THE COMPARISON OF INSULIN, IGF-I, IGF-II, LEPTIN, ADIPONECTIN, GHRELIN, RESISTIN, AND VISFATIN LEVELS OF UMBLICAL CORD BLOOD BETWEEN PRETERM, TERM SGA, AGA, LGA AND DICHORIONIC TWIN NEWBORN

Recent studies about mechanisms controlling intrauterine growth indicated that white adipose tissue is a highlyactive endocrine organ, secreting a range of hormones of importance in modulating metabolism, energyhomeostasis and growth, collectively called adipocytokines. Beside well known potent effects of insulin and IGFsystem on fetal growth; adipocytokines are also expressed and secreted by placenta and adipocytes and suggestedto incorporate regulation of fetal growth and speculated to have a role in future development of metabolic andcardivascular disease including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus. We studiedumblical cord insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, resistin and visfatin levels in term SGA, AGA,LGA, preterm and dichorionic twin newborns, compared levels between groups and correlation analysis wasapplied for gestational age, anthropometric measures and for studied parameters. Regression analysis was alsoapplied. There was no significant difference in insulin levels between groups. IGF-I, IGF-II and leptin levels weresignificantly higher in AGA and LGA groups than SGA, preterm and twin groups. LGA group had higher IGF-Ilevel than AGA group. Adiponectin level was found to be significantly higher in AGA group than preterm group.In SGA group adiponectin level was similar with AGA and twin groups, higher than preterm group and lower thanLGA group. Adiponectin level in LGA group was also significantly higher than prematur and twin groups. Ghrelinlevel in AGA group was higher than twin group. LGA group had significantly higher ghrelin levels than SGA,preterm and twin groups. Visfatin level in SGA group was significantly higher than AGA and preterm groups andwas similar with LGA and twin groups. In hypogylcemic newborns just insulin was found to be significantly higherthan normoglycemic cases. Birth weight, lenghth, head circumference and ponderal index were all positivelycorrelated with, IGF-I, IGF-II, leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin. Ponderal index was also weakly positivelycorrelated with resistin. Regression analysis revealed that IGF-I, leptin and adiponectin affect birth weight. Insulinwas positively correlated with IGF-I, IGF-I was also negatively correlated with resistin. There was positivecorrelation between IGF-II, adiponectin and ghrelin. Visfatin and resistin were found to be negatively correlated. Itwas concluded that major determinant of fetal glucose metabolism is insulin and fetal growth is regulated primarilyby IGF-I, leptin, adiponectin and complex interaction of IGF-II, ghrelin and other adipocytokines. High visfatinlevel in SGA group can be an early prognostic marker of future developing metabolic syndrome.</p

Paraurethral cysts in newborn: A case report and review of literature

Paraurethral cysts are uncommonly reported in the newborn. Twenty-eight cases have been reported in the English literature until now. These lesions generally resolve spontaneously. For this reason, a conservative approach is recommended, especially in paraurethral cysts of newborn without complications and symptoms. In this paper, we describe a female neonate who had a paraurethral cyst that spontaneously resolved one month after birth and review the literature