DEVELOPMENT OF TLC FINGERPRINTING PROFILE OF SHADANGA PANIYA – AN AYURVEDIC FORMULATION TO TREAT SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Shadanga Paniya is a compound Ayurvedic formulation that contains six ingredients. Ayurvedic Physicians have been using Shadanga Paniya to treat fever for ages. Symptoms of COVID-19 are also being treated by Shadanga Paniya. However, the Shadanga Paniya has not reported standardisation. AIMS: To prepare Shadanga Paniya as per the standard classical protocol. To carry out qualitative tests, standardisation and TLC profile development for Shadanga Paniya. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the ingredients of Shadanga Paniya wiz. Nagarmotha, Pittapapada, Khasa, Lal Chandana, Sugandhbala and Sunthi were taken in equal amounts. All these ingredients are heated over mild heat with water. The filtration of liquid Shadanga Paniya is carried out after completing proper deduction. Shadanga Paniya was subjected to organoleptic tests. Qualitative tests, physicochemical parameters and thin layer chromatography studies were also carried out. The comparative TLC studies of Shadanga Paniya was carried out with its ingredients. RESULTS: Organoleptic tests of Shadanga Paniya showed that the colour of the liquid was reddish-brown, and the liquid was clear. It has a characteristic odour with an astringent taste. Qualitative analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponin, phenols and glycosides. Test sample parameters revealed a total solids content (0.812 % w/v) and specific gravity (1.0083). The test sample has a Refractive index (1.334) and pH (4.2). The Thin Layer Chromatography study exhibited 3 bands at 254 nm and 366 nm. After spray, it showed 7 bands under 254 nm and 366 nm. The comparative TLC studies showed the similarities between Shadanga Paniya and its ingredients. CONCLUSION: The typical type of solvent system [Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid: Methanol (6:3:0.1:1)] is shows the proper separation in Shadanga Paniya. Therefore, the findings of the present study may be found helpful to standardise Shadanga Paniya

The relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement in medical undergraduate

Background: In today’s era of technology, intelligence and success are not viewed the same way they were before. New theories of intelligence have been introduced and are gradually replacing the traditional theory. Academic achievement is based on creativity, emotions, and interpersonal skills. Methods: The aim of this study was to see whether there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and academic success. Study was done on 1st MBBS students of Govt. Medical College, Bhavnagar. The sample size was 75 students (boys and girls). The emotional intelligence questionnaire from Institute for Health and Human Potential was given to the students, Depending on the EQ score we divided the students in to five groups and compared with their academic performance. Results: Study showed inverse relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement.Conclusion: There is a negative relation among emotional intelligence and academic achievement of the participants

Meeting report: International workshop on implementation of biowaivers based on the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)

Even though the pivotal article stating the theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutics drug classification (1) was published almost 20 years ago, the extension of BCS-based biowaiver decisions to drugs belonging to BCS classes other than those showing high solubility and high permeability has not yet reached a consensus among regulators, industrial scientists, and academics. Also, within some jurisdictions, BCS principles have not yet been incorporated into legal frameworks and thus have not been used to allow science- and risk-based regulatory flexibility. This report provides a brief description of the presentations from the International Workshop on Implementation of Biowaivers based on the BCS in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that took place on March 5–6, 2015. The meeting was cosponsored by National University of La Plata, Confederación Farmacéutica Argentina, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). The main objectives of the meeting were to describe the state of the art with respect to in vitro and in silico tools to support waiving in vivo bioequivalence studies and to foster discussion about implementing BCS-based biowaiver decisions to support generic drug registration in South America. Two hundred and fifteen scientists from universities, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory authorities took part in this meetingFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Meeting report: International workshop on implementation of biowaivers based on the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)

