The effect of life skills training on the educational stress deduction of the Islamic Azad university students in 2013-2014

This article aims to determine the level of life skills training effect on the educational stress of the Islamic Azad University students of Sanandaj in 2013-2014 and it was done by using the experimental research method with pre-test and post-test of interviewed (testifier) group. The statistic society of this article consist of all Islamic Azad University students of Sanandaj in 2013-2014 that based on statistics it was about 11000 persons that Cochran's model was used for estimating the sample size and 277 persons were chosen casually. According to the sample size, firstly the student life stress questionnaire was performed and 60 persons of people that had maximum students life stress depend on questionnaire scale were chosen and screened. The 60 screened persons were divided into two experimental group and control group. It means that 30 people in the experimental group that was taken under the life skills training and 30 people as Control group in order to being compared with the experimental group in the terms of life skills training effect of the educational stress. For surveying the variable s relation, analysis statics and independent T test were used. The result showed that in the terms of life skills training effect on educational stress (there is a meaningful difference between the experimental group and control group) or in other hand, life skills had meaningful effect on the educational stress deduction

Multiply Robust Estimator Circumvents Hyperparameter Tuning of Neural Network Models in Causal Inference

Estimation of the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) is often carried out in 2 steps, wherein the first step, the treatment and outcome are modeled, and in the second step the predictions are inserted into the ATE estimator. In the first steps, numerous models can be fit to the treatment and outcome, including using machine learning algorithms. However, it is a difficult task to choose among the hyperparameter sets which will result in the best causal effect estimation and inference. Multiply Robust (MR) estimator allows us to leverage all the first-step models in a single estimator. We show that MR estimator is $n^r$ consistent if one of the first-step treatment or outcome models is $n^r$ consistent. We also show that MR is the solution to a broad class of estimating equations, and is asymptotically normal if one of the treatment models is $\sqrt{n}$-consistent. The standard error of MR is also calculated which does not require a knowledge of the true models in the first step. Our simulations study supports the theoretical findings

Difference of blood’s oxygen between smokers and non-smokers patients with acute myocardial infarction and finding its cause in animal model

زمینه و هدف: در بیماران مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد، در اثر اختلالات قلبی-ریوی مقادیر گازهای خونی به خصوص اکسیژن غیر طبیعی می گردند، که می تواند موجب مرگ شود. ما در این تحقیق، اولاَ اختلاف اکسیژن خون در افراد سیگاری و غیر سیگاری مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد را نشان داده ایم. ثانیاَ مراحل مختلف تغییرات ناشی از مصرف سیگار و نیکوتین را بر هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت، تعداد گلبولهای قرمز و اکسیژن خون بطور تجربی در خرگوش مطالعه کرده ایم. همچنین روند تغییرات پس از ترک سیگار، و علت تفاوت اکسیژن خون بین افراد سیگاری و غیر سیگاری مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. روش مطالعه: ابتدا هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و اکسیژن خون در تعداد 46 فرد سیگاری و غیر سیگاری مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد اندازه گیری شده است سپس 35 عدد خرگوش به سه گروه شاهد، سیگاری و نیکوتینی تقسیم شدند. گروه سیگاری به مدت 16 روز در معرض دود سیگار قرار گرفت و گروه نیکوتینی در همین مدت مورد تزریق نیکوتین واقع شد و میزان هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و اکسیژن خون، قبل و بعد از 16 روز و یک هفته یا 20 روز پس از ترک سیگار مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. آزمون t برای مقایسه استفاده شد. نتایج: مشاهده شد که هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و اکسیژن خون در بیماران سیگاری، بیشتر بود. در آزمایشات حیوانی، در اثر مصرف سیگار، هموگلوبین، هماتوکریت و تعداد گلبول قرمز افزایش یافتند و نیکوتین در این افزایش نقش نداشت. پس از ترک سیگار، همه تغییرات حاصله، روند بازگشت بحالت نرمال را شروع کردند و فشار اکسیژن در روزهای اولیه ترک سیگار افزایش یافت. نتیجه گیری: اکسیژن خون در بیماران سیگاری مبتلا به انفارکتوس حاد میوکارد بیشتر از افراد غیر سیگاری است و علت آن بیشتر بودن هموگلوبین آزاد پس از ترک سیگار به دنبال انفارکتوس است

A characterization of biflatness of Segal algebras based on a character

Let A be a Banach algebra and φ be a character on A. In this paper, we give a necessary condition, called condition (W), for φ-biflatness of Banach algebra A as well as some hereditary properties. We also study the relation between left φ-amenability and condition (W). Moreover, we apply these results and characterize the φ-biflatness of abstract symmetric Segal algebras. In particular, we identify φ-biflatness of the Lebesgue-Fourier algebra A(G), where G is a unimodular locally compact group. These results describe a homological property for Segal algebras in the setting of biflatness based on character φ

