No-scanning 3D measurement method using ultrafast dimensional conversion with a chirped optical frequency comb

A simultaneously high-precision, wide-range, and ultrafast time-resolution one-shot 3D shape measurement method is presented. Simultaneous times of flight from multiple positions to a target encoded in a chirped optical frequency comb can be obtained from spectral interferometry. We experimentally demonstrate a one-shot imaging profile measurement of a known step height of 480 µm with µm-level accuracy. We further demonstrate the extension of the dynamic range by measuring in one shot a large step height of 3 m while maintaining high accuracy using the accurate pulse-to-pulse separation of the optical frequency comb. The proposed method with its large dynamic range and measurement versatility can be applied to a broad range of applications, including microscopic structures, objects with large size or aspect ratio, and ultrafast time-resolved imaging. This study provides a powerful and versatile tool for 3D measurement, where various ranges of measurement performances can be tailored to demand

High-resolution 3D imaging method using chirped optical frequency combs based on convolution analysis of the spectral interference fringe

We applied an imaging optical system and convolution analysis to a one-shot 3D imaging method with a chirped optical frequency comb to greatly improve the transverse spatial resolution and depth accuracy. We obtained the high contrast spectral interference of a diffusive surface using the designed lens system and developed a simple and robust analysis technique using convolution of an obtained the interference fringe. The developed method was demonstrated to realize submicron-level uncertainty for the depth measurement. When applied to the surface structure of a coin, it demonstrated a transverse spatial resolution of 8.98 lp/mm and depth resolution of 0.35 µm

A complete dietary review of Japanese birds with special focus on molluscs

Birds often hold important positions in the food webs of ecosystems. As a result, interactions between birds and their prey have attracted attention not only in ecology, but also in fields like agriculture and conservation. Avian food resources are well researched in Japan, however there is no database critically reviewing molluscs as a food resource for birds. Here, we present a new database reviewing dietary information for all Japanese bird species. In addition to addressing general diet categories and specific food habits for each bird, we include detailed data on the molluscan prey observed for all species that consume them. The information within this database was collected through intense literary review to provide a complete look at bird species historically present around the country. We also include new information on snail species found in the upper digestive tract of harvested wild birds. This database is publicly available in the Zenodo repository. The information should aid research around the Japanese archipelago, especially projects involving birds or molluscs

The protective effect of CD40 ligand–CD40 signalling is limited during the early phase of Plasmodium infection

Abstractγδ T cells are essential for eliminating Plasmodium berghei XAT. Because administration of the agonistic anti-CD40 antibody can induce elimination of P. berghei XAT parasites in γδ T cell-deficient mice, we considered that γδ T cells might activate dendritic cells via CD40 signalling during infection. Here we report that administration of the anti-CD40 antibody to γδ T cell-deficient mice 3–10days post-P. berghei XAT infection could eliminate the parasites. Our data suggest that dendritic cell activation via γδ T cells expressing CD40 ligand is critical during the early phase of infection

Impact of body composition on mRCC Prognosis

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the impact of patients’ nutritional status and changes in body composition on the prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients who received systemic therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Methods : A total of 57 mRCC patients who received systemic therapy with TKIs as first-line therapy at our facility between November 2004 and October 2018 were included. The Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) was used to evaluate their nutritional status. The volumes of skeletal muscle mass and fat tissue were calculated using the SYNAPSE VINCENT system. The effects of nutritional status and body composition of mRCC patients on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression methods. Results : Low PNI at the start of systemic therapy was a significant prognostic predictor for OS (HR 3.807 [95% CI 1.205-12.027], P = 0.046), and it was related to loss of muscle mass three months after systemic therapy. Although the loss of muscle mass at the start of systemic therapy was not associated with OS, loss of muscle mass during treatment predicted worse OS. Conclusions : Nutritional status of mRCC patients may predict changes in body composition and be associated with their prognosis

Effects of Positive and Negative Affect and Emotional Suppression on Short-term Life Satisfaction and Depression

Relationships between emotional experiences and health/adjustment are influenced by many variables, with emotional suppression (ES) being one of the most influential. In the current study, we examined the effects of affect and ES on short-term life satisfaction (LS) and depression. We also considered the dimension of activation status for both positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). The final sample included data collected from 131 undergraduates (66 men and 65 women). Participants answered five questionnaires to assess activated and deactivated PA and NA, ES, short-term LS, and depression on three occasions separated by approximately five weeks. In each case, the questionnaires determined experiences over the previous week. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that ES was positively associated with short-term LS in women, with no ES x affect interaction. Also, in women, deactivated PA was positively associated with short-term LS, while deactivated NA was negatively associated with short-term LS. With respect to depression, no significant findings were obtained. Limitations of this study, along with the necessity of interventional methods in future research, are discussed

ヨボウ キョウイク カガク ニオケル ベース ソウゴウ キョウイク ト オプショナル キョウイク

After Yamasaki and Uchida（2010）that underscored the importance of the science of preventive education for children’s health and adjustment in schools, this paper introduced comprehensive base and partial optional education that are developed in the science of preventive education. The education is named “TOP SELF”（Trial Of Prevention School Education for Life and Friendship）. First, the structure of hierarchical purposes in each education was explained. In the comprehensive base education, developments of autonomy and interpersonal relatedness are established as primary purposes, and developments of selfconfidence, understanding and regulating emotions, prosociality, and social skills as constituent purposes. Under each constituent purpose, intermediate, subordinate, and operational purposes are developed in this order, and thereafter concrete methods are developed under each operational purpose. Meanwhile, the partial optional education has four taxonomic program groups such as School Adjustment, Mental Health, Physical Health, and Risk Behaviors. Each group has three or four prevention programs : Prevention programs for bullying, violence, and delinquency are included in School Adjustment ; revention programs for stress, anxiety, and depression in Mental Health ; prevention programs for drug abuse, sex-related misbehaviors, and smoking and drinking in Risk Behaviors ; and prevention programs for development and improvement of total lifestyles and dietary, exercise, and sleep lifestyles in order to prevent lifestyle diseases are included in Physical Health. Next, it was elucidated how to apply scientific theories and how to develop methods in TOP SELF. Specifically, common characteristics of the methods in TOP SELF were explained in detail, nderscoring development of materials and activities that are both attractive for children and easy for teachers to conduct and prepare for. Finally, basic implementation patterns of base and optional education in grade and junior high schools were suggested. Future topics that this paper did not cover are discussed