G, Ed., Amsterdam: Elsevier Science PublisherBaydar, H., Baydar, N.G., The effects of harvest date, fermentation duration and Tween 20 treatment on essential oil content and composition of industrial oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill) (2005) Ind Crop Prod, 21, pp. 251-255Ceriani, R., Meirelles, A.J.A., (2009) Extracting Bioactive Compounds For Food Products: Theory and Applications, pp. 18-35. , In: Meireles MAA, Ed., Boca Raton: CRC PressMartinez, J., Rosa, P.T.V., Menut, C., Leydet, A., Brat, P., Pallet, D., Valorization of brazilian vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash ex Small) oil (2004) J Agric Food Chem, 52, pp. 6578-6584Takeuchi, T.M., Pereira, C.G., Braga, M.E.M., Maróstica, M.R., Leal, P.F., Meireles, M.A.A., (2009) Extracting Bioactive Compounds For Food Products: Theory and Applications, pp. 138-218. , In: Meireles MAA, Ed., CRC Press: USAPereira, C.G., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds: Fundamentals, applications and economic perspectives (2010) Food Bioprocess Technol, 3, pp. 340-372Jung, J., Perrut, M.M., Particle design using supercritical fluids: Literature and patent survey (2001) J Supercrit Fluids, 20, pp. 179-219Knez, Z., Weidner, E., Particle formation and particle design using supercritical fluids (2003) Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci, 7, pp. 353-361Brunner, G., Near critical and supercritical water. Part I. Hydrolytic and hydrothermal processes (2009) J Supercrit Fluids, 47, pp. 373-381Santos, D.T., Meireles, M.A.A., Carotenoid pigments encapsulation: Fundamentals, techniques and recent trends (2010) Open Chem Eng J, 4, pp. 42-50Novick, B.J., Desimone, J.M., Carbonell, R.G., Deposition of thin polymeric films from liquid carbon dioxide using a high-pressure free-meniscus coating process (2004) Ind Eng Chem Res, 43, pp. 515-524Hannay, J.B., Hogarth, J., On the solubility of solids in gases (1879) Proc R Soc, 29, p. 324Francis, A.W., Ternary system of liquid CO2 (1954) J Phys Chem, 58, pp. 1099-1114Ekart, M.P., Bennett, K.L., Ekart, S.M., Gurdial, G.S., Liotta, C.L., Eckert, C.A., Cosolvent interactions in supercritical fluid solutions (1993) AIChE J, 39, pp. 235-248Zancan, K.C., Marques, M.O.M., Petenate, A.J., Meireles, M.A.A., Extraction of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) oleoresin with CO2 and co-solvents: A study of the antioxidant action of the extracts (2002) J Supercrit Fluids, 24, pp. 57-76Braga, M.E.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Accelerated solvent extraction and fractioned extraction to obtain the Curcuma longa volatile oil and oleoresin (2007) J Food Proc Eng, 30, pp. 501-521Quispe-Condori, S., Rosa, P.T.V., Sato, D.N., Carvalho, J.E., Foglio, M.A., Meireles, M.A.A., Global yield of the Supercritical CO2 extraction from Cordia verbenacea DC -Anticancer and antimycobacterial activities (2007) Pharmacogn Mag, 3, pp. 39-46Simándi, B., Oszagyán, M., Lemberkovics, E., Kéry, A., Kaszács, J., Thyrion, F., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of oregano oleoresin (1998) Food Res Int, 31, pp. 723-728Donelian, A., Carlson, L.H.C., Lopes, T.J., Machado, R.A.F., Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation (2009) J Supercrit Fluids, 48, pp. 15-20Hamdan, S., Daood, H.G., Toth-Markus, M., Illés, V., Extraction of cardamom oil by supercritical carbon dioxide and sub-critical propane (2008) J Supercrit Fluids, 44, pp. 25-30Kotnik, P., Skerget, M., Knez, Z., Supercritical fluid extraction of chamomile flower heads: Comparison with conventional extraction, kinetics and scale-up (2007) J Supercrit Fluids, 43, pp. 192-198Scalia, S., Giuffreda, L., Pallado, P., Analytical and preparative supercritical fluid extraction of Chamomile flowers and its comparison with conventional methods (1999) J Pharm Biomed Anal, 21, pp. 549-558Povh, N.P., Marques, M.O.M., Meireles, M.A.A., Supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil and oleoresin from chamomile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert) (2001) J Supercrit Fluids, 21, pp. 245-256Reverchon, E., Senatore, F., Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of chamomile essential oil and its analysis by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (1994) J Agric Food Chem, 42, pp. 154-158Kreuter, M., Kreuter, M.H., (2009) Plant Extract and Its Therapeutic Use, , WO2009138860-A1Berger, B.K., Kreuter, M.H., Yam, Y.Y., (2009) Medicament For Treating Cancer and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Comprises a Cubeb Extract With Antiandrogenic And/or Antiestrogenic Activity, , CH698610-B1Hioki, C., (2009) External Preparation Useful For Treating Dermatitis, Preferably Atopic Dermatitis, Comprises Essential Oil of Mugwort As Active Ingredient Obtained From Branched Stalks, Leaves And/or Compound Raceme of Mugwort, , JP2009091279-AKreuter, M.H., Kreuter, M., (2009) Plant Extract Composition For Treating of Proliferative And/or Inflammatory Condition Comprises Aqueous Extract of Camomile Flowers, , WO2008146009-A1Ferreira, Q.E., Queiroz, E.F., (2008) Composition For Treating Vitiligo, Comprises