14 research outputs found
Genetic diversity among melon (Cucumis melo L.) accessions revealed by morphological traits and ISSR markers
The genetic relationships among 48 melon (Cucumis melo L.) genotypes collected from various parts of Azerbaijan were
determined by comparing their phenotypic and molecular traits. Eleven agromorphological traits and 10 polymorphic inter-simple
sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to define the genetic diversity. Principal component analysis grouped the agromorphological
traits into the first four axes, describing 78% of the total variations. The highest genetic variation coefficient was found for yield per
hectare (20.32%) and for fruit length (17.35%). Calculated heritability for yield was 0.96. The analysis of morphological traits grouped
the accessions into four clusters. The 10 ISSR primers yielded 35 polymorphic alleles, representing 85.4% of all the amplified loci.
The average genetic diversity index determined was 0.70. The highest and the lowest similarity indexes were equal to 0.97 and 0.36,
respectively. The 48 accessions were grouped into 10 clusters based on ISSR markers. Correlation between distance matrices based on
agromorphological traits and ISSR markers was not statistically significant (r = 0.012)
Genomic Analysis Confirms Population Structure and Identifies Inter-Lineage Hybrids in Aegilops tauschii
Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, is a storehouse of genetic diversity, and an important resource for future wheat improvement. Genomic and population analysis of 549 Ae. tauschii and 103 wheat accessions was performed by using 13,135 high quality SNPs. Population structure, principal component, and cluster analysis confirmed the differentiation of Ae. tauschii into two lineages; lineage 1 (L1) and lineage 2 (L2), the latter being the wheat D-genome donor. Lineage L1 contributes only 2.7% of the total introgression from Ae. tauschii for a set of United States winter wheat lines, confirming the great amount of untapped genetic diversity in L1. Lineage L2 accessions had overall greater allelic diversity and wheat accessions had the least allelic diversity. Both lineages also showed intra-lineage differentiation with L1 being driven by longitudinal gradient and L2 differentiated by altitude. There has previously been little reported on natural hybridization between L1 and L2. We found nine putative inter-lineage hybrids in the population structure analysis, each containing numerous lineage-specific private alleles from both lineages. One hybrid was confirmed as a recombinant inbred between the two lineages, likely artificially post collection. Of the remaining eight putative hybrids, a group of seven from Georgia carry 713 SNPs with private alleles, which points to the possibility of a novel L1–L2 hybrid lineage. To facilitate the use of Ae. tauschii in wheat improvement, a MiniCore consisting of 29 L1 and 11 L2 accessions, has been developed based on genotypic, phenotypic and geographical data. MiniCore reduces the collection size by over 10-fold and captures 84% of the total allelic diversity in the whole collection
Analysis of genetic diversity among different tomato genotypes using ISSR DNA marker
Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used for variation analysis
among 41 tomato accessions. A total of 50 scorable bands were obtained, where
32 were polymorphic, representing 63.3% of all the amplified loci.
Polymorphism percentage ranged from 50 to 90% and an average number of
polymorphic bands of 4.0 were observed. An average genetic diversity index
was 0.61. Primer UBC860 and UBC825 generated the greatest diversity index
with a value of 0.89 and 0.85 respectively. The smallest diversity identified
by primer UBC808, with an index of 0.34. The genetic similarity among studied
genotypes ranged from 0.52 to 0.98. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s
similarity coefficient divided genotypes into 6 distinct clusters on a value
of 0.74. The lowest genetic distance was found between ‘Gronastiy’ and
‘AG1224’ (0.52), ‘Orange’ and ‘AG1224’ (0.54), and ‘Evgeniya’ and ‘AG1224’
(0.55) accessions. The highest similarity of 0.98 was determined between
‘Zafar’ and ‘Azerbaijan-94’, ‘Khachmaz-1’ and ‘Azerbaijan-94’, ‘Khachmaz-1’
and ‘Severyanka’, and ‘Shakar’ and ‘Absheron-1’ accessions
Adaptive reaction of cotton accessions of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. species to drought stress
Adaptation, process of the adjustment of a plant to specific environmental
conditions, is provided by physiological mechanisms (physiological
adaptation), and at population level (species) by mechanisms of genetic
variability, heredity and selection (genetic adaptation). Intraspecific and
the interspecific physiological assessment of adaptation potential to drought
stress was carried out on 267 collection accessions and varieties of a cotton
(197 accessions of G. hirsutum L. and 70 of G. barbadense L.). Comparative
study of the stress reaction of tested accessions to unfavorable
environmental factors was carried out based on stress depression indices of
viability of seeds in sucrose solution-imitating drought. As a result of the
studies different sensitivity of plants to abiotic stress was determined. The
amplitude of the changes of physiological parameter during stress allowed
roughly divide cotton accessions within each species into groups by defining
different degrees of comparative drought resistance of samples. Analysis of
the percentage ratio of high drought resistant accessions within species,
