EFFECTS OF SOME MICHAEL TYPE ADDITION PRODUCTS ON VARIOUS CYTOKINES

The aim of this research in to investigate the anticytokine activities of the 2-[(2-nitro-l-phenylpropyl)thio]benzoic acid (1), 2-[(2-nitro-l-phenylethyl)thiomethyl]benzimidazole (2) and 2-[(2-nitro-l-phenylpropyl)thiomethyl]benzimidazole (3) derivatives in human primary cells and cell lines. Cytokines are messengers for the regulation of the inflammatory cascades with Tumor Necrosis Factor-a (TNF-a), Interleukin (IL-lβ, IL-2, IL-4 andIL-8), Gamma Interferon (IFN-y) working synergistically. In this study which is performed in cell assay, inhibition capacity of compound 1, 2 and 3 derivatives againts TNF-a, IL-Iβ, IL-8, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-y production by human whole blood have been measured. The test results were shown that 1, 2 and 3 derivatives have dose-dependent inhibitions on the release of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-a in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated human whole blood and IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-yin phorbolacetate (PHA) stimulated in human whole bloo

A Rare Dermatologic Reaction in an Adult Patient Following Coronary Angiography: Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis

N/

1.2367 sıcak iş takım çeliğinin sert tornalanmasında kesme parametrelerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve kesme kuvvetleri üzerinde etkisi

WOS:000773334400001In this study, the effects of different cutting parameters on surface roughness (Ra) and cutting force were investigated in dry hard turning of 1.2367 hardened (55 HRC) hot tool steel. In this experimental study, the Taguchi method was used for the design of experiments, and a constant cutting depth; three different cutting speeds, and three different feed rates were selected as cutting parameters. The effects of cutting parameters on surface roughness and cutting forces were evaluated by performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, it was observed that the surface roughness value increased depending on the increase in the feed rate. On the other hand, the influence of cutting speed on the surface roughness was negligible. It was seen that the most effective parameter on the radial force (Fy), tangential force (Fy), and feed force (Fz) was the feed rate.Bu çalışmada 1.2367 sertleştirilmiş (55 HRC) sıcak takım çeliğinin tornalanmasında farklı kesme parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü (Ra) ve kesme kuvvetleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu deneysel çalışmada, deney tasarımı Taguchi metodu kullanılarak yapılmış ve kesme parametreleri olarak sabit talaş derinliği, üç farklı kesme hızı ve üç farklı ilerleme miktarı seçilmiştir. Kesme parametrelerinin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve kesme kuvvetleri üzerindeki etkisi varyans analizi (ANOVA) yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre ilerleme hızındaki artışa bağlı olarak yüzey pürüzlülüğü değerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Kesme hızının ise yüzey pürüzlülük değeri üzerinde belirli bir etkisi görülmemiştir. Radyal kuvvet (Fx), teğetsel kuvvet (Fy) ve ilerleme kuvveti (Fz) üzerinde ise, en etkili parametrenin ilerleme hızı olduğu görülmüştür

Does diabetes affect the intensity of staining of interstitial cells and neuronal tissue in the bladder, prostate and urethra of rabbits?

We compared the intensity of staining of interstitial cells (ICs) and neural tissue in the lower urinary tract of rabbits with diabetes with the intensity in normal subjects. Diabetes was induced by injecting alloxane (65mg/kg) in adult male rabbits. After 3 days, rabbits with a blood glucose level >300 mg/dL were considered to have diabetes. After 8 weeks, the rabbits were killed, and tissue specimens from the bladder, prostate and urethra were obtained. ICs were stained with anti-human CD117 (c-kit) rabbit polyclonal antibody, and neural tissue was stained with synaptophysin. The streptavidin-biotin method was used for immunohistochemical staining. The intensity of c-kit and synaptophysin staining were scored as negative (0), weak (+), moderate (++), and strong (+++). Staining intensity of ICs and neural tissue was assessed and compared in tissues obtained from rabbits with diabetes (n=8) and from control subjects (n=7). Although staining intensity of both ICs and neural tissue was found to be significantly decreased in the bladder tissue of rabbits with diabetes compared to that in the control group (p=0.0001 [ICs] and p=0.021 [neural tissue]), no significant differences in staining intensity of ICs and neural tissue in the urethra and in the prostate was found when rabbits with diabetes were compared to the control group. Diabetes may cause dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, particularly in the urinary bladder, as shown by the staining intensity of ICs and neural tissue

