25 research outputs found
Orthopaedic Surgical Site Infections
BackgroundCoryneform species other than Corynebacterium diphtheriae are coming up as important pathogens with the potential to cause serious and life-threatening infections not only in immunocompromised but in immunocompetent individuals as well. The exact infectious potential of these bacteria and their rational antimicrobial treatment is a challenging but essential task.Method The study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology and the Department of Orthopaedics, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh between August 2007 and May 2009. Pus samples were collected from patients of osteomyelitis and other bone infections including orthopaedic surgical site infections. The Corynebacterium species isolated in the study was identified using standard microbiological techniques and antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done by Kirby bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsA total of 312 Corynebacterium species were isolated. The majority of the coryneforms were isolated from the immunocompetent patients 270 (86.54%). C.jeikium was the most common coryneform isolated. Nearly half of the patients 153 (49.04%) had acute infection caused by Corynebacterium species after orthopaedic surgery, a quarter 66 (21.15%) had chronic infection and 72 (23.08%) patients had device-related infection. Coryneforms exhibited maximum resistance to aminoglycosides (58.65%) and β-lactams (penicillin group- 57.55%. C.jeikium was found to be the most resistant amongst all the Corynebacterium species.ConclusionThe study highlights the fact that the coryneforms are no longer just opportunistic pathogens but they are also becoming important pathogens among immunocompetent individuals as well. The emergence of drug resistance amongst these isolates is of most concern. More studies should be done on identification and on antimicrobial susceptibility of these organisms for the proper treatment of patients with such infections
Prevalence and psychosocial correlates of perinatal depression: A cohort study from urban Pakistan
Brief psychological intervention after self-harm:Randomised controlled trial from Pakistan
BackgroundSelf-harm is a major risk factor for completed suicide.AimsTo determine the efficacy of a brief psychological intervention – culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving training (C-MAP) – delivered following an episode of self-harm compared with treatment as usual (TAU).MethodThe study was a randomised controlled assessor-masked clinical trial (trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01308151). All patients admitted after an episode of self-harm during the previous 7 days to the participating medical units of three university hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, were included in the study. A total of 250 patients were screened and 221 were randomly allocated to C-MAP plus treatment as usual (TAU) or to TAU alone. All patients were assessed at baseline, at 3 months (end of intervention) and at 6 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was reduction in suicidal ideation at 3 months. The secondary outcome measures included hopelessness, depression, coping resources and healthcare utilisation.ResultsA total of 108 patients were randomised to the C-MAP group and 113 to the TAU group. Patients in the C-MAP group showed statistically significant improvement on the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Beck Hopelessness Inventory, which was sustained at 3 months after the completion of C-MAP. There was also a significant reduction in symptoms of depression compared with patients receiving TAU.ConclusionsThe positive outcomes of this brief psychological intervention in patients attempting self-harm are promising and suggest that C-MAP may have a role in suicide prevention.</jats:sec
Individual differences in implicit motor learning: task specificity in sensorimotor adaptation and sequence learning
Antidepressant and Group Psychosocial Treatment for Depression: A Rater Blind Exploratory RCT from a Low Income Country
Not Available
Not Available: Although feed cost is the greatest concern in aquaculture, the inclusion of carbohydrates in
the fish diet, and their assimilation, are still not well understood in aquaculture species. We identified
molecular events that occur due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diets of genetically
improved ‘Jayanti rohu’ Labeo rohita. To reveal transcriptional changes in the liver of rohu, a feeding
experiment was conducted with three doses of gelatinized starch (20% (control), 40%, and 60%).
Transcriptome sequencing revealed totals of 15,232 (4464 up- and 4343 down-regulated) and 15,360
(4478 up- and 4171 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes. Up-regulated transcripts
associated with glucose metabolisms, such as hexokinase, PHK, glycogen synthase and PGK, were found
in fish fed diets with high starch levels. Interestingly, a de novo lipogenesis mechanism was found
to be enriched in the livers of treated fish due to up-regulated transcripts such as FAS, ACCα,
and PPARγ. The insulin signaling pathways with enriched PPAR and mTOR were identified by
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) as a result of high carbohydrates. This work
revealed for the first time the atypical regulation transcripts associated with glucose metabolism and
lipogenesis in the livers of Jayanti rohu due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diet.
This study also encourages the exploration of early nutritional programming for enhancing glucose
efficiency in carp species, for sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture production.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableAlthough feed cost is the greatest concern in aquaculture, the inclusion of carbohydrates in
the fish diet, and their assimilation, are still not well understood in aquaculture species. We identified
molecular events that occur due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diets of genetically
improved ‘Jayanti rohu’ Labeo rohita. To reveal transcriptional changes in the liver of rohu, a feeding
experiment was conducted with three doses of gelatinized starch (20% (control), 40%, and 60%).
Transcriptome sequencing revealed totals of 15,232 (4464 up- and 4343 down-regulated) and 15,360
(4478 up- and 4171 down-regulated) di erentially expressed genes. Up-regulated transcripts
associated with glucose metabolisms, such as hexokinase, PHK, glycogen synthase and PGK, were found
in fish fed diets with high starch levels. Interestingly, a de novo lipogenesis mechanism was found
to be enriched in the livers of treated fish due to up-regulated transcripts such as FAS, ACC ,
and PPAR
. The insulin signaling pathways with enriched PPAR and mTOR were identified by
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) as a result of high carbohydrates. This work
revealed for the first time the atypical regulation transcripts associated with glucose metabolism and
lipogenesis in the livers of Jayanti rohu due to the inclusion of high carbohydrate levels in the diet.
This study also encourages the exploration of early nutritional programming for enhancing glucose
e ciency in carp species, for sustainable and cost-e ective aquaculture production.Not Availabl