To study the implications of Electronic Toll Collection System using RFID technology

Transportation is the backbone of any country’s economy. Due to increasing number of vehicles on the road, problems such as congestion, air pollution and many others have become a major factor of concern. Traditional toll collection booths require a number of operations like stopping the vehicle, lowering the window, finding the correct coinage or valid card before travelers can continue their journey. This research paper describes the Electronic toll collection system based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. As time and efficiency are a matter of priority nowadays, the traditional method has to be reformed. In order to overcome the major issues of traffic congestion and time consumption RFID technology is used. RFID reader fixed at tollgate frame reads the tag attached to windshield of vehicle. The object detection sensor in the reader detects the approach of the incoming vehicle’s tag and toll deduction takes place through a prepaid card assigned to the concerned RFID tag that belongs to the owners’ account. Electronic toll collection system (ETC) has various advantages compared to traditional method

Early Nutrition and Weight Gain in Preterm Newborns and the Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity

Objective: To identify nutritional and weight gain limitations associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity among very preterm newborns. Patients and Methods 1180 infants <28 weeks GA at birth with ROP examination results were grouped and analyzed by quartile of weekly total calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid intake, as well as growth velocity between postnatal days 7 and 28 (adjusted for GA and birth weight Z-score). ROP was categorized by development of no, mild (<prethreshold), type 2, or type 1 ROP, as well as markers of ROP severity including stage 3 ROP, zone 1 disease, and plus disease. Associations between nutritional intake and ROP severity were compared. Results: Greater risk for Type 1 ROP (risk/95% confidence intervals) was found for infants with lowest quartile receipt of lipids (2.1/1.1, 3.8), total calories (2.2/1.4, 3.6), and carbohydrates (1.7/1.1, 2.9). Development of zone 1 ROP was associated with lipid or total calorie intake in the lowest quartile, and development of stage 3 ROP was associated with lowest quartile of total calorie intake. Growth velocity in the lowest quartile was associated with increased risk of any ROP, including type 1 ROP. Conclusion: The risk of developing severe ROP in extremely premature infants might be reduced by improving nutritional support, specifically targeting lipids and total calories, and perhaps by improving weight gain

Altered mental status and low anion gap in a patient with sickle cell anemia: a case report

Abstract Introduction It is challenging to diagnose two coexisting medical conditions if the symptoms are overlapping. This is further confounded if the patient presents with an unexplained deterioration in mental status. A low anion gap or a zero anion gap is an uncommon clinical finding and has few differential diagnoses. This test therefore has important implications in correctly identifying underlying medical conditions. Case presentation A 50-year-old African American male patient with sickle cell disease presented with refractory anemia, recurrent bone pains and encephalopathy. Routine testing failed to explain his mental deterioration. A laboratory finding of a low anion gap pointed in the direction of multiple myeloma as the underlying cause. This in turn led to an appropriate and timely course of treatment and clinical improvement. Conclusion We present a very rare case of sickle cell anemia with coexisting multiple myeloma. This case sparks an interesting discussion on the anion gap, of which a clinician should be aware. It highlights the importance of the use of a verifiable anion gap in diagnosing medical conditions beyond the routine diagnosis of acid base disorders.</p

Sample description.

*<p>collected on selected days: 3, 7, 14, and 21.</p

Box and whiskers displays of total carbohydrate, protein, and fat (g/kg/day), total calories (kcal/kg/day), and growth velocity (g/kg/day) among children classified by ROP severity.

<p>Box and whiskers displays of total carbohydrate, protein, and fat (g/kg/day), total calories (kcal/kg/day), and growth velocity (g/kg/day) among children classified by ROP severity.</p

Characteristics of the eight studies that evaluated low weight gain as a risk factor for ROP.

<p>∧Exclusive of birthweight and gestational age at birth.</p>*<p>Online algorithm that calculates difference between expected “safe” weight gain and actual weight gain; an alarm occurs if the accumulated values exceed a limit.^15,16.</p>**<p>Calculated probability of severe ROP based on risk score incorporating GA, BW, and weight gain rate (g/d).</p>***<p>[1000×((weight28-weight7)/weight7)/(28-7)] = g/kg/day.</p

The risks (and 95% confidence intervals) of the ROP level identified on the left among infants classified by the quartile of their weight gain between days 7 and 28 relative to the risk among children whose weight gain was in the highest quartile.

<p>These have been adjusted for gestational age and birth weight Z-score. <b>Bolded</b> odds ratios are significant at the 0.05 level.</p