Iridoid, Flavonoid Or Ethyl Phenyl Propane Glycosilate Derivatives, Obtained By Synthesis Or Isolates From Alcoholic, Hydroalcoholic, Aqueous Or Organics Extracts of Parts of Stachytarpheta, , WO2008098325-A1Zhang, H., Li, Q., Liu, C., Liang, M., Wang, R., Wang, L., Zhao, Q., (2006) Preparation of Medicinal Compositions From E.g. Radix Genianae, Rhizoma Curcumae, Rhizoma Scutellariae, Rhizoma Sparganii and Radix Astragali, For Treating Hepatic Fibrosis and Early Cirrhosis, , WO2006026926-A1Kaneyasu, Y., Sato, D., Sekino, K., Tanaka, K., (2009) Herbicide Composition For Preventing Or Controlling Weeds E.g. Datura Or Solanum Nigrum, Comprises Oily Extract Obtained By Cooling Steam Generated In Drying Process of Material Part of Trees of Pinales, As Active Ingredient, , WO2009119569-A1Yao, L., Xu, Y., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Zuo, A., (2008) Method of Preparing the Water With Fragrant Plants Lavender, , CN1994269-AHuang, Y., (2010) Artificial Linaloe Oil, Useful For Producing a Chinese Medicine Essential Oil With Function of Refreshing, Comprises Aplotaxis Auriculata Extract, Camphor Leaves Extract and Blumea Balsamifera Extract, , CN101633868-ABang-Hoo, L., Chang-Min, H., Dae-Hee, S., Do-Hoon, K., Jae-Seok, C., Jae-Yong, K., Jang-Mi, C., Yong-Deuk, M., (2009) Pharmaceutical Composition Used As Health Food Or Food Additive In All Types of Foodstuffs For Preventing and Treating Obesity Related Diseases E.g. Cardiovascular Disease, Comprises Crude Extract of Alismatis Rhizome and Rhubarb Root, , KR2009109446-ABai, T., Tang, J., (2009) Balancing Lotion For Female E.g. Useful For Killing Staphylococcus Aureus, Colon Bacillus, Candida Albicans and Pathogenic Microorganisms Comprises Chinese Medicinal Essential Oil, Chloroxylenol, and Additives, , CN101474378-AKim, W.S., (2009) Natural Soap Preparation Involves Preparing Soap Base, Where Essential Oil and Additives Are Extracted At High Concentration of Rice Bran Oil From Rice Bran By Using Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide, , KR2008081659-AWang, Y., (2009) Cherry Soft Capsule is Prepared By Extracting Fresh Cherry and Black Sesame, Concentrating Corn Stigma, Wheat Germ, Dwarf Lilyturf and Radix Trichosanthis, Extracting, then Mixing With Propolis, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C, , CN101314005-ALiu, X., Chen, L., Shi, J., Wang, D., (2008) New Du Liang Compound Chinese Medicine Soft Capsule, Useful For Therapeutic Purposes, , CN101254226-AZhou, F., Wang, Y., Liu, S., (2008) Peony Essential Oil For Cigarette Aromatizing, is Obtained By Extracting Dried Peony Flower Using Supercritical Carbon-dioxide Fluid As Extracting Solvent At Preset Conditions, , CN101130715-AProplesch, R., Riegger, C., Simon, W., Wolfram, S., (2006) Purified Extract From Ligusticum Species, Useful For Nutraceutical Composition E.g. Food Item Or Nutritional Supplement, Comprises Specified Amount of Ligustilide and Fatty Acids and Glycerides, , WO2006081972-A1Bethuel, L., Carles, M., Neige, R., (1993) Extn. of Essential Oils, Flavourings, Perfumes, Alkaloid Etc. - From Vegetables and Flowers Etc., Using Supercritical Extn. Fluid, E.g. Carbon Dioxide to Dissolve Out Required Constituents, , WO8701299-A1(1999) Natural Essential Oil Extraction Uses Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract Column Chromatography Filled With Porous Polymerisation Resin, , HASEGAWA CO LTD (HASE), JP10316991-AHausmann, S.A., (1999) Production of Natural Antioxidants Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Aromatic Plants, , (HAUS-Non-standard), ES2128996-A1Webster, G.R.B., Sarna, L.P., (2002) Preparation of Cannabis Extracts Used For Health and Medicinal Products Comprises Harvesting Cannabis Comprising Seed and Chaff, Extracting Chaff With Solvent, Passing Extract Over Chromatographic Column and Collecting Fractions Lacking, , US6403126-B1Nakamura, Y., Kuwabara, H., Kajiya, T., (2005) Plant Essential Oil Production, Used For Deodorizer, Involves Contacting Plant Essential Oil Liquid Sample Prepared By Performing Extraction of Essential Oil-containing Plant Raw Material In Specific Solvent, With Carbon Dioxide Fluid, , JP2005213327-ALuo, A., Zhang, J., (2003) New Method For Extracting Jasmine Oil, , CN1428408-AYin, J., Ding, X., Li, Y., (2003) Method For Extracting and Purifying Natural Volatile Oil From Sophora Flower By Using Supercritical CO2 Fluid Extraction Process, , CN1380380-ADemarne, F., Guise, G.A.E., Guise-Ganz, A., (2004) New Extracts of Cryptomeria Japonica Buds, Useful E.g. As Cytoprotectants For the Skin In Cosmetic Compositions Having Antiaging and Moisturizing Action, , FR2850274-A1Peyrot, E., Presle, S., Demarne, F., (2010) New Extracts of Castanea Sativa Buds, Are Stimulants of Extracellular Matrix Component Synthesis By Dermal Cells and Cytoprotectants For the Skin, Useful In Cosmetic Compositions, , FR2850273-A1Demarne, F., Guise, G.A.E., (2004) New Extracts of Cryptomeria Japonica Buds, Are Stimulants of Extracellular Matrix Component Synthesis By Dermal Cells and Cytoprotectants For the Skin, Useful In Cosmetic Compositions, , FR2850272-A