Solvatochromic probes for detecting hydrogen-bond-donating solvents

Hydrogen bonding heavily influences conformations, rate of reactions, and chemical equilibria. The development of a method to monitor hydrogen bonding interactions independent of polarity is challenging as both are linked. We have developed two solvatochromic dyes that detect hydrogen-bond-donating solvents. The unique solvatochromism of the triazine architecture has allowed the development of probes that monitor hydrogen-bond-donating species including water

EFFECT OF TWO TAPERING METHODS ON INTERLEUKIN-6, CORTISOL AND PERFORMANCE IN ELITE MALE WRESTLER

Purpose : This study examined that effect of two types of tapering on interleukin-6(IL-6), cortisol and performance in elite male wrestler. Material : After 4 weeks of progressive training, wrestlers were randomly divided into three equal groups, 1-control group (N=10) continued performing progressive training for one week, 2-taper group 1 (N=10) continued with a 50% reduction in training volume for one week, 3-taper group 2 (N=10) continued with a 75% reduction in volume of training for one week .plasma blood IL-6 and cortisol levels were assayed from analysis obtained via standard ELISA. Also general strength of muscles was recorded as a performance test. All data were collected before and after progressive training and also after one week of tapering period. Results : There were significant reduction of IL-6 and cortisol levels in both tapering group comparing with control group (P≤0.05).There was significant reduction of IL-6 and cortisol levels among tapering 50% and tapering 75% after tapering period (P≤0.05). Also there was significant increase of general strength of muscles between tapering 75% and control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion : hence, one week tapering with 75% reduction in training volume after progressive training while the intensity kept high is effective strategy for reduction of IL-6, and cortisol levels and also increase performance. It seems that higher reduction of training volume when the intensity kept high is a good strategy for wrestler before main competition

THE EFFECT OF GLYCEMIC INDEX ON PLASMA IL-6 IN SUB-MAX EXERCISE

Purpose: This study examined the effect of a pre-exercise meal with different glycemic index (GI) on plasma IL-6 concentration and glucose metabolism during sub-max exercise (endurance performance run). Material : Ten men completed 1 h running at 70%-75% VO2max on a level treadmill on three occasions. In each trial, one of the three prescribed beverages as meal, i.e. high GI and low GL or placebo was consumed by the subjects 45 min before exercise. Blood samples were collected before, after, 1h and 24h after exercise. Result: Concentration of Plasma IL-6 in LGI group was less than HGI and Pla groups, IL-6 tended to significantly increase after exercise in groups (all P < 0.05), also there was significant difference for plasma IL-6 concentration between placebo and low glycemic groups in after exercise (P=.003) and 1hour after exercise (P=.005) . CK was significantly elevated at all- time points after exercise in 3 groups (all P < 0.05). Concentration of serum CK in LGI group was less than HGI and Pla groups but there not significantly. The consumption of the LGI beverage before exercise could minimize the increasing of plasma IL-6 concentration immediately after exercise and during the 1 h recovery period compared with the HGI beverage and Pla. Conclusion: This result suggested that the LGI beverage consumed as pre-exercise meal could modify the inflammatory response in prolonged exercise

Study on the Phase Transformation Kinetics of Sol-Gel Drived TiO

Titanium dioxide nanopowders were synthesized by the diffusion controlled sol-gel process (LaMer model) and characterized by DTA-TG, XRD, and SEM. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles have uniform size and morphology, and the phase transformation kinetics of obtained material was studied by interpretation of the X-ray diffraction patterns peaks on the base of Avrami equation. The stating point of anatase-rutile phase transformation temperature in the prepared nanoparticles was found between 100 and 200°C. A decreasing trend on the intensity of X-ray peaks of anatase phase was observed up to 600°C when the presence of the rutile phase became predominant. Results indicated that the transition kinetics of the diffusion controlled prepared nanoparticles was begun at low temperature, and it can be concluded that the nucleation and growth sites in these particles were more than other. However, it has been found that the nucleation activation energy of rutile phase was 20 kj/mol, and it is the lowest reported activation energy

IL-6 RESPONSES TO GLYCAEMIC INDEX DURING RECOVERY FROM EXERCISE

Purpose: This study examined the effect of meal with different glycaemic index (GI) on plasma IL-6 concentration and glucose metabolism after maximal lengthening contractions of the knee extensors. Using a cross-over design, Material : 10 healthy males completed 5 sets of 10 lengthening (eccentric) contractions at 120% 1 repetition-maximum. Subjects were randomized to consume the GI beverage (high-GI, low-GI (15% weight per volume; 3 g/kg BM) or placebo in three times within 10 min following exercise, and again at 50 and 110 min during recovery time. Blood samples were collected before exercise and after 0.60, 180 min and 24 h of recovery. Results: Concentration of plasma IL-6 in HGI group was less than LGI and Pla groups. IL-6 tended to significantly increase after exercise in recovery time in 3 groups (all P < 0.05), except for 24 hours (P = 1.00), furthermore there was significant difference for IL-6 between placebo and high glycemic groups in 3hours after exercise (P=.016). Concentration of serum CK in HGI group was less than LGI and Pla groups, CK was significantly elevated at all times points during recovery in 3 groups (all P < 0.05), except for 1 hour after exercise in HGI group (P = 0.31), but there was no significant difference for CK between groups. Conclusion: In summary, consuming HGI carbohydrate during recovery from exercise attenuate plasma IL-6 concentration