Prognostic Values of Tumor Necrosis Factor/Cachectin, Interleukin-l, Interferon-α, and Interferon-γ in the Serum of Patients with Septic Shock

Serum concentrations of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFNγ, and interferon-α (IFNα) were prospectively measured in 70 patients with septic shock to determine their evolution and prognostic values. In a univariate analysis, levels of TNF (P = .002) and IL-1β (P = .05) were associated with the patient's outcome, but not IFNα (P = .15) and IFNγ (P = .26). In contrast, in a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the severity of the underlying disease (P = .01), the age of the patient (P = .02), the documentation of infection (nonbacteremic infections vs. bacteremias, P = .03), the urine output (P = .04), and the arterial pH (P = .05) contributed more significantly to prediction of patient outcome than the serum levels of TNF (P = .07). After 10 days, the median concentration of TNF was undetectable <100 pg/ml) in the survivors, whereas it remained elevated (305 pg/ml, P = .002) in the nonsurvivors. Thus, in patients with septic shock due to various gram-negative bacteria, other parameters than the absolute serum concentration of immunoreactive TNF contributed significantly to the prediction of outcom

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of a multipurpose essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse: A 6-month randomized clinical trial

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:57:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Products Worldwide (Division of Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies)Objective: This 6-month, examiner-blind, single-center, randomized, parallel group clinical trial compared the antiplaque and antigingivitis effects of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse with zinc chloride and sodium fluoride (EO) to a 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride-containing mouthrinse (CPC) also with fluoride. Method and Materials: Four hundred and eight gingivitis subjects were monitored for the primary outcomes of modified Gingival Index (MGI) and Plaque Index (PI) at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Subjects were randomly assigned to 6-month twice a day unsupervised use of EO, CPC, or negative control rinse in conjunction with normal brushing and flossing. Results: EO was always better than CPC at 3 and 6 months considering all parameters. All benefits allowed by EO increased from 3 to 6 months. CPC was better than the negative control at 3 and 6 months with respect to whole mouth plaque, and the proportion of more severe sites (baseline scores >= 3) in PI and MGI. At 6 months, CPC did not differ from negative control in relation to whole mouth MGI reduction, proximal MGI reduction, and percentages of sites improved over baseline in PI and MGI. Conclusion: This new EO mouthrinse provided superior clinical benefits to CPC and demonstrated increasing plaque and gingivitis reductions over 6 months. Our findings support the regular long-term use of the EO mouthrinse and selection over a 0.05% CPC rinse for better efficacy. (Quintessence Int 2012; 43:e82-e94)[Cortelli, Sheila Cavalca; Cortelli, Jose Roberto] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Dept Periodontol[Wu, Mei-Miau] Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Prod Worldw, Biostat Biometr & Clin Data Syst, Morris Plains, NJ USA[Simmons, Krista] Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Prod Worldw, Oral Care Res Dev & Engn, Morris Plains, NJ USA[Charles, Christine Ann] Johnson & Johnson Consumer & Personal Prod Worldw, Sci & Profess Affairs, Oral Care Res Dev & Engn, Morris Plains, NJ US

Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of three antiseptic mouthrinses: a two week randomized clinical trial

The objective of this randomized, examiner blind, parallel group, controlled clinical trial was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (EO) to two mouthrinses containing 0.05% Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), one with alcohol and one alcohol-free, using a two-week experimental gingivitis validated-model with a 5% hydroalcohol rinse serving as the negative control. One hundred and fifty-nine subjects, 56 males and 103 females; ranging in age from 18 to 58 years in good general health were assigned to one of the four treatment groups: EO (n = 40), 0.05% CPC with alcohol (CPCa, n = 39), 0.05% CPC alcohol-free (CPCna, n = 40), and 5% hydroalcohol negative control (n = 40). The Mean Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the Mean Modified Gingival Index (MGI) were the primary efficacy endpoints and were evaluated at baseline and at two weeks. Following baseline examinations, subjects received a complete dental prophylaxis and began supervised rinsing with their assigned mouthrinse twice daily for two weeks, as their sole oral hygiene measure; 151 subjects completed the trial. Two weeks after baseline the EO adjusted mean PI and MGI scores were significantly lower than those of both CPC rinses and negative control (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the EO mouthrinse demonstrated significantly greater antiplaque and antigingivitis efficacy than both CPC-containing mouthrinses and the negative control

Assessment of Different Cetirizine Dosing Strategies on Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms: Findings of Two Randomized Trials

Background Cetirizine has been shown to be effective for relief of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) symptoms. Allergic rhinitis symptoms have been reported to have circadian variations, with symptoms tending to be most bothersome overnight and in the morning. Objective To evaluate the effects of different cetirizine dosing schedules in comparison to twice daily (BID) chlorpheniramine and placebo on SAR symptoms at 12 and 24 hours postdose. Methods Study 1 subjects received cetirizine 10-mg once daily in the morning (QAM), cetirizine 10-mg once daily at bedtime (QHS), cetirizine 5-mg twice daily, or placebo. Study 2 subjects received cetirizine 5-mg QAM, cetirizine 10-mg QHS, chlorpheniramine 8-mg BID, or placebo. The primary end point was total symptom severity complex (TSSC); TSSC was the sum of symptom severity ratings averaged over the 2-week study period. Post hoc analyses of reflective symptom severity assessed in the morning (TSSC AM ) and in the evening (TSSC PM ) were conducted to evaluate cetirizine’s effects at 12 and 24 hours postdose. Results In study 1, subject- and investigator-assessed TSSC was significantly lower in all cetirizine groups versus placebo ( P ≤ .003). In study 2, subject-assessed TSSC was significantly lower in all cetirizine groups versus placebo ( P ≤ .04) and was numerically lower for investigator-assessed TSSC. Post hoc analyses demonstrated that cetirizine significantly improved TSSC AM at 12 and 24 hours postdose versus placebo in both studies regardless of dosing schedule. TSSC PM significantly improved at 12 and 24 hours postdose in all study 1 cetirizine groups versus placebo. In study 2, versus placebo, TSSC PM significantly improved at 12 hours postdose in cetirizine 5-mg QAM group and numerically improved at 24 hours postdose in cetirizine 10-mg QHS group. Conclusion Regardless of dosing regimen, cetirizine demonstrates effective 24-hour relief of SAR symptoms, particularly on TSSC AM , which assesses overnight and early morning symptom control