Epidemiología molecular y análisis filogenético de la infección por el virus del papiloma humano en mujeres con lesiones cervicales y cáncer en la región litoral del Ecuador

The aim of the present study was to gather information regarding the molecular epidemiology of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and related risk factors in a group of women with low- and high-grade cervical lesions and cancer from the coastal region of Ecuador. In addition, we studied the evolution of HPV variants from the most prevalent types and provided a temporal framework for their emergence, which may help to trace the source of dissemination within the region. We analyzed 166 samples, including 57 CIN1, 95 CIN2/3 and 14 cancer cases. HPV detection and typing was done by PCR-sequencing (MY09/MY11). HPV variants and estimation of the time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was assessed through phylogeny and coalescence analysis. HPV DNA was found in 54.4% of CIN1, 74.7% of CIN2/3 and 78.6% of cancer samples. HPV16 (38.9%) and HPV58 (19.5%) were the most prevalent types. Risk factors for the development of cervical lesions/cancer were the following: three or more pregnancies (OR = 4.3), HPV infection (OR = 3.7 for high-risk types; OR = 3.5 for HPV16), among others. With regard to HPV evolution, HPV16 isolates belonged to lineages A (69%) and D (31%) whereas HPV58 isolates belonged only to lineage A. The period of emergence of HPV16 was in association with human populations (tMRCA = 91. 052 years for HPV16A and 27. 000 years for HPV16D), whereas HPV58A preceded Homo sapiens evolution (322. 257 years). This study provides novel data on HPV epidemiology and evolution in Ecuador, which will be fundamental in the vaccine era.Fil: Bedoya Pilozo, Cesar H.. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; Ecuador. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Medina Magües, Lex G.. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; EcuadorFil: Espinosa García, Maylen. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Sánchez, Martha. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Parrales Valdiviezo, Johanna V.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Molina, Denisse. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Ibarra, María A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Quimis Ponce, María. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: España, Karool. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Párraga Macias, Karla E.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Cajas Flores, Nancy V.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Solon, Orlando A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; Ecuador. Universidad Agraria del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Robalino Penaherrera, Jorge A.. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Salud Pública; EcuadorFil: Chedraui, Peter. Hospital Gineco-Obstétrico Enrique C. Sotomayor; EcuadorFil: Escobar, Saul. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Loja Chango, Rita D.. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Ramirez Morán, Cecibel. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Espinoza Caicedo, Jasson. Universidad Católica de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Sánchez Giler, Sunny. Universidad Especialidades Espíritu Santo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; EcuadorFil: Limia, Celia M.. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Alemán, Yoan. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Soto, Yudira. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Kouri, Vivian. Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri; CubaFil: Culasso, Andrés Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología y Biotecnología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Badano, Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación; Ecuador. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada; Argentin

Studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) in Ecuador, part I

Aprovechando la realización de las XL Jornadas Nacionales de Biología Espol en la ciudad de Guayaquil, se realizó una sesión dedicada a la epidemiología del virus de papiloma humano (VPH) y del cáncer cervical. Esta sesión tuvo la participación de varios investigadores provenientes de diferentes zonas del Ecuador. El presente artículo tiene como objeto presentar un resumen de estas charlas, junto a un análisis de la información mostrada además de una reflexión sobre las preguntas que quedan aún por responder en cuanto al perfil epidemiológico de esta patología en el país.Taking advantage of the realization of the XL National Conference on Espol Biology in the city of Guayaquil, a session was held dedicated to the epidemiology of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and cervical cancer. This session was attended by several researchers from different areas of Ecuador. The object of this article is to present a summary of these talks, together with an analysis of the information shown in addition to a reflection on the questions still to be answered regarding the epidemiological profile of this pathology in the country.Fil: Rivera, Angélica. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: De la Plata, Janice. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Montiel, Marynes. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Romero, Christian. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Piedrahíta, Paolo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Eduardo. Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida; EcuadorFil: Moreno, Arturo. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Espinosa, Maylen. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Bedoya, César. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Arreaga, Carlos. Universidad Técnica de Machala; EcuadorFil: España, Karool. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Parrales, Eduardo. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Zhingre, Alicia. Universidad de Guayaquil; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Sunny. Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo; EcuadorFil: Campoverde, Alfredo. Universidad de Cuenca; EcuadorFil: Dalgo, Paola. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: Arévalo, Paulina. Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja; EcuadorFil: García, Gustavo. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Mendoza, Marcia. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Ruiz, Juan. Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer. Instituto Oncológico Nacional; EcuadorFil: Sanchez, Martha. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Medina, Lex. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Párraga, Karla. United European Gastroenterology; AustriaFil: Ibarra, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Quimís, María. No especifíca;Fil: Parrales, Johana. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Molina, Denisse. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Badano, Ines. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Orlando, Alberto. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; EcuadorFil: Vega Luzuriaga, Patricio. Ministerio de Salud Publica. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion En Salud Publica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Perez; Ecuado