Even though the pivotal article stating the theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutics drug classification (1) was published almost 20 years ago, the extension of BCS-based biowaiver decisions to drugs belonging to BCS classes other than those showing high solubility and high permeability has not yet reached a consensus among regulators, industrial scientists, and academics. Also, within some jurisdictions, BCS principles have not yet been incorporated into legal frameworks and thus have not been used to allow science- and risk-based regulatory flexibility. This report provides a brief description of the presentations from the International Workshop on Implementation of Biowaivers based on the BCS in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that took place on March 5–6, 2015. The meeting was cosponsored by National University of La Plata, Confederación Farmacéutica Argentina, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). The main objectives of the meeting were to describe the state of the art with respect to in vitro and in silico tools to support waiving in vivo bioequivalence studies and to foster discussion about implementing BCS-based biowaiver decisions to support generic drug registration in South America. Two hundred and fifteen scientists from universities, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory authorities took part in this meetingFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Immunization Status of 12-23 Months Children of Urban Jamnagar

Background: Immunization is one of most cost effective public health intervention. Aims: (1) To assess immunization status among children of 12-23 months age group (2) To find out left out/dropout rate (3) To check association of socio demographic factors with immunization status. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study of sample 240 children aged between 12 to 23 months (using 30 cluster sampling technique) from Jamnagar municipal corporation area. Immunization of child was assessed through immunization card, presence of BCG scar & interview. Results: Out of 240 children, Coverage of BCG-99.58%, OPV0-94.58%, DPT1-98.33%, DPT2-96.67%, DPT3-95.42%, OPV1-96.67%, OPV2-95.83%, OPV3-4.58%. Coverage of HepB1, HepB2, and HepB3 were 73.33%, 70.42%, 68.75% respectively. Coverage of measles was 87.75%. Fully immunized children were 65%. Vaccine dropout of BCG-Measles was highest 11.34%, followed by DPT1-measles 10.58%. For BCG-DPT3 4.17%, DPT1-DPT3 2.96% & for HEP1-HEP3 6.25%. Fully immunized status was higher among male child as compare to female child which was statistically significant. Fully immunized children were more in Hindu religion compared to others which was statistically significant. No association found between educations of mother & immunization status of child. Socioeconomic class had no association with immunization status. Conclusion: Vaccination coverage shows gradual improvement in last decade (Fully immunized 65%) but at the same time reflects incomplete utilization (dropout rate is around 11%). Coverage was higher among male children as compared to female children which indicate the existence of gender difference in utilization of immunization services in our study areas. Utilization of immunization services was higher in Hindu community as compared to other community

Measuring Vision With Temporally Modulated Stripes in Infants and Children with ROP

Purpose. To determine differences in preferential looking (PL) acuities using stationary and temporally modulated stripe patterns in patients with various stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods. We measured the PL acuities of 134 patients (ages 4 mo to 13 yr) with various stages of ROP. Patients were divided into six subgroups according to PL vision measured with stationary stripes: (1) equal to or better than 20/200 (n = 24); (2) worse than 20/200 to 20/400 (n = 10); (3) worse than 20/400 to 20/800 (n = 15); (4) worse than 20/800 to 20/1600 (n = 13); (5) worse than 20/1600 to 20/6400 (n = 26); and (6) worse than 20/6400 (n = 46; no stationary vision). Results. In the group with PL acuity equal to or better than 20/200, no difference in vision was apparent between the two methods. In patients with acuities worse than 20/200 to 20/400, the temporally modulated PL acuities were 0.23 octave better than the PL acuities measured with the stationary stripes. The difference increased to 0.86 and 1.12 octaves in the groups with visual acuities worse than 20/400 to 20/800 and worse than 20/800 to 20/1600, respectively. The difference in the group with PL acuities worse than 20/1600 to 20/6400 was 1.69 octaves. The 46 patients with no stationary vision detected only the temporally modulated stripes. Conclusions. The results suggest that the PL acuity difference between the temporally modulated and stationary stripes increases with visual impairment. Measuring PL acuity with temporally modulated stripes is an important addition to the evaluation of severely visually impaired subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993;34:496-502. A he preferential looking (PL) test has been useful in clinical settings to evaluate vision in infants and young children. However, some patients with severe visual impairment cannot discriminate the lowest spatial freFrom. th

