Różnorodność i zmiana: polityka rządowa a wpływ otoczenia

The article addresses the issue of change in the government-university relationships. As has become increasingly clear for both analysts of higher education policy and for administrators in higher education institutions, a fundamental shift in the relationship between national governments and higher education institutions is taking place in many Western European countries. In some countries, these changes are occurring at greater speed than in others, but movement to what has been labelled “state supervision” is quite dominant. The first part of the article analyses the rationale for this change at system level by tracing its historical imperatives; after which it discusses the concept of the supervisory governance model. The second part focuses in particular on one of the key of this objective and what doing so implies for the role and function of higher education institutions. By focussing on the specific issue of diversity, the authors intend to demonstrate the dynamic relationship between governments and higher education institutions that is implied in the supervisory model.Artykuł jest poświęcony zmianom w stosunkach między rządem i uniwersytetem. Zarówno dla analizujących politykę wobec szkolnictwa wyższego, jak i dla zarządzających szkołami wyższymi coraz bardziej oczywisty staje się fakt, że w wielu państwach Europy Zachodniej dokonują się zasadnicze zmiany w relacjach między państwem a instytucjami szkolnictwa wyższego. W niektórych krajach zmiany te zachodzą szybciej niż w pozostałych, lecz powszechna jest tendencja do przeobrażania stanu nazwanego „regulacją państwową” . W pierwszej części artykułu autorzy zajmują się systemowymi determinantami tych zmian, eksponując czynniki historyczne, oraz sposobem tworzenia państwowej regulacji. W drugiej części koncentrują się na jednym z kluczowych celów polityki w stosunku do szkół wyższych, to jest na problemie różnorodności i instrumentach realizacji strategii regulacji, a także na skutkach, jakie one wywierają w sferze misji oraz zadań szkół wyższych. Koncentrując się na problemie różnorodności, autorzy starają się pokazać zmiany zachodzące - pod wpływem modelu regulacji - w stosunkach między państwem a szkołami wyższymi

Restructuring higher education:a comparative analysis between Australia and the Netherlands

It must be considered that there is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful to success, than to initiate a new order of things. For the reformer has enemies in all those who profit by the old order, and only lukewarm defenders in all those who profit by the new order, this lukewarmness arising partly from fear of their adversaries, who have the laws in their favour; and partly from the incredulity of mankind, who do not truly believe in anything new until they have actual experience of it. (Machiavelli

Why Planning Fails: A Study of Higher Education Planning in Papua New Guinea, 1984-1990

The nature and key determinants of national policy process are explored through an empirical study of failure in national tertiary education planning. It centres on a case study of the formulation and implementation of the Papua New Guinea (PNG) Higher Education Plan 1986 - 1990: A Strategy for Rationalisation, during the period 1984 - 1990. It combines a grounded theoretical approach with examination of the explanatory power of pluralist, Marxist and elite theoretical perspectives. The main argument is that, although many factors combined to account for the lack of success in tertiary education planning in PNG, the following emerged as the most important: PNG's dependence on and vulnerability to the global economy; the scarcity of resources exacerbated by global recession, by Australian aid policy, and by PNG domestic economic policy in certain sectors; the weakness of PNG democracy and inherent incoherence in its government; and the deliberate frustration of planning by those interests that felt themselves directly threatened. A wide range of factors were exploited by those interests. Increasing resource scarcity, whether externally imposed or internally generated, played a key role in activating them and was associated with increase in inequality. Democracy was particularly vulnerable to elite domination when confronted by acute resource scarcity. Resource scarcity exacerbated the dominance of elite interests. This contributed significantly to the frustration of the national planning process, which in turn resulted in increased inequality. As many of these conditions and opportunities applied equally to the rest of the public sector, the explanation is applicable more generally to the policy process in PNG, and to some other countries with similar circumstances. Although pluralist, Marxist and elite theoretical perspectives are useful in explaining the frustration of policy process, each is insufficient by itself. They are not mutually exclusive and a synthesis would be more useful. Adequate theory would need to be capable of linking micro-level to global level policy phenomena

VET Leadership for the Future: contexts, characteristics and capabilities

This study examines leadership in Australia’s vocational education and training (VET) sector. VET leaders make a vital and growing contribution to learners, industry and society, yet research on their work is limited. This has direct implications for ensuring leadership is most effective, and for framing evidence-based capacity development. To assist the sector, and in particular the people who find themselves running large and complex training organisations, this study paints a picture of what VET leaders do, and of how they can do it best

