Distribution of some heavy metals in muscle tissues of Luciobarbus xanthopterus

In this study, the concentration of some heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Pb) were determined in water and in the muscle of Luciobarbus xanthopterus fish to study the potential human risk of consumption and the relationship between the heavy metal load of fish and some of their biological aspects (weight, lenght and sex) and seasonal variation. Transfer Factors of heavy metals in L. xanthopterus were also determined. It was found that heavy metals accumulated in muscle tissue of L. xanthopterus were higher than that in the water. The concentration of heavy metals showed differences according to weight, length and sex of fish. The metal concentrations were determined in muscle tissue of female higher than those in male fish. The results were discussed and compared with tolerable values for heavy metals provided from the EPA, WHO, FAO and Turkish Food Codex (TFC) to determine whether this species has any risk for human consumption.Bu çalışmada, bazı ağır metallerin (Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Cd, Co and Pb) su ve Luciobarbus xanthopterus’un kas dokusundaki konsantrasyonları, bu balığın insanlar tarafından tüketilmesinde bir risk oluşturup oluşturmadığı ve balıkta ağır metal birikimi ile balığın bazı biyolojik özellikleri (ağırlık, uzunluk ve cinsiyet) arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, L. xanthopterus’da ağır metallerin Transfer Faktörü belirlenmiştir. L. xanthopterus’un kas dokusunda biriken ağır metallerin konsantrasyonu sudan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ağır metal birikimlerinin balığın vücut ağırlığına, uzunluğuna ve cinsiyetine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiği görülmüştür. Dişi balıkların kas dokusundaki metal konsantrasyonlarının erkek balıklardan daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu türün insanlar tarafından tüketilmesinin herhangi bir risk taşıyıp taşımadığı EPA, WHO, FAO ve Türk Gıda Kodeksi tarafından önerilen kabul edilebilir değerler ile karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır

Age and growth properties of acanthobrama marmid heckel, 1843 population inhabiting Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli/Turkey)

This study was aimed to investigate the some growth properties of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843 population in Uzuncayir Dam Lake (Tunceli/Turkey) between May 2011 to September 2012. A total of 604 A. marmid samples (340 males and 264 females) were caught from Uzuncayir Dam Lake; the age composition of the specimens ranged between 1-9 years. The overall sex ratio (females/males) was 1:0.78. Total lengths of specimens ranged from 8.80-27.80 cm and weights ranged from 6.20-182.00 g. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 28.25 cm, K = 0.26 year-1 and t0 = –0.90 year for males and L∞ = 28.49 cm, K = 0.23 year-1 and t0 = –1.24 year for females. The length-weight relationship was found as W = 0.009xTL3.009 in males and W = 0.012xTL2.926 in females. The growth performance index (Φ') values of males, females and all samples were 2.317, 2.271 and 2.301, respectively. The condition factor values varied between 0.61-1.30 for entire population

The Investigation of Some Meristic and Morphometric Characteristics of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) in Munzur River

Objective: There have been difficulties in subspecies identification of brown trout in our country. The most important reason for this, species becomes different as morphologically in time depending on its home region. Although genetic methods in species identification have come into the forefront in recent years, the investigation of morphological characters has maintained its importance. In the study, all morphological characters of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril,1858) in the Munzur River were determined and were compared with other studies. Methods: A total of 40 fish sample examined in the study was caught by using fishing line, cover net, gill net and electro-shocker between January 2015 and December 2015 in the Munzur River. Measurement of 24 morphometric characters and count of 30 meristic characters were carried out in the laboratory. Results and Discussion: The regression coefficient (b) in the length-weight relationship was determined as 2.8378 (negative allometric growth). The regression equation of correlation between total length and weight was detected as SB=0.9428TB-1.0041. The rates among the body parts of fish samples were determined and this data were compared with other studies. In the samples examined, the number of lateral line scale was ranged from 107 to 146; the number of transversal scale was ranged from 20 to 31; the number of vertebrae was ranged from 54 to 59 and the number of gill rakers was ranged from 18 to 22. The number of dorsal, ventral, pectoral, anal and caudal fin spines and rays were determined to be D: III-IV 10-12, V: I-II 7-12, P: I-II 8-14, A: I-IV 7-11 ve C: VIII 17-25, respectively. It was determined that the numbers of red and black spots on the body were changed from individual to individual

Some population parameters of salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) in Munzur River (Turkey)

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the some population parameters of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) whose economic value is quite high and living in Munzur River. It was aimed to provide the necessary data to protection of this species in its natural environment. Methods: A total of 165 fish sample examined in the study was caught by using fishing line, cover net, gill net and electro-shocker between January 2015 and December 2015 in the Munzur River (Turkey). After the length and weight of fish samples was measured in the laboratory, age of the fish was determined by using scale. Some population characters were confirmed by means of standard methods. FAO-ICLARM FISAT II Pocket Program was used to determine the von Bertalanffy growth parameters. Results and Discussion: The female-male ratio of population consisting of I-VIII age groups was found as 1:0.96. The regression coefficient (b) in the length-weight relationship was determined as 2.9854 (isometric) for females, as 2.7251 (allometric) for males and as 2.8509 (allometric) for all population. The total lengths and weights of examined fish samples were varied from 12 cm to 36 cm and from 22.9 g to 490 g, respectively. Mean condition factor of all age groups of populations was calculated as 1.19. The highest relative growth rate (31.41%) was occurred between II and III age groups. von Bertalanffy growth parameters of population were calculated as L∞=55.8 cm, K=0.10 year-1, t0=-1.61 year, W∞=1949.6 g for female, as L∞=56.58 cm, K=0.08 year-1, t0=-2.06 year, W∞=1696.3 g for male and as L∞=55.5 cm, K=0.09 year-1, t0=-1.89 year, W∞=1756.5 for all population. Growth performance index (Φ') used to compare of growth parameters obtained from different studies was calculated as 2.49 for female, 2.41 for male and 5.62 for all population

