Türkiye Türkçesinde edat

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Edat, Ügeç, Takı, Edat Grubu, Edat Tümleçleri, Ügeç Tümleçleri, Takı Grubu. Bu tez Türkiye Türkçesinde edatların dilin yapısındaki yerini tayin etmek, bu sahada yapılmış olan çalışmaları araştırmak ve edat konusunda mevcut problemlerin çözümüne katkıda bulunabilmek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Bazı dil bilimcilerimizin edat teriminin kapsamı içine bağlaç ve ünlemleri de dahil etmiş olmalarından kaynaklanan bir sebeple; sırf bu eserlerle sınırlı olmak kaydıyla bağlaçlar (bağlama edatları) ve ünlemler (ünlem edatları) bu tezin kapsamına dahil olmuştur. Ayrıca genel anlamda Türkolojide edatların tetkik tarihiyle ilgili bilgiler ve çağdaş şivelerde edatların işlenişleri tespit ve düşüncelerimiz beyan edilmek suretiyle ele alınmıştır. Türkiye Türkçesinde bu konuyla ilişkilendirilen terimler, terimlerle ifade edilen alanın sınırları, edatm tanımlanması ve edatlara izafe edilen karakteristik özellikler başlıca gramer kitaplarından ve dil bilimle ilgili öteki eserlerden; müştereklikten münferide bir yöntemle aktarılarak ulaşılan neticelere yer verildi. Gramer yazarlarımızın ve diğer dil bilimcilerimizin, edatları yapı ve menşe, kullanış, fonksiyon halamlarından işleyişleri konu edilerek problem teşkil eden meselelerin sebepleri izaha çalışıldı. Bu konuda varılan sonuçlar ilgili bölümlerin son kısımlarında ağırlıklı olmak üzere işlendi. Türkiye Türkçesinde umumiyetl

A novel approach for preventing esophageal stricture formation: olmesartan prevented apoptosis

Accidentally ingested corrosive substances can cause functional and structural damage to the esophageal tissue resulting in stricture formation. It has been reported that the administration of olmesartan (OLM) can have anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects on injured tissue. The aim of our study was to check if OLM could prevent formation of scars in the corrosive esophageal burn model. Fifty-one Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups: Control, Sham, OLM, Sham + OLM, Burn, and Burn + OLM. Olmesartan (5 mg/kg) was given by gavage once per day for 21 consecutive days after injury. The morphology of the esophagus was assessed after Masson trichrome staining, and apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferased UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The serum nucleosomes (as an indicator of apoptosis), serum p53 protein, and esophageal tissue p53 protein levels of each group were measured by immunoassays. Muscularis mucosa damage, submucosal collagen deposition, and tunica muscularis injury in the Burn + OLM group decreased significantly compared with the Burn group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the number of apoptotic cells in the Burn + OLM group decreased compared with the Burn group (p < 0.05). Serum levels of nucleosomes and p53 and tissue of p53 protein did not differ between the groups. Exogenously administered OLM can effectively prevent the occurrence of esophageal strictures caused by corrosive esophageal burns. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2014, Vol. 52, No. 1, 29–35

Desferrioxamine Reduces Oxidative Stress in the Lung Contusion

Our hypothesis in this study is that desferrioxamine (DFX) has therapeutic effects on experimental lung contusions in rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=8): control, control+DFX, contusion, and contusion+DFX. In the control+DFX and contusion+DFX groups, 100 mg/kg DFX was given intraperitoneally once a day just after the contusion and the day after the contusion. Contusions led to a meaningful rise in the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in lung tissue. MDA levels in the contusion+DFX group experienced a significant decline. Glutathione levels were significantly lower in the contusion group than in the control group and significantly higher in the contusion+DFX group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the contusion group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In the contusion+DFX group, SOD and GPx levels were significantly higher than those in the contusion group. In light microscopic evaluation, the contusion and contusion+DFX groups showed edema, hemorrhage, alveolar destruction, and leukocyte infiltration. However, histological scoring of the contusion+DFX group was significantly more positive than that of the contusion group. The iNOS staining in the contusion group was significantly more intensive than that in all other groups. DFX reduced iNOS staining significantly in comparison to the contusion group. This study showed that DFX reduced oxidative stress in lung contusions in rats and histopathologically ensured the recovery of the lung tissue

Cyclic behaviors of different type of hollow brick infill walls: A hinged rigid frame approach