Repertoires of governance among members of Australian university governing boards

Recent corporate collapses have focused public attention on the roles and responsibilities of governing boards. These issues are also significant for Australian universities. This research examines the repertoires of ideas that public university governing body members use to make sense of their governance functions. Through a qualitative study of the language of members of five university governing boards (councils), it identifies the repertoires, or 'regimes of justification' (Boltanksi & Thevenot 1991), used by board members to interpret the principles and practices of university governance. My thesis is that board members of university councils in Australia use several distinct repertoires - of business, of the community, of traditional university values and of professionalism - to express their ideas about university governance. Analysis of these repertoires, each of which implies a different 'logic of action' (Bacharach, Bamberger, & Sonnenstuhl 1996), illuminates our understanding of why board members interpret governance functions in different and sometimes contradictory ways. It also provides a means to assess the influence of 'managerialist' ideas on Australian university governance and the extent to which Australian university governance is yet to become professionalised. The theoretical basis for the research is drawn from the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, coupled with the discourse analytical method of interpretative repertoires (Wetherell & Potter 1988). By viewing board governance as a locus of discursive struggles over differing systems of value, it becomes possible to analyse the impact on 'practical politics' (Heffernan 1997) of the repertoires of key ideas revealed in discourse by governing board members. This research affirms the significance of organisational and wider societal values in non-for-profit governance. Broad concepts of the public good, participation and the university ideal are used to counterbalance an extreme managerialist view that universities are no more than a particular type of business. It is noted that certain repertoires may be more commonly employed in particular institutions such as regional universities. Reflexive consideration of these differing repertoires by council members could contribute to more effective university governance

Country paper on Australia: cross-border higher education in Australia

This is a publisher’s version of chapter 11 in Implications of WTO/GATS on higher education in Asia & the Pacific published by UNESCO. http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/resources/online-materials/publications/unesdoc-database/The growth of cross-border higher education and increase in number of international students in Australia has been remarkable indeed. The reasons for this are complex, but rest mainly on the increasing market-like co-ordination of Australian higher education, funding diversification and the continuing privatisation of the public higher education sector. This paper outlines the development of cross-border higher education in Australia. Section I begins with a detailed discussion of the higher education policy background that is essential to an understanding of why Australia has become a world leader in international higher education. Next, in Section II the paper briefly examines some of the reasons for Australia’s success in international higher education. Then Section III examines the rise of cross-border higher education in this country with a policy shift from aid to trade with respect to international students. The discussion is loosely organized around the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) four modes of service delivery. Next Section IV gives a summary of Australia’s GATS commitments and a few of the quality assurance (QA) issues. The paper concludes with a look at where Australia may be heading with respect to cross-border higher education (see Section V)

PRODUÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR AUSTRALIANA: DO ACADÊMICO AO COMERCIAL

Este artigo analisa o impacto que as políticas públicas australianas para a educação superior tiveram sobre a pesquisa e a produção de conhecimento nas universidades desse país. A tendência política desses últimos anos levou a educação superior à competição de mercado, à diversificação dos orçamentos e à mercadorização do conhecimento. Isso provocou uma redefinição do valor da pesquisa universitária em termos comerciais e desvalorizou as pesquisas de algumas áreas tradicionais. Este artigo argumenta que, embora o fato de a educação superior ter se adaptado ao mercado tenha tido aspectos positivos, a política do governo, ideologicamente comprometido com a privatização quase completa do setor da educação superior pública, não é do interesse da nação no longo prazo

Internationalisation of higher education and the Australian academic profession

Copyright confirmation in progress. Any queries to [email protected] term ‘international higher education’ is not easily defined. It means many things to different people, and is often confused with globalisation of higher education. According to Altbach (2002, p. 1), “globalisation refers to trends in higher education that have cross-national implications”, such as student markets, internet based technologies, the global knowledge economy, and massification of higher education, while internationalisation ‘refers to the specific policies and initiatives of countries and individual academic institutions or systems to deal with global trends’, such as international student recruitment. This paper is concerned primarily with international higher education, particularly the international higher education student market, and the role of government policy, rather than globalisation. However, it is recognised that it is impossible to keep the two phenomenon entirely separate