陳順馨 :《中國當代文學的敘事與性別》

此文評論陳順馨著的《中國當代文學的敘事與性別》

Oestrogen and thyroid hormone interactions in the regulation of bone mass

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass, reduced bone mineral density and a deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in increased susceptibility to fragility fractures. Oestrogen deficiency and thyrotoxicosis are established risk factors for osteoporosis. Oestrogen and thyroid hormone have opposing actions on adult bone and I hypothesise that accelerated bone loss at the menopause is due to unopposed actions of thyroid hormone on the skeleton. To test this hypothesis, I investigated the effect of altered thyroid status on the skeleton in adult sham-operated and ovariectomised wild type and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) α and β knockout mice (TRα0/0 and TRβ-/-). Skeletal phenotype analysis included determination of structural, densitometric, histomorphometric and biomechanical parameters. Skeletal phenotypes of euthyroid wild type mice were compared to hypothyroid and thyrotoxic wild type as well as TRα0/0and TRβ-/- mice. Bone mass was elevated in TRα0/0and reduced in TRβ-/- mice despite similar bone formation rates. These data suggest that the differences in bone mass are due to differing osteoclast activity. The skeletal phenotypes of TRα0/0 and TRβ-/- mice following manipulation of thyroid status were then described in detail. TRβ-/- and wild type mice rendered hypothyroid, had significantly lower bone formation than hypothyroid TRα0/0 mice suggesting that, in the absence of thyroid hormone, TRα may inhibit bone formation. Finally, the effect of oestrogen withdrawal in each of these groups of mice was also investigated. These studies demonstrate oestrogen deficiency bone loss was greater in hypothyroid compared to hyperthyroid mice, indicating that accelerated bone loss following oestrogen withdrawal cannot result from unopposed actions of thyroid hormones. Nevertheless, the studies contained in this thesis provide new insight regarding the roles of TRα and TRβ in bone maintenance and the effects of interactions between oestrogen and thyroid hormones on the regulation of bone mass.Open Acces

Dry Etched III-V Semiconductors for Nanoelectronics

The purpose of this work was to try to identify the amount, degree and physical nature of the damage caused on both the surface and sidewalls of reactive ion etched GaAs and AlGaAs nanostructures using a variety of complimentary characterisation techniques, and to develop low damage high resolution dry etch processes for GaAs and AlGaAs. The gases investigated included SiCl4, CH4/H2 and CCl2F2/He. Two new methods of etching GaAs anisotropically by magnetron radio-frequency and electron cyclotron resonance radio-frequency reactive ion etching employing CCl2F2/He, and the use of a novel gas mixture CH4/H2 to reactive ion etch GaAs in the conventional radio-frequency mode were developed. It was found to be important to distinguish between surface and sidewall damage, and both were characterised using electrical, optical as well as analytical techniques. In particular, two novel processes were developed using high resolution fabrication techniques for the construction of sidewall Schottky diodes and electron transparent thin wire specimens to allow the amount of sidewall damage to be estimated and its nature to be realised through diode characteristic measurements and transmission electron microscopy analysis. To investigate the surface damage caused after etching, techniques such as Schottky diode performance, integrated band-gap photoluminescence, Raman scattering and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed; and for the first time, the usefulness of specular X-ray reflectivity for the identification of surface damage was explored. Sidewall damage was examined using room and low temperature conductivity, and low temperature magnetoconductance of n+ GaAs quantum wires, sidewall Schottky diode characteristics and transmission electron microscopy on thin wire specimens. The dependence of surface and sidewall damage on etch time and etch power was also studied

Restoring proximal caries lesions conservatively with tunnel restorations

The tunnel restoration has been suggested as a conservative alternative to the conventional box preparation for treating proximal caries. The main advantage of tunnel restoration over the conventional box or slot preparation includes being more conservative and increasing tooth integrity and strength by preserving the marginal ridge. However, tunnel restoration is technique-sensitive and can be particularly challenging for inexperienced restorative dentists. Recent advances in technology, such as the contemporary design of dental handpieces with advanced light-emitting diode (LED) and handheld comfort, offer operative dentists better vision, illumination, and maneuverability. The use of magnifying loupes also enhances the visibility of the preparation. The advent of digital radiographic imaging has improved dental imaging and reduced radiation. The new generation of restorative materials has improved mechanical properties. Tunnel restoration can be an option to restore proximal caries if the dentist performs proper case selection and pays attention to the details of the restorative procedures. This paper describes the clinical technique of tunnel restoration and reviews the studies of tunnel restorations.published_or_final_versio

Interest in nutrient information, nutrition topics and computer-generated nutrition information by college students

Call number: LD2668 .R4 HRIM 1989 C54Master of ScienceHospitality Management and Dietetic

An integrated information retrieval and document management system

This paper describes the requirements and prototype development for an intelligent document management and information retrieval system that will be capable of handling millions of pages of text or other data. Technologies for scanning, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), magneto-optical storage, and multiplatform retrieval using a Standard Query Language (SQL) will be discussed. The semantic ambiguity inherent in the English language is somewhat compensated-for through the use of coefficients or weighting factors for partial synonyms. Such coefficients are used both for defining structured query trees for routine queries and for establishing long-term interest profiles that can be used on a regular basis to alert individual users to the presence of relevant documents that may have just arrived from an external source, such as a news wire service. Although this attempt at evidential reasoning is limited in comparison with the latest developments in AI Expert Systems technology, it has the advantage of being commercially available

Análisis de las publicaciones periódicas marciales chinas editadas durante el periodo republicano

El presente artículo estudia las revistas y periódicos de temática marcial publicados en China durante el periodo republicano (1912–1949). Las fuentes principales del estudio han sido el índice y los treinta volúmenes de la Colección de Periódicos de Artes Nacionales del Periodo Republicano (Mingguo Guoshu Qi Kan Wenxian Jicheng), editados por Shi Yong Xing en el año 2008. Además de diversos datos básicos referentes a cada una de las 45 publicaciones localizadas (título, editor, lugar de publicación y permanencia), el trabajo hace hincapié en el contexto en que se produce esta eclosión de publicaciones marciales, caracterizado por los intentos de China por surgir como una nación digna de ser reconocida en el teatro mundial. A modo de ejemplo de la riqueza de informaciones contenidas en estas revistas y periódicos, se analizan diversos aspectos específicos sobre las artes marciales del periodo, desde su propia definición hasta su contribución a la exaltación del espíritu nacionalista chino, a la preparación del ejército y en general al fortalecimiento de la nación

Las artes marciales del ejército chino en el Periodo Republicano

A principios del s. XX, China fue víctima de numerosos ataques provenientes de los poderes extranjeros, los cuales dieron paso a la pérdida de algunos de sus territorios y supusieron una afrenta al orgullo nacional. Las artes marciales tradicionales se vieron incapaces de vencer los métodos y el moderno armamento que los enemigos de China tenían a su disposición. A pesar de estas desventajas, las fuerzas chinas hicieron uso de su ingenio, y utilizando sistemas y armas de combate ancestrales lograron con un éxito limitado frenar la invasión de su territorio. Este periodo fue testigo de la última vez en que las armas blancas se enfrentaron a un ejército moderno en el territorio chino