Arslan, Mehmet Emin/0000-0002-7582-638XWOS: 000466999500078The main purpose of this study is to examine the behavior of the brick masonry and infill walls under cyclic horizontal loads, irrespective of reinforced concrete frames. For this purpose, the test walls, which are produced as non-plastered (plane), two side plastered and two side plastered and strengthened with zinc coated steel wire mesh by using vertical and horizontal hollow brick walls were tested in a rigid hinged steel loading frame under lateral cyclic loading. The findings were evaluated in terms of load carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacities. The tests carried out showed that the expected increases were provided any type of plastered walls in terms of stiffness with respect to the reference non-plastered walls. Besides this, wired mesh used in plastered walls increased significantly the ductility and consequently the energy dissipation capacity of the walls by maintaining wall integrity in an advanced stage of the loading. Also, both hollow brick and vertical brick infill walls strengthening with wired mesh increase load carrying capacity of the wall test specimens. Load carrying and energy dissipation capacities of wire meshed specimens almost five times more than those of plane test walls. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Bond behavior investigation of ordinary concrete-rebar with hinged beam test and eccentric pull-out test

In this study, bond behavior of ordinary concrete and rebars with different diameters and development length was investigated by using Hinged Beam Test (HBT) and Eccentric Pull-Out Test (EPT) comparatively. For this purpose, three different rebar size and development length depending on rebar diameter were chosen as variables. Three specimens were produced for each series of specimens and totally 54 specimens were tested. At the end of the tests it was observed that obtained results for both tests were quite similar. On the other hand, increased bar size, especially for the specimen with 14 mm bar size and 14 development length (lb), caused shear failure of test specimens. This situation infers that when bigger bar size and lb are used in such test, dimensions of test specimens should be chosen bigger and stirrups should be used for producing of test specimens to obtain more adequate result by preventing shear failure. Also, a nonlinear regression analysis was employed between HBT and EPT results. There was a high correlation between the EPT values, lb, rebar diameters and estimated theoretical HBT. In addition, at the end of the study an equation was suggested to estimate bond strength for HBT by using EPT results.WOS:0006035968000102-s2.0-8510100543

Webbed Penis Associated with Urethral Duplication: A Case Report

Urethral duplication and webbed penis are rare congenital anomalies. Urethral duplication associated with webbed penis has not previously been reported in the literature. We describe a case of incomplete urethral duplication with webbed penis in an infant and discuss the clinical and radiological findings and treatment of this association

The effects of hyperbaric oxygen application against cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile duct ligation in rats

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic potential of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) on the liver tissue against bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced oxidative damage and fibrosis in rats. Materials and methods: We divided 32 adult male Sprague Dawley rats into four groups: sham, sham plus HBO, BDL, and BDL plus HBO; each group contained eight animals. We placed the sham plus HBO and BDL plus HBO groups in an experimental hyperbaric chamber in which we administered pure oxygen at 2.5 atmospheres absolute 100% oxygen for 90 min on 14 consecutive days. Results: The application of BDL clearly increased the tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and decreased the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) and glutathione level. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity, and hydroxyproline content and increased the reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and glutathione level in the tissues. The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with HBO attenuated alterations in liver histology. Alpha smooth muscle actin, cytokeratinpositive ductular proliferation, and the activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling in the BDL decreased with HBO treatment. Conclusions: The data indicate that HBO attenuates BDL-induced oxidative injury, hepatocytes damage, bile duct proliferation, and fibrosis. The hepatoprotective effect of HBO is associated with antioxidative potential. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Trakya University Research Center, Edirne, TurkeyTrakya University [2011-196]This study was supported under Project TUBAB 2011-196 by the Trakya University Research Center, Edirne, Turkey

Preventive effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on glycerol-induced myoglobinuric acute renal failure in rats

Myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF) is a uremic syndrome caused by traumatic or non-traumatic skeletal muscle breakdown and intracellular elements that are released into the bloodstream. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy could be beneficial in the treatment of myoglobinuric ARF caused by rhabdomyolysis. A total of 32 rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into four groups: control, control+hyperbaric oxygen (control+HBO), ARF, and ARF+hyperbaric oxygen (ARF+HBO). Glycerol (8 ml/kg) was injected into the hind legs of each of the rats in ARF and ARF+HBO groups. 2.5 atmospheric absolute HBO was applied to the rats in the control+HBO and ARF+HBO groups for 90 min on two consecutive days. Plasma urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase and urine creatinine and sodium were examined. Creatinine clearance and fractional sodium excretion could then be calculated. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in renal tissue. Tissue samples were evaluated by Hematoxylin-eosin, PCNA and TUNEL staining histopathologically. MDA levels were found to be significantly decreased whereas SOD and CAT were twofold higher in the ARF+HBO group compared to the ARF group. Renal function tests were ameliorated by HBO therapy. Semiquantitative evaluation of histopathological findings indicated that necrosis and cast formation was decreased by HBO therapy and TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis was inhibited. PCNA staining showed that HBO therapy did not increase regeneration. Ultimately, we conclude that, in accordance with our hypothesis, HBO could be beneficial in the treatment of myoglobinuric ARF