Review on FM0/Manchester encoder-decoder used in DSRC based Applications

DSRC is an emerging technique that plays an important role in sensor networking for intelligent transportation and many other a system applications. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability In this review, the theoretical backgrounds of FM0/Manchester and how it can be used for DSRC will be discussed

Integrated filtration and washing modelling : optimization of impurity rejection for filtration and washing of active pharmaceutical ingredients

A digital design tool that can transfer material property information between unit operations to predict the product attributes in integrated purification processes has been developed to facilitate end-to-end integrated pharmaceutical manufacturing. This work aims to combine filtration and washing operations frequently using active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) isolation. This is achieved by coupling predicted and experimental data produced during the upstream crystallization process. To reduce impurities in the isolated cake, a mechanistic model-based workflow was used to optimize an integrated filtration and washing process model. The Carman–Kozeny filtration model has been combined with a custom washing model that incorporates diffusion and axial dispersion mechanisms. The developed model and approach were applied to two systems, namely, mefenamic acid and paracetamol, which are representative compounds, and various crystallization and wash solvents and related impurities were used. The custom washing model provides a detailed evolution of species concentration during washing, simulating the washing curve with the three stages of the wash curve: constant rate, intermediate stage, and diffusion stage. A model validation approach was used to estimate cake properties (e.g., specific cake resistance, cake volume, cake composition after washing, and washing curve). A global systems analysis was conducted by using the calibrated model to explore the design space and aid in the setup of the optimization decision variables. Qualitative optimization was performed in order to reduce the concentration of impurities in the final cake after washing. The findings of this work were translated into a final model to simulate the optimal isolation conditions

Digital process design to define and deliver pharmaceutical particle attributes

A digital-first approach to produce quality particles of an active pharmaceutical ingredient across crystallisation, washing and drying is presented, minimising material requirements and experimental burden during development. To demonstrate current predictive modelling capabilities, the production of two particle sizes (D90 = 42 and 120µm) via crystallisation was targeted to deliver a predicted, measurable difference in in vitro dissolution performance. A parameterised population balance model considering primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, and crystal growth was used to select the modes of production for the different particle size batches. Solubility prediction aided solvent selection steps which also considered manufacturability and safety selection criteria. A wet milling model was parameterised and used to successfully produce a 90g product batch with a particle size D90 of 49.3µm, which was then used as the seeds for cooling crystallisation. A rigorous approach to minimising physical phenomena observed experimentally was implemented, and successfully predicted the required conditions to produce material satisfying the particle size design objective of D90 of 120µm in a seeded cooling crystallisation using a 5-stage MSMPR cascade. Product material was isolated using the filtration and washing processes designed, producing 71.2g of agglomerated product with a primary particle D90 of 128µm. Based on experimental observations, the population balance model was reparametrised to increase accuracy by inclusion of an agglomeration terms for the continuous cooling crystallisation. The dissolution performance for the two crystallised products is also demonstrated, and after 45minutes 104.0mg of the D90 of 49.3µm material had dissolved, compared with 90.5mg of the agglomerated material with D90 of 128µm. Overall, 1513g of the model compound was used to develop and demonstrate two laboratory scale manufacturing processes with specific particle size targets. This work highlights the challenges associated with a digital-first approach and limitations in current first-principles models are discussed that include dealing ab initio with encrustation, fouling or factors that affect dissolution other than particle size

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminium Matrix Syntactic Foams Manufactured with Recycled Aluminium Smelter Waste

Hopf algebras are closely related to monoidal categories. More precise, $k$-Hopf algebras can be characterized as those algebras whose category of finite dimensional representations is an autonomous monoidal category such that the forgetful functor to $k$-vectorspaces is a strict monoidal functor. This result is known as the Tannaka reconstruction theorem (for Hopf algebras). Because of the importance of both Hopf algebras in various fields, over the last last few decades, many generalizations have been defined. We will survey these different generalizations from the point of view of the Tannaka reconstruction theorem.Comment: Survey paper to appear in to appear in C. Heunen, M. Sadrzadeh, E. Grefenstette (eds.): Compositional methods in quantum physics and linguistics, Oxford University Press, 201