Diet and nutrient intake of pregnant women in the capital area in Iceland

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Tilgangur: Næringarástand fyrir og á meðgöngu getur haft áhrif á þroska, vöxt og heilsu barnsins til skemmri og lengri tíma. Markmið rannsóknarinnar var að rannsaka næringargildi fæðu hjá barnshafandi konum á höfuðborgarsvæðinu og að kanna hvort mataræði kvenna í kjörþyngd fyrir þungun væri frábrugðið því sem er hjá konum sem voru yfir kjörþyngd. Efniviður/aðferðir: Þátttakendur voru konur á aldrinum 18-40 ára (n=183), sem höfðu búsetu á höfuðborgarsvæðinu. Mataræði var kannað með fjögurra daga vigtaðri skráningu í 19.-24. viku meðgöngu (n=98 með líkamsþyngdarstuðull (LÞS) <25 kg/m2 ); n=46 með LÞS 25-29,9 kg/m2 og n=39 með LÞS ≥30 kg/m2 ). Niðurstöður: Einungis 20% kvennanna náðu lágmarksviðmiðum trefjaneyslu sem eru 25 g á dag. Viðbættur sykur veitti að jafnaði 12% (SF ± 5%) af heildarorku fæðisins. Um fjórðungur kvennanna gæti hafa átt á hættu að fullnægja ekki þörf fyrir joð, D-vítamín og DHA (dókósahexensýru ). Ofneysla vítamína og steinefna (úr fæði og bætiefnum) sást ekki. Miðgildi neyslu á mjólk og mjólkurvörum (346 g/dag miðað við 258 g/dag, p<0,05), gos- og svaladrykkjum (200 g/dag miðað við 122 g/dag, p<0,05) og kartöfluflögum og poppi (13 g/dag miðað við 0 g/dag, p<0,05) var hærra meðal kvenna með LÞS ≥30 kg/m2 fyrir þungun heldur en kvenna sem voru í kjörþyngd fyrir þungun. Ályktanir: Huga þarf betur að fæðuvali kvenna fyrir og á meðgöngu, ekki síst meðal kvenna yfir kjörþyngd. Hluti barnshafandi kvenna fullnægir ekki þörf fyrir næringarefni á borð við joð, D-vítamín og DHA, sem öll gegna lykilhlutverki við fósturþroska.Introduction: Nutrition in pregnancy may affect growth, development and health of the child in the short and long term. We aimed to assess diet and nutrient intake among pregnant women in the capital area and evaluate differences in dietary intake between women who were overweight/obese and normal weight before pregnancy. Material and methods: Pregnant women aged 18-40 years (n=183) living in the capital area kept four day weighed food records to assess diet and nutrient intake in the 19th-24th week of pregnancy (n=98 with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2 ; n=46 with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2 and n=39 with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ). Results: Only 20% of the women consumed the minimum recommended 25 g/day of dietary fibers. The contribution of added sugar to the total energy intake was on average 12% (SD ± 5%). About one-fourth appeared not to meet requirements for iodine, vitamin D and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). No overconsumption of vitamins and minerals from food or supplements was observed. Higher median intake of milk and dairy products (346 g/day vs. 258 g/day, p<0.05), soft drinks (200 g/day vs. 122 g/day, p<0.05), as well as chips and popcorn (13 g/day vs. 0 g/day, p<0,05) was observed among women with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 compared with women of normal weight before pregnancy (BMI <25 kg/ m2 ). Conclusion: Dietary habits and choices among women require enhanced consideration both before and in pregnancy, particularly among those who are obese. Sub-optimal consumption of iodine, vitamin D and DHA, was seen among up to a quarter of the pregnant women.Rannsóknasjóður Háskóla Íslands, Vísindasjóður Landspítal

Genome-wide association identifies seven loci for pelvic organ prolapse in Iceland and the UK Biobank.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadPelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a downward descent of one or more of the pelvic organs, resulting in a protrusion of the vaginal wall and/or uterus. We performed a genome-wide association study of POP using data from Iceland and the UK Biobank, a total of 15,010 cases with hospital-based diagnosis code and 340,734 female controls, and found eight sequence variants at seven loci associating with POP (P 5%) and one with minor allele frequency of 4.87%. Some of the variants associating with POP also associated with traits of similar pathophysiology. Of these, rs3820282, which may alter the estrogen-based regulation of WNT4, also associates with leiomyoma of uterus, gestational duration and endometriosis. Rs3791675 at EFEMP1, a gene involved in connective tissue homeostasis, also associates with hernias and carpal tunnel syndrome. Our results highlight the role of connective tissue metabolism and estrogen exposure in the etiology of POP.UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centr

Laparoscopic boxmodel and surgical dexterity

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Physical activity of relatively high intensity in mid-pregnancy predicts lower glucose tolerance levels.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access.Physical activity (PA) is recommended as part of therapy for patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Whether such recommendations are also justified for pregnant women is less well established. We investigated the association between PA and glucose tolerance in pregnancy.A non-selective sample of 217 pregnant women was recruited at a routine 20 week ultrasound examination. Participants answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) about frequency, intensity and duration of daily physical activity in the past 7 days and underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks. A subset of 72 overweight/obese pregnant women wore a pedometer for 1 week with assessment of IPAQ score and pedometric correlations to this.Of the sample, 177 attended for OGTT; 51% were overweight or obese. The mean (SD) fasting glucose was 4.5 (0.4) mmol/L, and 12% had gestational diabetes mellitus. Only one-third engaged in vigorous PA. After adjustment for pre-pregnancy BMI, age and parity, those engaging in vigorous PA had significantly lower fasting glucose levels (by 0.15 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.03-0.27) compared with those not vigorously active. This decrease was similar in both normal and overweight/obese women. There were fewer cases of gestational diabetes (p = 0.03) among the vigorously active women (3/56; 5%) than among those who were not active (19/121; 16%). No association with glucose tolerance was observed for physical activity of moderate intensity.Only vigorous physical activity appears beneficial with respect to maternal glucose tolerance, both among normal, overweight and obese women.Landspitali University Hospital Research Fun