Antipyrine kinetics in liver disease and liver transplantation

Antipyrine kinetics were studied in seven normal subjects, 10 patients with liver disease, and 13 clinically stable patients who received a liver transplant. Five patients were studied both before and after liver transplantation. Antipyrine concentrations in saliva after oral dosing were measured by HPLC. The antipyrine t(1/2) was significantly longer (P < 0.05) in patients with liver disease than in patients undergoing liver transplantation and normal subjects. Antipyrine clearance was not significantly different between patients undergoing liver transplantation and normal subjects, but it was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in patients with liver disease. In five patients who were studied before and after liver transplantation, there was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the antipyrine clearance and a marked reduction in its t(1/2) after liver transplantation. These results indicate that liver transplantation improves the drug metabolizing ability of patients with liver disease and that the oxidative metabolizing capacity of the liver in clinically stable patients after liver transplantation is similar to that of normal subjects

Meeting report: International workshop on implementation of biowaivers based on the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS)

Even though the pivotal article stating the theoretical basis for a biopharmaceutics drug classification (1) was published almost 20 years ago, the extension of BCS-based biowaiver decisions to drugs belonging to BCS classes other than those showing high solubility and high permeability has not yet reached a consensus among regulators, industrial scientists, and academics. Also, within some jurisdictions, BCS principles have not yet been incorporated into legal frameworks and thus have not been used to allow science- and risk-based regulatory flexibility. This report provides a brief description of the presentations from the International Workshop on Implementation of Biowaivers based on the BCS in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that took place on March 5–6, 2015. The meeting was cosponsored by National University of La Plata, Confederación Farmacéutica Argentina, International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS). The main objectives of the meeting were to describe the state of the art with respect to in vitro and in silico tools to support waiving in vivo bioequivalence studies and to foster discussion about implementing BCS-based biowaiver decisions to support generic drug registration in South America. Two hundred and fifteen scientists from universities, the pharmaceutical industry, and regulatory authorities took part in this meetingFacultad de Ciencias Exacta

Impact of age-related macular degeneration on diabetic retinopathy: An electronic health record based big data analysis from a tertiary eye centre in South India.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) decreases the risk of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This was a retrospective, case-cohort study performed in patients with a systemic diagnosis of diabetes at a tertiary health care center from May 2011 to April 2020. A total of 43,153 patients (1,024 AMD patients and 42,129 non-AMD patients) were included in the analysis. A total of 1,024 age and diabetes mellitus (DM) duration-matched controls were chosen from the non-AMD group for risk factor analysis. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was compared between the patients with AMD and the patients without AMD. RESULTS: Out of the enrolled 43,153 diabetic patients, 26,906 were males and 16,247 were females. A total of 1,024 patients had AMD and 42,129 had no AMD. The mean age of the cohort was 58.60 ± 0.09 years. The overall prevalence of DR was noted to be 22.8% (9,825 out of 43,153 eyes). A significantly lower prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) (23% in non-AMD, 11.4% in AMD, OR = -0.43, P < 0.001), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) (12% in non-AMD, 8.2% in AMD, OR = -0.66, P < 0.001), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) (11% in non-AMD, 3.2% in AMD, OR = -0.27, P < 0.001) was seen in the AMD patients. No significant difference was seen between the dry and wet AMD. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lower age, absence of AMD, and male gender were associated with a higher risk of PDR. CONCLUSION: The presence of AMD was noted to statistically reduce the risk of DR. Our results may be useful in the field of resource allocation and awareness of DR

Biopharmaceutics Classification System: The Scientific Basis for Biowaiver Extensions

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41492/1/11095_2004_Article_375175.pd