Water Quality of a Tectonic Lake: Hazar Lake

In this study, water quality parameters of Hazar Lake have been investigated and evaluated according to water quality regulations. Some water quality parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, water temperature pH, electrical conductivity salinity, transparency, (Sechii disc depth), Chlorophyll a, total alkalinity, BOD, chloride, calcium, magnesium, total phosphorus, sulfate, ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogene, nitrate nitrogene, total nitrogen were examined between September 2019-August 2020. The results were evaluated according to the quality criteria of the In-Continental Water Resources Classes of The Water Pollution and Control Regulation. According to the regulation, the water quality of Hazar Lake is classified as the 1st class in terms of dissolved oxygen, water temperature, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, biological oxygen demand; as the 3rd class in terms of chloride ion; as 4th class in terms of pH. The average chlorophyll a value of 1.09 µg/L in Lake Hazar indicates that the lake shows oligotrophic lake category feature. Secchi disc depth was 3.8 m), which shows that Hazar Lake is at the oligotrophic level in terms of light transmittance. It is noticed that for total phosphorus less than 10 µg/L, the lake is oligotrophic, for 10-20 µg/L is called mesotrophic, and for more than 20 µg/L is so-called eutrophic. This value was measured 0.02 µg/L in the lake; therefore, it can be concluded that the lake is oligotrophic. In addition, the change in alkalinity values of the lake between 402-450 mg CaCO3/L indicates that the lake has very hard water characteristics. Precautions should be taken to protect ecological balances and prevent water pollution in Hazar Lake

Length-Weight Relationships and Condition Factors of Some Fish Species Captured As Non-Target in Crayfish Hunt in Keban Dam Lake

Introduction: The aim of this study is calculate length-weight relationships, length and weight frequency distributions and condition factors of species caught as non-target hunting in crayfish hunting made with pinter at Keban Dam Reservoir. The length-weight relationship is extremely important parameter in terms of fish biology. The length-weight relation parameters (a and b) allow estimation of the weight of the fish from its length and condition index. These values also provide to compare morphologies of populations in different habitats and their life processes (Petrakis ve Stergiou, 1995). Material and Methods: Hunting operations were carried out in Keban, Ağın and Çemişgezek hunting grounds in the Keban Dam Lake between June-August 2012. In operations, crayfish fyke-nets which used prevalently in the region, with D form and 36 mm stretched mesh size, structured with five hoops and a barrier were used. In the hunting operations, additionally crayfishs, Acanthobrama marmid Heckel, 1843, Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Banks&Solander, 1794) and Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) were caught as non-target species. The length of fish samples were measured with digital calliper and the weight of fish species were weighed with portable scale. The length-weight relationships were determined with Le Cren’s W= a*Lb equation, condition factor values were calculated from CF= (W*100)/L3 equation (Gulland 1969, Nikolsky 1969, Weatherley 1972, Beverton ve Holt 1957). Results: During the operations, 510 A. marmid, 46 M. mastacembelus and 33 M. pelusius were caught. For each species, length weight relationships, condition factor values and length and weight frequency distributions were determined. For A. marmid, length weight relationship was calculated as W=0.0085TL2.9079 , (r= 0.92); condition factor was estimated as 0.670±0.003. For M. mastacembelus, length weight relationship was computed as W=0.0222TL2.3996 , (r= 0.95); condition factor was determined as 0.215±0.005. For M. pelusius, length weight relationship was counted up as W=0.0333TL2.4555 , (r= 0.71); condition factor was calculated as 0.720±0.022. In all three species, Growth type was determined as “negative allometric”. Discussion: “b” and condition factor values calculated in this study were different from other studies. These differences may result from differences of study areas, catching methods, study times and ecological conditions

Gillnet selectivity for shabbout (Barbus grypus, Heckel, 1843) in Keban Dam Lake, Elazig, Turkey

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the selectivity of multifilament gillnets with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm nominal mesh size (bar length) for Shabbout (Barbus grypus Heckel, 1843), in Keban Dame Lake, Elazig. Research results will supply the valuable data for fisheries management of Dam Lake. Methods: In the 47 fishing operations performed by holding method, a total of 510 target species were caught between April 2012 and May 2013. Gillnets used present study have same properties except their mesh sizes. The nets were set at sunset and retrieved in the early hours, next day. The fish caught were segregated according to the mesh size of gillnet and grouped in to length groups at 1 cm interval. The SELECT method was used in determining selectivity parameters. Five different functional models (normal location, normal scale, gamma, log-normal and bi-modal) were used to fit the selectivity curve to the catch data. The bi-modal selectivity curve gave the best to fit the data. Results and Discussion: The model lengths obtained from bimodal function for gillnets with 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mm mesh sizes were estimated 39.36 cm, 49.20 cm, 59.04 cm, 68.88 cm and 78.72 cm, respectively. Spreads of selection curve were estimated 1.92 cm, 2.40 cm, 2.88 cm, 3.36 cm and 3.84 cm, respectively. One of the basic principles of sustainable fisheries is to ensure that the fish has reproduced at least once, before capture. Minimum catch size of this species is notified as 45 cm in the notification regulated commercial fisheries. According to results of this study, gillnets with 50 mm and above mesh size do not cause an over fishing on Shabbout stocks in Keban Dame Lake