revealed differences between G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. For the
specie G. hirsutum L. percentage of accessions with high drought resistance
was 9.1%, for specie G. barbadense L.-28.6%. G. barbadense L., in our view,
is characterized by a greater potential for volatility and acclimatization to
the new, unusual conditions, capable of better resisting the adverse effects
of drought and has great promise for using in breeding. It was found that
because of the stress in drought resistant varieties activation of RNA
synthesis, increase of labile and decrease of stable DNA was observed which
indicates an increase of the physiological liability and functional activity
of the genetic apparatus. In susceptible varieties a reduction in the
synthesis of RNA and DNA and displacement of DNA fraction ratio towards the
stable were noted
Adaptive reaction of cotton accessions of G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. species to drought stress
Assessment of genetic diversity and search for Plum pox virus resistance alleles of apricot<i> (Prunus</i><i> armeniaca</i> L.) genotypes spread in Azerbaijan using SSR markers
Apricot is one of the most important stone-fruit plants widely cultivated in Azerbaijan. SSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of 61 apricot genotypes representing the entire gene pool in Azerbaijan. A total of 138 alleles were produced based on 17 SSR markers with an average of 8.1 alleles per primer. The polymorphism information content (PIC) and expected (He) heterozygosity for individual loci were in the range of 0.42-0.8 (mean 0.68) and 0.52-0.82 (mean 0.72), respectively, indicating the abundant genetic variation in Azerbaijani apricot cultivars. The polymorphisms generated by SSRs were enough to differentiate 95% of genotypes, while 4 apricot cultivars exhibited complete similarity between them. NJ tree grouped the 61 genotypes into 7 clusters with 1000 bootstrap values, where the grouping of genotypes was not closely related to the geographic origin or collection site. STRUCTURE analysis identified 4 subpopulations in the collection and, in general, was in agreement with cluster analysis. (SEO)/Harlayne-type resistance alleles of three SSR (PGS1.21-240 bp, PGS1.23-161 bp, PGS1.24-119 bp) and one SSLP loci (ZP002-127 bp) were detected in 3, 15, 15, and 9 accessions, respectively. STRUCTURE analysis could separate genotypes with resistance alleles grouping them in the first two subpopulations. Of the 61 apricot genotypes, 28 had at least one resistance allele. The results demonstrate that Azerbaijani apricots are an important source for breeding PPV-resistant apricots
Genetic diversity of chickpea genotypes as revealed by ISSR and RAPD markers
Genetic diversity of 62 chickpea accessions was studied using 8 ISSR and 11
RAPD primers. In the study RAPD primers detected more polymorphism (98%)
than the ISSR primers (80%). Genetic diversity index was high (0.73 for ISSR
and 0.85 for RAPD) for each of these marker systems. Cluster analysis
performed from both separate and combined data of RAPD and ISSR markers
using SPSS software package. Jaccard’s similarity coefficient for 62
chickpea genotypes was 0.65. Cluster analyses based on combined data
generated a dendrogram that separated genotypes into 11 clusters. Four
clusters contained only one genotype showing the genetic uniqueness of these
accessions. The studied chickpea collection has been proved to constitute a
rich source of biodiversity as revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers. Crossing
between distantly related genotypes is expected to yield more vigorous
plants constituting much of the different traits contained in the two
parental lines
Genetic relationship among introduced lentil germplasm using agronomic traits and ISSR markers
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is an annual, cool-season grain legume playing
an important role in human and animal nutrition, as soil fertility
maintenance. National lentil improvement program in Azerbaijan is currently
focused on extending the genetic base of the lentil collection through the
introduction of new breeding lines from ICARDA and involving them into
breeding. The present study was aimed to evaluate the performance of lentil
collection, mainly comprised of ICARDA-derived breeding lines for yield
traits under Azerbaijan condition and assess genetic diversity among them
using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Many breeding lines of
ICARDA exhibited agro-morphological performance superior to those of the
local improved varieties. Our studies confirmed that the genetic base of the
studied lentil collection is quite above board. A total of 71 bands were
generated using 7 ISSR primers in 47 lentil genotypes, of which 62 were
polymorphic. Genetic diversity values varied from 0.61 (UBC 848) to 0.95
(UBC 835), with a mean of 0.81. ISSR dendrogram was able to clearly
distinguish all lentil accessions. Clear tendention was observed on
clustering of genotypes according to their pedigree or origin with few
exeptions. The results obtained from the Principal Coordinate Analysis were
consistent with the results of cluster analysis, with minor differences.
Breeding lines with high agronomic performance and sufficient genetic
distance from this study can be used as appropriate parents to get more
heterotic recombinants. This will accelerate the creation of new varieties
well adapted to eco-geographic condition of Azerbaijan with stable and high
yield