Temperature profiles of Agaricus bisporus in composting stages and effects of different composts formulas and casing materials on yield

Three compost formulas using different activator materials were prepared for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. A locally available casing material known as peat of Bolu district and its different combinations with perlite were used. Temperature profiles of all mixtures during composting were measured at every composting stages at various depth in order to determine the compostability level of substrates. Compost temparature steadily increased until the 10th day of composting and maximum temperatures were recorded at the second turning stage of composting. The highest yield of (5124.1 g/kg) was recorded by wheat straw mixed with pigeon manure (formula number II) with the peat as casing material mixed with perlite (80:20 in volume). The most appropriate casing materials was appeared to be the peat of Bolu district mixed with perlite (80:20; in volume) for all of compost materials. Key Words: Composting, Agaricus bisporus, compost temperature, casing material, yield. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(9) 2004: 456-46

Natural coloration of wood material by red beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and determination color stability under UV exposure

This study is aimed to develop an eco-friendly wood stained extracted from beetroot (Beta vulgaris) and determine the color stability of this stain to UV light irradiation. Natural dyestuff were extracted from beetroot by ultrasonic-assisted method and prepared from aqueous solution with ferrous sulphate, aluminum sulphate, copper sulphate and vinegar mordant mixes. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis), oak (Quercus petraea) and walnut (Juglans regia) wood specimens were used for the study. After treatment with stain, wood specimens were exposed to UV irradiation for periods of 50, 100 and 150 hours. Results showed that the color change values for all wood specimens colored with beetroot extract had better performance compared to synthetic dye. Beetroot extracts may be used as an upper surface dyestuff for indoor application and toys. Therefore, alternative to synthetic dyes more economical and eco-friendly, wood paints may be developed

Interrupted inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old adult: a case report

We present a woman having congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava and partial anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung with atrial septal defect in a 38-year-old. Congenital anomalies of inferior vena cava are rare. They are seen more often in young males. If there are not other anomalies, they are latent for a long time. Peripheral venous thrombosis, chronic venous insufficiency, dyspnea and fatigue are often the first symptoms of these anomalies. Surgical repair of atrial septal defect with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return include provision of durably unobstructed systemic and pulmonary venous pathways, closure of the atrial septal defect, and avoidance of arrhythmias. The diagnosis has been determined by compression ultrasonography with color doppler assessment, multidetector computed tomography angiography and echocardiography

Određivanje učinka tekućeg stakla (SiO2) na stabilnost boje drva obojenoga prirodnim bojama

In this exploratory study, the effect of liquid glass (SiO2) treatment on color stability of wood stained by natural dyes was investigated. Mixing liquid glass with natural dyes produced durable, natural, and protective wood stain as expected. For natural dyes, Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), Indigo (lsatis tinctoria L.) and pomegranate skin (Punica granatum L.) were chosen and their extracts were mixed with liquid glass and applied to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and mahogany (Khaya Ivorensis A. Chev.) specimens using immersion method. Coated wood specimens were tested to evaluate the protection degree of liquid glass + natural stains against discoloration using cold check test. The treated wood specimens were exposed to cold check test for different conditions; 1 h 50 °C (± 5), 1 h laboratory conditions, and 1 h -20 °C (± 2), for 20 cycles. As a result, the liquid glass treatment produced better performance against color change. However, for general definition, liquid glass was not found precisely effective on color stability.U provedenom je istraživanju ispitan učinak tekućeg stakla (SiO2) na stabilnost boje drva obojenoga prirodnim bojama. Miješanjem tekućeg stakla s prirodnim bojama napravljen je trajni prirodni i zaštitni premaz za drvo, kako se i očekivalo. Za prirodne boje odabrani su sladić (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), indigo (lsatis tinctoria L.) i šipak (Punica granatum L.), a njihovi su ekstrakti pomiješani s tekućim staklom i metodom uranjanja naneseni na uzorke drva običnoga bora (Pinus sylvestris L.), kestena (Castanea sativa Mill.) i mahagonija (Khaya Ivorensis A. Chev.). Na tako obrađenim uzorcima drva, primjenom testa hladne provjere, istražen je zaštitni utjecaj premaza od tekućeg stakla i prirodne boje na promjenu boje obrađenih uzoraka drva. Obrađeni su drvni uzorci bili izloženi testu hladne provjere u različitim uvjetima: 1 h pri 50±5 °C, 1 h pri laboratorijskim uvjetima i 1 h pri -20±2 °C u 20 ciklusa. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je obrada tekućim staklom imala pozitivan učinak na zaštitu boje drvnih uzoraka obojenih prirodnim bojama, odnosno da nije došlo do promjene boje. Međutim, općenito se može zaključiti da rezultati istraživanja nisu dali uvjerljiv dokaz učinkovitosti tekućeg stakla na stabilnost boje obojenog drva