Treatment of Kidney Stones Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Double-J Stent in Infants

Background. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has progressively acquired popularity as being the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract lithiasis in infants since 1980. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of ESWL for kidney stones and the use of double-J stent in infants. Material and Methods. A prospective clinical trial study performed on 50 infants with renal calculi at pelvic admitted in the Urology ward of Shafa Hospital, Sari, Iran, between 2001 and 2010. Main outcome measure of our study was clearing stones after one or more consecutive sessions of ESWL. Results. The study included 50 patients with renal calculi at pelvic. Among them, there were 35 (70%) boys and 15 (30%) girls with the age ranging from 1 to 13 months (mean of 7 month ± 3 days). All of them were treated by standard ESWL using Simons Lithostor plus machine. The stone sizes ranged from 6 mm to 22 mm. Double-J stents were placed in 11 infants (22%) with stones larger than 13 mm. Most of the patients required only one ESWL session. Conclusion. Since there were no complications following ESWL treatment, we can conclude that, in short term, ESWL is an effective and safe treatment modality for renal lithiasis in infants. In addition, we recommend double-J stent in infants with stones larger than 13 mm

The effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma on the inactivation of Escherichia coli in sour cherry juice and its qualitative properties

One of the nonthermal methods is the atmospheric pressure cold plasma (APCP). In this study, the effect of cold plasma on the reduction of Escherichia coli bacteria and qualitative properties of sour cherry juice, including total phenolic content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), and vitamin C, were investigated. Independent variables included plasma exposure time (1, 5, and 9 min), applied field intensity (25, 37.5, and 50 kV/cm), feeding gas oxygen content (0%, 0.5%, and 1%), and sample depth (0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm). The results show that increased oxygen content in argon has the greatest effect on the reduction of bacteria, and plasma exposure decreased 6 logarithmic periods of E. coli bacteria in sour cherry juice. Optimization results showed when all bacteria were eliminated by plasma, TPC remained unchanged, and TAC and vitamin C decreased by 4% and 21%, respectively, while thermal methods increased TPC by 23% and decreased TAC and vitamin C by 26% and 77%, respectively. These results indicate that, compared with conventional thermal methods, sour cherry juice pasteurization using APCP has little effect on the juice qualitative properties, and this method can serve as a suitable alternative to conventional thermal methods. Keywords:cold plasma; Escherichia coli; nonthermal method; response surface method; sour cherry juic

Diversity and relationship between Iranian ethnic groups: Human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) VNTR genotyping

The 40-bp VNTR polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region of the human DAT1 (dopamine transporter 1) was analyzed in the Iranian ethnic groups in order to examine the influence of geographical and linguistic affiliation on the genetic affinities among the Iranian population. A total of 449 subjects belonging to nine ethnic groups from the Iranian population were included in the study. The screening of 898 chromosomes showed five alleles (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11), of which allele 10 revealed the highest frequency in most regions. Allele 8 was predominant in one ethnicity and occurred more frequently in the center of Iran. This study shows that the DAT1 distribution in Iran has a different pattern from those in other studies, which can contribute to an understanding of differentiation and diversity of Iranian ethnic groups. This polymorphism could represent the genetic diversity among the various ethnic groups of Iran. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Aberrant DNA Methylation Status and mRNA Expression Level of SMG1 Gene in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case-Control Study

Objective Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative malignancy with different stages. Aberrant epigeneticmodifications, such as DNA methylation, have been introduced as a signature for diverse cancers which also plays acrucial role in CML pathogenesis and development. Suppressor with morphogenetic effect on genitalia (SMG1) generecently has been brought to the spotlight as a potent tumor suppressor gene that can be suppressed by tumors forfurther progress. The present study aims to investigate SMG1 status in CML patients. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, peripheral blood from 30 patients with different phases of CML [newcase (N)=10, complete molecular remission (CMR)=10, blastic phase (BP)=10] and 10 healthy subjects were collected.Methylation status and expression level of SMG1 gene promoter was assessed by methylation-specific polymerasechain reaction (MSP) and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. Results MSP results of SMG1 gene promotor in the new case group were methylated (60% methylated, 30%hemimethylated and 10% unmethylated). All CMR and control group patients were unmethylated in the SMG1 genepromoter. In the BP group, methylated SMG1 promoter was seen (50% of patients had a methylated status and 50%had hemimethylated status). In comparison with the healthy subjects, expression level of SMG1 in the new case groupwas decreased (P<0.01); in the CMR group and BP-CML groups, it was increased (P<0.05). No significant correlationbetween patients’ hematological features and SMG1 methylation was seen. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that aberrant methylation of SMG1 occurred in CML patients and it had asignificant association with SMG1 expression. SMG1 gene promoter showed diverse methylated status and subsequentexpression levels in different phases of CML. These findings suggested possible participation of SMG1 suppression inthe CML pathogenesis