Childhood Physical Abnormalities following Paternal Exposure to Sulfur Mustard Gas in Iran: a Case-Control Study

BACKGROUND:Mustard gas, a known chemical weapon, was used during the Iran-Iraq war of 1980-1988. We aimed to determine if exposure to mustard gas among men was significantly associated with abnormalities and disorders among progenies.METHODS:Using a case-control design, we identified all progenies of Sardasht men (exposed group, n = 498), who were born at least nine months after the exposure, compared to age-matched controls in Rabat, a nearby city (non-exposed group, n = 689). We conducted a thorough medical history, physical examination, and appropriate paraclinical studies to detect any physical abnormality and/or disorder. Given the presence of correlated data, we applied Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) multivariable models to determine associations.RESULTS:The overall frequency of detected physical abnormalities and disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group (19% vs. 11%, Odds Ratio [OR] 1.93, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.37-2.72, P = 0.0002). This was consistent across sexes. Congenital anomalies (OR 3.54, 95% CI, 1.58-7.93, P = 0.002) and asthma (OR, 3.12, 95% CI, 1.43-6.80, P = 0.004) were most commonly associated with exposure. No single abnormality was associated with paternal exposure to mustard gas.CONCLUSION:Our study demonstrates a generational effect of exposure to mustard gas. The lasting effects of mustard gas exposure in parents effects fertility and may impact child health and development in the long-term

Scale-free equilibria of self-gravitating gaseous disks with flat rotation curves

We introduce exact analytical solutions of the steady-state hydrodynamic equations of scale-free, self-gravitating gaseous disks with flat rotation curves. We express the velocity field in terms of a stream function and obtain a third-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) for the angular part of the stream function. We present the closed-form solutions of the obtained ODE and construct hydrodynamical counterparts of the power-law and elliptic disks, for which self-consistent stellar dynamical models are known. We show that the kinematics of the Large Magellanic Cloud can well be explained by our findings for scale-free elliptic disks.Comment: AAS preprint format, 21 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

Update on New Therapies of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are as a chronic wound with a serious and rampant complication of diabetes mellitus. Treatment of DFU remains often challenging and time-consuming due to consecutive uncomfortable outcomes. Therefore, this review helps to inform clinicians of the current status of new effective therapies for DFUs

The investigation of the effective factors on the academic achievements of Tehran engineering departments students for submitting a model to predicting their academic achievements

The current study is performed in order to investigate the relationship between the effective variables on the academic achievements of Tehran engineering departments. This study population’s includes all Tehran engineering departments’ students. The sampling method in the present study is the classification sampling with 216 samples. The tools used for the current study are the self regulation learning questionnaire of Chene (2001), and the emotional intelligence questionnaire of Sebria Shring, Migdeli classroom goal orientation questionnaire. To measure students` academic achievements, we used all the students` GPA. The statistical tests used in the study, include descriptive and conclusive statistics (multiple regression and path analysis). The results suggest that in the self regulation learning, cognition and meta cognition strategies components, attempt management, cooperation in learning, seeking help in the emotional intelligence self-motivation, self-control, social skills, and self-knowledge and classroom goal orientation are the main variables for proficiency of academic achievement predictability of Tehran engineering departments students. At the end a model for students` academic achievement prediction is porposed

A Study of Relationship Between the Functions of Thinking Styles and Academic Achievement Among Student of Faculties of Technical and Engineering in the University of Tehran

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the function of thinking styles and academic achievement among students of Faculties of Technical and Engineering in the University of Tehran. Analysis also considered sexual difference in the functions of thinking styles. 146 persons were selected using stratified sampling method(including 74 men and 72 women). Sternberg and Wagner's thinking styles questionnaire and self- reported form of academic achievement were used to collect data. Person correlation, multiple regression and T test were used to analysis the data. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between thinking styles and academic achievement. It was also found that executive thinking styles can only explain academic achievement and that women and men are significantly higher, at executive thinking styles and judicial thinking styles, respectively

Evaluation of the National Prevention Program in Iran, 2007-2009: the Accomplishments and Challenges with Reflections on the Path Ahead

β-Thalassemia major (β-TM) is an inherited disease and efforts have been made in several countries to reduce the number of affected births. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the Iranian thalassemia prevention program, considered to be an important program in the region. The time period of the present study ranges from 2007–2009, during which new thalassemic births and the relevant causes were evaluated throughout the country. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran. A questionnaire was forwarded to all blood centers of the IBTO so as to obtain information about the new cases of thalassemia and the causes of these thalassemic births. Provincial thalassemia societies also received the questionnaires so that screening and prenatal diagnosis (PND) errors would be recorded. The results showed that 755 new thalassemia cases were born during 2007–2009 with the average fall in affected thalassemia births of 80.82%. The main cause of the new births was attributed to unregistered “timeless religious marriages” based on the conventions of the Sunni community which accounted for 43.17% of all new cases mainly having occurred in Sistan & Baluchestan Province. Not using PND was evaluated to be another main cause. Although the prevention program has led to a great reduction in thalassemic births, new measures are required, including research on how to make the program compatible with social and economic conventions and norms of Sistan & Baluchestan Province. The province of Kohgiluyeh Boyer Ahmad also needs to be revisited in terms of the program efficacy