Genotipificación del virus del papiloma humano mediante secuenciamiento y PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real y detección de variantes intratípicas por análisis fitogenético

El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es el agente de transmisión sexual más común en el mundo. Este virus causa el 99% de los casos de cáncer cervicouterino, por lo tanto la detección, genotipificación y el grado de progresión de este virus es esencial para la prevención dl cáncer citado. El objetivo de esta tesis es evaluar es el de evaluar la genotipificación de un nuevo ensayo llamado Anyplex II HPV28 (H28) con el estándar de oro que es el secuenciamiento, comparando sus resultados y conocer las variantes del VPH presentes en Ecuador por medio de análisis fitlogenéticos

Genotipificacion del virus del papiloma humano mediante secuenciamiento y pcr cuantitativa en tiempo real y detección de variantes intratipicas por análisis

VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO (VPH) ES EL AGENTE DE TRANSMISION SEXUAL MAS COMUN EN EL MUNDO. LOS ENSAYOS DE GENOTIPIFICACIÓN VARÍAN ENTRE SÍ EN SU SENCIBILIDAD Y ESPECIFICACIÓN; POR LO CUAL, EL OBJETIVO DE ESTA TESIS ES EVALUAR LA GENOTIPIFICACIÓN DE UN NUEVO ENSAYO LLAMADO ANYPLEX II HPV28 (H28) CON EL ESTANDAR DE ORO QUE ES EL SECUENCIAMIENTO, COMPARANDO SUS RESULTADOSGuayaquilBIÓLOG

mRNA Vaccine Protects against Zika Virus

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, has recently triggered global concern due to severe health complications. In 2015, a large ZIKV outbreak occurred in the Americas and established a link between ZIKV and microcephaly in newborn babies, spontaneous abortion, persistent viremia, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. While antivirals are being developed and prevention strategies focus on vector control, a safe and effective Zika vaccine remains unavailable. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine technology has arisen as a flexible, simplified, and fast vaccine production platform. Here, we report on an mRNA vaccine candidate that encodes the pre-membrane and envelope (prM–E) glycoproteins of ZIKV strain Brazil SPH2015 and is encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Our ZIKV prM–E mRNA-LNP vaccine candidate induced antibody responses that protected in AG129 mice deficient in interferon (IFN) alpha/beta/gamma (IFN-α/β/γ) receptors. Notably, a single administration of ZIKV prM–E mRNA-LNP protected against a lethal dose of ZIKV, while a two-dose strategy induced strong protective immunity. E-specific double-positive IFN-γ and TNF-α T-cells were induced in BALB/c mice after immunizations with a two-dose strategy. With the success of mRNA vaccine technology in facing the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, our data support the development of prM–E RNActive® as a promising mRNA vaccine against Zika to counter future epidemics

Impact of Molecular Modifications on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Recombinant Raccoon Poxvirus-Vectored Rabies Vaccine Candidates in Mice

