7 research outputs found
4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica
Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil.
El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país.
La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica.
Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas
Orientational Effects and Random Mixing in 1-Alkanol + Alkanone Mixtures
1-Alkanol + alkanone systems have been investigated through the data analysis of molar excess functions,
enthalpies, isobaric heat capacities, volumes and entropies, and using the Flory model and the formalism of the concentrationconcentration
structure factor (SCC(0)). The enthalpy of the hydroxyl-carbonyl interactions has been evaluated. These
interactions are stronger in mixtures with shorter alcohols (methanol-1-butanol) and 2-propanone or 2-butanone. However,
effects related to the self-association of alcohols and to solvation between unlike molecules are of minor importance when
compared with those which arise from dipolar interactions. Physical interactions are more relevant in mixtures with longer
1-alkanols. The studied systems are characterized by large structural effects. The variation of the molar excess enthalpy with the
alcohol size along systems with a given ketone or with the alkanone size in solutions with a given alcohol are discussed in terms of
the different contributions to this excess function. Mixtures with methanol show rather large orientational effects. The random
mixing hypothesis is attained to a large extent for mixtures with 1-alkanols ≠ methanol and 2-alkanones. Steric effects and
cyclization lead to stronger orientational effects in mixtures with 3-pentanone, 4-heptanone, or cyclohexanone. The increase of
temperature weakens orientational effects. Results from SCC(0) calculations show that homocoordination is predominant and
support conclusions obtained from the Flory model.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, under Project
FIS2010-1695
Late holocene environments in Las Tablas de Daimiel (south central Iberian peninsula, Spain)
The use of a high resolution pollen record in
combination with geochemical data from sediments composed
mainly of layers of charophytes alternating with layers
of vegetal remains plus some detrital beds permits the
reconstruction of the environmental evolution of the last
3000 years in an inland wetland of the Mediterranean domain,
thus introducing a new climatic dataset for the Late
Holocene. Hydrological fluctuations, reflected in the relationship
between emerged and aquatic vegetation and
inorganic and organic C and N changes, can be related
to aridity or humid phases, while relations among arboreal
taxa (Quercus and Pinus) and Artemisia are used as temperature
indicators. Five climatic periods have been identified:
a Subatlantic Cold Period (<150 b.c.), cold and arid; the
RomanWarm Period (150 b.c.–a.d. 270), warmer and wetter;
the Dark Ages (a.d. 270–a.d. 950), colder and drier;
the Medieval Warm Period (a.d. 950–a.d. 1400), warmer
and wetter; and the Little Ice Age (>a.d. 1400) indicated
by a cooling and drying trend. Despite the lack of any direct
evidence of human action, there are some episodes related
to deforestation during the Reconquista (Middle Ages) that
mask the real climatic signal
Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone in elderly untreated patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter phase 1/2 study
Standard first-line treatment for elderly
multiple myeloma (MM) patients ineligible
for stem cell transplantation is melphalan
plus prednisone (MP). However, complete
responses (CRs) are rare. Bortezomib is
active in patients with relapsed MM, including
elderly patients. This phase 1/2
trial in 60 untreated MM patients aged at
least 65 years (half older than 75 years)
was designed to determine dosing, safety,
and efficacy of bortezomib plus MP(VMP).
VMP response rate was 89%, including
32% immunofixation-negative CRs, of
whom half of the IF– CR patients analyzed
achieved immunophenotypic remission
(no detectable plasma cells at 10 4 to
10 5 sensitivity). VMP appeared to overcome
the poor prognosis conferred by
retinoblastoma gene deletion and IgH
translocations. Results compare favorably
with our historical control data for
MP—notably, response rate (89% versus
42%), event-free survival at 16 months
(83% versus 51%), and survival at 16
months (90% versus 62%). Side effects
were predictable and manageable; principal
toxicities were hematologic, gastrointestinal,
and peripheral neuropathy and
were more evident during early cycles
and in patients aged 75 years or more. In
conclusion, in elderly patients ineligible
for transplantation, the combination of
bortezomib plus MP appears significantly
superior to MP, producing very high CR
rates, including immunophenotypic CRs,
even in patients with poor prognostic
features
Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial
Background:
Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor.
Methods:
The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population).
Findings:
Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI.
Interpretation:
In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk