Clinical observation on different nucleus delivery methods in small incision cataract surgery with non-phacoemulsification

AIM: To compare the clinical effect and characteristics of lens loop extracting nucleus method, water irrigation and nucleus fragmentation within anterior chamber in small incision cataract surgery with non-phacoemulsification. <p>METHODS:There were 324 cases(324 eyes)with senile cataract randomly divided into three groups, by the lens loop extracting nucleus method(group A), water irrigation(group B)and nucleus fragmentation within anterior chamber(group C), to complete the process of nucleus division. The time of nuclear removal, complication during operation, the degree of edema of corneal endothelium on the first day after the surgery and visual acuity after surgery were observed and recorded.<p>RESULTS:The average extracting nucleus time was 45s in lens loop(group A); 34s in water irrigation(group B)and 65s in manual fragmentation(group C).The differences of average time are statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05), and the complications in lens loop and manual fragmentation mainly are iris trauma and posterior capsular rupture; the complication in the water irrigation is hyphema. Regarding corneal edema from 0 to 1degree, the difference between group A and group B, group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). The difference between group A and group C had no statistical significance(<i>P</i>>0.05).Regarding the visual acuity on the first day after surgery, the difference between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05), The visual acuity on the 7th day after surgery: the difference between group B and group C were statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). In terms of the visual acuity on 1 momth after surgery: three groups have no statistically significant difference(<i>P</i>>0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:Manual fragmentation has obvious advantages in removing nuclear above Ⅳ grade; The water irrigation method has fewer complications with low incidence of corner edema, which is more preferable in removing the nuclear below Ⅳ grade

Europium-doped amorphous calcium phosphate porous nanospheres: preparation and application as luminescent drug carriers

Calcium phosphate is the most important inorganic constituent of biological tissues, and synthetic calcium phosphate has been widely used as biomaterials. In this study, a facile method has been developed for the fabrication of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)/polylactide-block-monomethoxy(polyethyleneglycol) hybrid nanoparticles and ACP porous nanospheres. Europium-doping is performed to enable photoluminescence (PL) function of ACP porous nanospheres. A high specific surface area of the europium-doped ACP (Eu3+:ACP) porous nanospheres is achieved (126.7 m2/g). PL properties of Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are investigated, and the most intense peak at 612 nm is observed at 5 mol% Eu3+ doping. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments indicate that the as-prepared Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are biocompatible. In vitro drug release experiments indicate that the ibuprofen-loaded Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres show a slow and sustained drug release in simulated body fluid. We have found that the cumulative amount of released drug has a linear relationship with the natural logarithm of release time (ln(t)). The Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are bioactive, and can transform to hydroxyapatite during drug release. The PL properties of drug-loaded nanocarriers before and after drug release are also investigated

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Clinical observation of two kinds of lacrimal laser operations for dacryagogatresia

AIM: To compare the effect of two surgical methods: lacrimal laser combined with mitomycin-C and lead-type silicone tube implantation and lacrimal laser combined with lead-type silicone tube implantation only, for dacryagogatresia treatment. <p>METHODS: After dacryagogatresia was opened by Nd:YAG laser, 143 cases(150 eyes)in group A underwent lacrimal laser combined with mitomycin-C and lead-type silicone tube implantation. One hundred and forty-three cases(150 eyes)of group B was treated with lacrimal laser combined with lead-type silicone tube implantation only.<p>RESULTS: In group A, 138 eyes(92.0%)was cured, 10(6.7%)was improved, and the total efficiency was 98.7%, 2 was failed. In group B, 107 eyes(71.3%)was cured, 32(21.3%)was improved, and the total efficiency was 92.7%, 11 was failed. Differences of cure rate(<i>χ</i>²=4.15, <i>P</i><0.05)and total efficiency(<i>χ</i>²=5.00, <i>P</i><0.05)between two groups had statistical significance. <p>CONCLUSION:lacrimal Laser combined with mitomycin-C and lead-type silicone tube implantation is more effective compared with the method of lacrimal laser combined with lead-type silicone tube implantation only

Europium-doped amorphous calcium phosphate porous nanospheres: preparation and application as luminescent drug carriers

Abstract Calcium phosphate is the most important inorganic constituent of biological tissues, and synthetic calcium phosphate has been widely used as biomaterials. In this study, a facile method has been developed for the fabrication of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)/polylactide-block-monomethoxy(polyethyleneglycol) hybrid nanoparticles and ACP porous nanospheres. Europium-doping is performed to enable photoluminescence (PL) function of ACP porous nanospheres. A high specific surface area of the europium-doped ACP (Eu3+:ACP) porous nanospheres is achieved (126.7 m2/g). PL properties of Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are investigated, and the most intense peak at 612 nm is observed at 5 mol% Eu3+ doping. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments indicate that the as-prepared Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are biocompatible. In vitro drug release experiments indicate that the ibuprofen-loaded Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres show a slow and sustained drug release in simulated body fluid. We have found that the cumulative amount of released drug has a linear relationship with the natural logarithm of release time (ln(t)). The Eu3+:ACP porous nanospheres are bioactive, and can transform to hydroxyapatite during drug release. The PL properties of drug-loaded nanocarriers before and after drug release are also investigated.</p