Rabies is an ancient disease that is responsible for approximately 59,000 human deaths annually. Bats (Order Chiroptera) are thought to be the original hosts of rabies virus (RABV) and currently account for most rabies cases in wildlife in the Americas. Vaccination is being used to manage rabies in other wildlife reservoirs like fox and raccoon, but no rabies vaccine is available for bats. We previously developed a recombinant raccoonpox virus (RCN) vaccine candidate expressing a mosaic glycoprotein (MoG) gene that protected mice and big brown bats when challenged with RABV. In this study, we developed two new recombinant RCN candidates expressing MoG (RCN-tPA-MoG and RCN-SS-TD-MoG) with the aim of improving RCN-MoG. We assessed and compared in vitro expression, in vivo immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in vaccinated mice challenged intracerebrally with RABV. All three candidates induced significant humoral immune responses, and inoculation with RCN-tPA-MoG or RCN-MoG significantly increased survival after RABV challenge. These results demonstrate the importance of considering molecular elements in the design of vaccines, and that vaccination with either RCN-tPA-MoG or RCN-MoG confers adequate protection from rabies infection, and either may be a sufficient vaccine candidate for bats in future work

Fibropapillomatosis in a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) from the southeastern Pacific

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that afflicts sea turtles. Although it is disseminated worldwide, cases of the disease have not been reported in the southeastern Pacific region. We describe a case of fibropapillomatosis in a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) during its rehabilitation at the Machalilla National Park Rehabilitation Center, Ecuador. Viral presence was confirmed by PCR, targeting fragments of the chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) unique long (UL) genes, UL27, UL28, and UL30. The amplicons were sequenced and included in a global phylogenetic analysis of the virus with other reported sequences from GenBank. Results showed that the available viral sequences segregated into five phylogeographic groups: western Atlantic and eastern Caribbean, central Pacific, western Pacific, Atlantic, and eastern Pacific groups. The concatenated ChHV5 sequences from Ecuador clustered with the eastern Pacific sequences

Representativeness of samples enrolled in Alzheimer's disease research centers.

To generalize findings on the mechanisms and prognosis in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), it is critical for ADRD research to be representative of the population. Sociodemographic and health characteristics across ethnoracial groups included in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center sample (NACC) were compared to the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS).Baseline NACC data (n = 36,639) and the weighted 2010 HRS wave (N = 52,071,840) were included. We assessed covariate balance by calculating standardized mean differences across harmonized covariates (i.e., sociodemographic, health).NACC participants were older, more educated, with worse subjective memory and hearing, but endorsed fewer depressive symptoms compared to HRS participants. While all racial and ethnic groups in NACC differed from HRS participants in the same way overall, these differences were further amplified between racial and ethnic groups.NACC participants do not represent the U.S. population in key demographic and health factors, which differed by race and ethnicity.HighlightsWe examined selection factors included in NACC studies compared to a nationally representative sample.Selection factors included demographic and health factors and self-reported memory concerns.Results suggest that NACC participants are not representative of the U.S. population.Importantly, selection factors differed across racial and ethnic groups.Findings are suggestive of selection bias within NACC studies

Neonatal Development in Prenatally Zika Virus-Exposed Infant Macaques with Dengue Immunity

Infants exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) prenatally may develop birth defects, developmental deficits, or remain asymptomatic. It is unclear why some infants are more affected than others, although enhancement of maternal ZIKV infection via immunity to an antigenically similar virus, dengue virus (DENV), may play a role. We hypothesized that DENV immunity may worsen prenatal ZIKV infection and developmental deficits in offspring. We utilized a translational macaque model to examine how maternal DENV immunity influences ZIKV-exposed infant macaque neurodevelopment in the first month of life. We inoculated eight macaques with prior DENV infection with ZIKV, five macaques with ZIKV, and four macaques with saline. DENV/ZIKV-exposed infants had significantly worse visual orientation skills than ZIKV-exposed infants whose mothers were DENV-naive, with no differences in motor, sensory or state control development. ZIKV infection characteristics and pregnancy outcomes did not individually differ between dams with and without DENV immunity, but when multiple factors were combined in a multivariate model, maternal DENV immunity combined with ZIKV infection characteristics and pregnancy parameters predicted select developmental outcomes. We demonstrate that maternal DENV immunity exacerbates visual orientation and tracking deficits in ZIKV-exposed infant macaques, suggesting that human studies should evaluate how maternal DENV immunity impacts long-term neurodevelopment