Herbert Hoover & the American Relief Administration’s Efforts in Soviet Russia, 1921-1923; Anti-Soviet Sentiment Stymies Success

This project examines political enmity’s role within Herbert Hoover and the American Relief Administration’s efforts to quell an extensive famine in Soviet Russia from 1921 to 1923. ARA members claimed that relief efforts were solely humanitarian, not an attempt to sway the USSR from socialism. Portraying the relief program as a humanitarian effort left open the possibility of a friendship between two countries with diametrically opposing ideologies. This paper argues that it was, in fact, anti-Soviet sentiment in the Hoover administration that directed the conception and actions of the ARA mission in famine-stricken Russia. It also shows how the ARA’s anti-Soviet sentiment reinforced Soviet officials’ own anti-American views, and ultimately hindered the deployment and efficacy of the mission. The paper makes use of ARA personnel’s oral histories and memoirs, materials not yet widely utilized due to the general disinterest of American historians towards the topic. Through these materials, it will demonstrate that the atmosphere of mutual distrust, predating the Cold War, hinted at the beginnings of a longstanding ideological rivalry between the US and USSR

Sir John Gardner Wilkinson: The Preservation and Pillage of Ancient Egypt

This paper analyzes the debate over the role of John Wilkinson in the development of Egyptology in the late-nineteenth century. Scholars have debated the early importance Wilkinson had during his lifetime. Some argue that Wilkinson’s work was marginalized during his lifetime, and that his research was not fully appreciated until the past twenty years. Here, I demonstrate that Wilkinson’s work formed the foundation for the work of many of his contemporaries. This, coupled with a number of other arguments, indicate that Wilkinson’s work must have been seriously considered among academic circles during his time

Interpreting Judicial Behavior: How Content Analysis of Language Reveals the Values, Philosophy, and Judicial Decision Making Style of William H. Rehnquist

The intention of this analysis was to comment on the democratic nature of the United States Supreme Court by analyzing the decision making style of Supreme Court justice, William H. Rehnquist. There were two main research questions that drove this inquiry. First, was Rehnquist a consistent jurist? And second, which decision making model best exemplified his decision making style? In order to answer these questions, a computer assisted content analysis was conducted on the language Rehnquist used to describe his judicial philosophy and the justifications he made in opinions he wrote pertaining to personal privacy issues that came before the Court. The data consisted of 16 articles that described Rehnquist\u27s self-attributed judicial philosophy, followed by an analysis of 11 opinions he wrote in personal privacy cases. After testing, five main components presented themselves as characteristics of his judicial philosophy, they were: legal positivism, moral relativism, majoritarianism, originalism and federalism. It became clear through an analysis of his word choice that his judicial philosophy played a consistent role in shaping the opinions he wrote on personal privacy issues. After further analysis it was deduced that Rehnquist followed the legal model of decision making when deciding personal privacy cases. This conclusion was reached because he relied more on legal factors than his political values when he decided these cases. However it is important to note that these findings should not be generalized beyond the area of personal privacy as many times it seems that based on the legal area being analyzed justices use different methods for deciding cases. Thus, while ideal it seems to be impossible for a judge to completely divorce themselves from their political identity and thus there will be, based on what a judge believes their role is, varying degrees of influence of their political values on the process of judging

Viscous Anisotropy of Wet Olivine Aggregates

I will deform natural olivine aggregates (Anita Bay dunite) cores in various orientations relative to a natural mineral alignment in the rock under both dry and wet conditions. Different orientations in regards to this mineral alignment will produce deformation on different slip systems. Stress measurements will be taken during the deformation of the samples in order to characterize any changes in viscous anisotropy observed due to the changes in slip system. Anita Bay dunite is a proxy for the main mineral found in the mantle wedge of subduction zones. Therefore, understanding the transformation of viscosity and slip systems in this sample is important to understanding the processes in subduction zones as a whole, and how these processes affect humans

Are All Running Training Loads Created Equal?

Training load (TL) is defined as the product of external and internal loads. Various types of external loads can be used in calculating running TL. The purpose of this study was to compare week-to-week changes among different TL in runners. Nine male cross-country runners participated in two consecutive weeks of training monitoring. Sessions rate of perceived exertion (sRPE) was collected after each run. External loads included miles, minutes, Step Count, Bone Stimulus, and estimated cumulative peak vertical force. Paired t-tests and Cohen\u27s d effect sizes were used to compare between-week percent change (%?) among TL measures and minutes (p\u3c 0.05). Different between-week%? were found between sRPExMinutes (p = 0.002), sRPExStep Count (p = 0.006), sRPExForce (p = 0.002), and miles (p = 0.019) compared to minutes. Findings suggest that using TL allows for more individualized monitoring of the training physiological loads in high school runners