İki Farklı Restoratif Materyalin Sınıf V Kavitelerdeki Mikrosızıntıya Etkisi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sınıf V kavitelerde birkompozit rezin ile bir yüksek viskoziteli cam iyonomersimanın mikrosızıntılarının in vitro şartlardadeğerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 30 adet çürüksüz insanüst premolar dişi kullanıldı. Her dişin bukkal yüzeylerinemine-sement sınırından 1 mm aşağıda olacak şekildestandardize edilmiş Sınıf V kaviteler hazırlandı. Dişler herbiri 15 dişten oluşan rastgele 2 gruba ayrıldı. Hazırlanankaviteler birinci grupta bir kompozit rezinle (S3 Bond /Clearfil Esthetic; Kuraray, Tokyo, Japonya), ikinci grupta biryüksek viskoziteli cam ionomer (Fuji IX GP; GC, Tokyo,Japonya) ile dolduruldu. Restoratif maddeler bir LED (EliparFreelight; 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) ışık kaynağıkullanılarak polimerize edildi. Bütün örnekler 24 saat distilesu içerisinde bekletildi ve 1 dakika kalacak şekilde 5 ve 55°Ctermal siklus işlemi 10000 kez uygulandı. Dişlerrestorasyonların 1 mm çevresi hariç tırnak cilası ile kaplandı.24 saat %1’lik metilen mavisi solüsyonunda bekletildi. Dahasonra dişler yıkanıp, bukkolingual yönde dikey olarakkesilerek x15 büyütmede stereomikroskop ile değerlendirildi.Elde edilen veriler Kruskal Wallis ve Whitney U testleriyledeğerlendirildi.Bulgular: Deney grupları arasında istatistiksel birfarklılık bulunamadı (p>0.05). Grup 1’de servikal ve oklüzalmikrosızıntı değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılıkbulundu ( p<0.05 ). Grup 2’ de ise servikal ve oklüzalskorlarda fark bulunmadı. Sonuç: Kullanılan her ikirestoratif materyal, sınıf V kavitelerde mikrosızıntıdeğerlendirmesinde başarılı bulunmuştur

Citološka analiza endometrija kod krava s akutnim i kroničnim endometritisom.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the findings of endometrial cytology in cows with acute and chronic endometritis. For this purpose samples were collected from 217 Brown Swiss and Holstein cows, housed on the Atatürk University Dairy Research Farm between the years 2010 and 2012, and they were stained with Giemsa for cytological examination. In the evaluation, overall 100 cells were counted in the microscopic area and the cells were classified as polymorph nuclear leukocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte and epithelial cells. The cytopathological classification was done according to the percentages of inflammatory cells. Briefly, 126 (58.06 %) samples had extensive inflammatory cells, and of the uterine samples 91 (41.94 %) had normal exfoliation. According to the cellular density results, acute, and chronic and subacute endometritis were described in 68 (31.33 %), 23 (10.60 %) and 35 (16.13 %) cases, respectively. In conclusion, endometrial cytology was found to be an applicable and reliable diagnostic method in diagnosis and diffentiation of acute and chronic endometritis.Cilj istraživanja bio je procijeniti citološke nalaze u endometriju krava s akutnim i kroničnim endometritisom. U tu su svrhu između 2010. i 2012. godine bili prikupljeni uzorci od 217 krava smeđe i holštajnske pasmine, uzgajanih na pokusnoj mliječnoj farmi na Sveučilištu Atatürk. Uzorci su bili obojeni Giemsinim bojenjem. Pri procjeni je u vidnom polju mikroskopa bilo izbrojeno ukupno 100 stanica kojesu razvrstane u polimorfononuklearne leukocite, makrofage, limfocite i epitelne stanice. Citopatološko razvrstavanje bilo je provedeno na osnovi postotka upalnih stanica. Ukratko, upalne stanice bile su ustanovljene u 126 (58,06 %) uzoraka, dok je u 91 (41,94 %) uzorku maternice ustanovljeno normalno ljuštenje stanica. Na osnovi stanične gustoće, akutni endometritis bio je dokazan u 68 (31,33 %) uzoraka, kronični u 23 (10,60 %), a subakutni u 35 (16,13 %) uzoraka. Zaključno, citologija endometrija pokazala se primjenjljivom i pouzdanom metodom u dijagnostici odnosno razlikovanju akutnog od kroničnog endometritisa

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses distinguish classic Rett and Rett-like syndrome and reveals shared altered pathways

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by derangements in nervous system especially in cognition and behavior. The present study aims to understand the molecular underpinnings of two subtypes of RTT, classic RTT and Rett-like, and to elucidate common pathways giving rise to common RTT phenotype using genomic and transcriptomic approaches. Mutation screening on selected nuclear genes revealed only MECP2 mutations in a subset of classic RTT patients. MLPA assays and mtDNA screenings were all negative. Genome-wide copy number analysis indicated a novel duplication on X chromosome. Transcriptional profiling revealed blood gene signatures that clearly distinguish classic RTT and RTT-like patients, as well as shared altered pathways in interleukin-4 and NF-κB signaling pathways in both subtypes of the syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first report on investigating common regulatory mechanisms/signaling pathways that may be relevant to the pathobiology of the “common RTT” phenotype

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years