The World Model of the Historical Buddha

This work presents the world model of the historical Buddha that represents the five aggregates of grasping, which form the core of the First Noble Truth in Buddhism. The model operates based on a dukkha potential field, with pairs of internal and external sense bases. The magnitudes of attractive and repulsive influences of pleasant and unpleasant sense objects, respectively, are defined by their dukkha potentials. Volition is derived from the model as the gradient of the dukkha potential providing the driving forces of attraction and repulsion. Inclinations and disinclinations in the dukkha potential field are a result of a programming process by repetitive thinking and pondering. Experiments with the model confirm its functionality. Internal and external sense bases merge in the metta state of loving-kindness, and the transition into a meditative jhana state puts the model elements out of service. This model is a novel translation from the Pali Canon that provides scientific clarity of the suttas and addresses natural science-oriented readers

Detection of a BSA-Biotin-Conjugate by a Novel Immunosensor

We describe a new kind of biosensor for the electro-magnetic sensing of analytes such as antibodies. In the present study the molecules bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the corresponding antibody (Anti-BSA) as well as biotin and NeutrAvidin are used as model systems. The analyte molecules are labelled with superparamagnetic microbeads and detected by sensor transducers with biofunctionalised microelectrodes. It is shown that a carboxyl-modified dextran (CMD) layer is well suited as an immobilization matrix for ligands on the microelectrode surface. The CMD layer offers a suitable and stable surface for binding of the antibodies and also suppresses unspecific binding of protein/antibody coated microbeads to the electroactive platinum surface