Pharmacologic targets on the female urethra

WOS: 000257459400001PubMed ID: 18587243Introduction: This article reviews the mechanisms affecting contraction and relaxation of the urethra in order to establish a basis for current and future treatments for urinary incontinence in women. Material and Methods: A review of the English literature using MEDLINE was performed between 1970 and 2008 on female urethra pharmacology, urinary incontinence, and mechanisms involved in contraction and relaxation of the female human urethra. Results: alpha - Adrenoceptors (ARs) cause contraction and beta-ARs cause relaxation. Use of selective alpha - agonist and beta-AR blocker agents might have potential for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Tolerable doses of cholinergic agonists did not have significant effects on intraurethral pressure. Nitric oxide seems to be the major nonadrenergic- noncholinergic inhibitory transmitter causing relaxation. c-kit-positive interstitial cells seem to regulate urethral tone. The roles of adenosine triphosphate and carbon monoxide have not been fully investigated in humans. Neuropeptides function similarly to the urinary bladder. Prostanoids cause urethral contraction and relaxation depending on their subtypes. Serotonin enhances the strength of urethral sphincteric contractions. The Rho- kinase pathway also appears to be modulating smooth muscle contraction in the urethra. Conclusions: Understanding of the urethral function and pharmacology may lead to the development of promising new agents which might be useful in the management of urinary incontinence in women. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Base

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand level in Alzheimer's disease

In the present study, we determined the significance of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We characterized the expression of TRAIL protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum with ELISA and TRAIL mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with real-time PCR in 22 patients with AD and 20 control cases. We could not find TRAIL protein in the CSF samples. The concentration of TRAIL protein in sera from patients with AD was not different from controls. However, there was an inverse correlation between serum TRAIL levels and Mini-Mental State Examination scores in AD patients. Also we did not find significant difference in TRAIL mRNA in the PBMCs of patients with AD when compared with control group. Our data indicate that TRAIL serum level decreases in the late stage of disease

Biochemical markers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluation of the effect of CSF on PC12 cell line viability in Alzheimer's disease Alzhei̇mer hastaliǧinda beyi̇n omuri̇li̇k sivisinda (BOS) bi̇yoloji̇k beli̇rteçler ve bos'un PC12 hücre hatti canliligǐ üzeri̇ne i̇n vi̇tro etki̇si̇Eni̇n deǧerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇

Introduction: The definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is based on post mortem pathological examination. To date, there is no laboratory test that can discriminate patients with AD from healthy individuals. Although, there is a relatively high accuracy rate of the clinical diagnosis of AD (∼%90) in expert research academic centers, the studies which aim to find out pathognomonic laboratory markers available for AD still continue. In the perspective of recent knowledge, there are three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers which have the highest sensitivity and specificity: Beta-amyloid (Aβ)1-40, Aβ1-42 and phospho-tau (p-tau). Aims: In this study, concentrations of these markers in CSF were quantified by using ELISA and the sensitivity and specificity for our laboratory were determined. Also, the effects of 'Probable Alzheimer's Disease' (PRAD) patients' CSF on the survival of PC12 cell fine were assessed. For that purpose, cell line viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide MTT test and the results were compared between groups. Material and Methods: In the present study, 15 PRAD patients and 15 control subjects were included. PRAD patients were selected from the patients of Dokuz Eylül University Neurology Department Dementia Outpatient Clinic and control subjects were selected from the patients who were undergone epidural anesthesia because of any surgical operation. Results: There was a significant decrease of Aβ1-40 (p=0.014) and increase of p-tau (p=0.04) in patients with AD when compared with controls. Aβ1-42 concentration was not significantly different between groups (p=0.054) There was a positive corelation between duration of the disease and CSF of p-tau concentration in patients with AD (Spearman Rho=0.575; p=0.025). There was no significant difference in cell line viability values between groups (p=0.056). Conclusion: There is an urgent heed for an evaluation of protective and toxic substances in the CSF of patients with AD